 They were the only Chuy tribe that in the middle of the 8th century preserved their independence, in spite of being sandwiched between Karluks and Turgesh.Their possessions were on the west side of the Tarbagatai range.Chinese chroniclers listed "Chumukun" (處木昆), led by a *"Külüg čor" ([屈]律啜 "[Qu]lü chuo"), as the first of five Duolu tribes in the On-Ok union.