 There is not a lot known about plant virus and host cell interaction due to the difficulty of studying organisms with cell walls.One study examined the interactions between CCMV and cowpea protoplasts and found that it was dependent on aspecific binding, mostly relying on electrostatic interactions between the plasma membrane and virus particles, specifically negatively charged vesicles and the positively charged N-terminal arm of viral coat proteins, further labelling CCMV as an endocytic virus.It also takes advantage of membrane lesions to introduce viral particles into the cell.