 During the transition from Ming to Qing the Manchu government issued banknotes known as "Hubu Guanpiao" (戶部官票) or "Shunzhi Guanpiao" (順治官票) or "Shunzhi Chaoguan" (順治鈔貫) which were first issued in the year 1651 on initiative of the Minister of Revenue, Wei Xiangshu (魏象樞) during the war with the remnants of the Ming dynasty to cover the more immediate expenses of the Manchus as the finances of the Qing during this period were in dire distress, these banknotes were declared void only a decade after their issued.An annual amount of 128,000 "guàn" (貫) were issued, with a total sum of 1.28 million "guàn" being produced before they were abolished.The denominations of the Hubu Guanpiao followed the pattern of the Ming dynasty period paper notes, but as historiographical sources about the early Qing era paper money are scarce, not much can be known about them.