 Challoner Cottage, dating from 1941, is of state historical significance as a key element in the chronological development of a major state-run child welfare institution, Mittagong Farm Home demonstrating a change from cottage-style accommodation to institutional-scale dormitory-style accommodation.It has been estimated that 30,000 children lived at the institution between the mid 1880s and the mid 1990s.Challoner Cottage also has historical significance if it is substantiated that it was constructed in part by the children who would live there as wards of the state.