 Equivalent resistance in series is given by formula_9for formula_10 resistors in series, while equivalent resistance in parallel is given by formula_11 for formula_10 resistors in parallel.Equivalent capacitance in series is given by formula_13, while equivalent capacitance in parallel is given by formula_14.Electromagnetic waves are a result of Maxwell's equations which, in part, state that changing electric fields produce magnetic fields and vice versa.