 Encyclopedias of various types had been published since antiquity, beginning with the collected works of Aristotle and the "Natural History" of Pliny the Elder, the latter having 2493 articles in 37 books.Encyclopedias were published in Europe and China throughout the Middle Ages, such as the "Satyricon" of Martianus Minneus Felix Capella (early 5th century), the "Speculum majus" ("Great Mirror") of Vincent of Beauvais (1250), and "Encyclopedia septem tomis distincta" ("A Seven-Part Encyclopedia") by Johann Heinrich Alsted (1630).Most early encyclopedias did not include biographies of living people and were written in Latin, although some encyclopedias were translated into English, such as "De proprietatibus rerum (On the properties of things)" (1240) by Bartholomeus Anglicus.