 The Arabic newspaper "Al-Jawāʾib" began in Ottoman Constantinople, established by Fāris al-Shidyāq a.k.a.Ahmed Faris Efendi (1804-1887), after 1860.It published Ottoman laws in Arabic, including the Ottoman Constitution of 1876.

 there are between 50,000 and Armenians in Istanbul, down from about 164,000 according to the Ottoman Census of 1913 (partly due to the Armenian Genocide).