 Humans and other complex eukaryotes simply may be able to more with what they have, genetically speaking.Among the mechanisms cited for this greater productivity are more sophisticated transcriptional controls, multifunctional proteins, more interaction between protein products, alternative splicing and post-translational modifications that may produce several protein products from the same genetic raw material.In addition, thousands of non-coding RNAs that are transcribled from DNA but not translated into protein have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and development in humans and other eukaryotes.