 A 2014 study noted that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and mTOR play important roles in managing different metabolic programs.It was also found that the protein complex v-ATPase-Ragulator was essential for activation of mTOR and AMPK.The v-ATPase-Ragulator complex is also used as an initiating sensor for energy stress, and serves as an endosomal docking site for LKB1-mediated AMPK activation by forming the v-ATPase-Ragulator-AXIN/LKB1-AMPK complex.