 This result is improved by Bouchitte and Suquet who show that the homogenized analysis problem is divided into two sub-problems, one purely volumetric for which the resistance domain is that given by the boundary analysis of a base cell, the second, surface area for which a surface homogenization problem (and not on unit cell) must be solved.In 1993, Pierre Suquet proposed a series of bollards for non-linear phase composites, using a method different from those available at the time (Willis, 1988, Ponte Castañeda, 1991), then showed in 1995 that Ponte Castañeda's (1991) variational method is a secant method using the second moment by phase of local fields.In 1994, H. Moulinec and P. Suquet introduced a numerical method using massively the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using only a pixelized image of the study microstructure (without mesh size).