 This contrasted, however, with the expansive shanty towns that developed along the canals in the same area.In 1906, the Shanghai Municipal Council (the governing authority of the International Settlement) began levying "special rates" (colloquially known as "water rates" or "police rates") on residents in the extra-settlement roads area who used tap water supplied by the International Settlement.However, in contrast to the concession proper, the Chinese government continued to levy some rates and taxes in the extra-settlement roads area.