 2019) identified a haplogroup, termed "D0", in three Nigerian samples.The "D0" haplogroup is outside M174, but shares 7 SNPs with it that E lacks.The authors consider several possibilities, but in part because of the likely deep-rooting of haplogroup "D0", as well as recently calculated early divergence times for it and its parent haplogroup, DE, the authors conclude in favor of an African origin for D0 DE, as well as for the common ancestor (now known as D-CTS3946 or "D") of D0 and D-M174.