 It was discovered that this manipulation caused a social pressure effect as "small donors feel that they should be donating more" and thus refrains them from donating all together.In 2013, Samek and Sheremeta investigated how the act of recognizing donors affects the extent of contributions to public goods.They found that recognizing all or solely the lowest donors significantly increases contributions, while recognizing the highest donors has no effect on the extent of contribution at all.