 Vilain and his collaborators started the DSD-TRN in 2012 as a registry to assist in the care of patients with DSDs.As the Chief of Medical Genetics at UCLA, Vilain helped standardize the genetic and phenotypic reporting of DSDs to assist clinicians in interpretation and diagnosis.In 2011, Vilain was one of the members of the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission and helped revise the policies on female athletes with DSDs such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), spurred by the case of South African runner Caster Semenya in 2009.