 He and his colleagues became the first, in 1964, to show that trace amounts of the protein albumin in urine could predict kidney disease in diabetes, which is now the basis for routine kidney screening in diabetic patients.With the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, he conducted the Whitehall Survey in 1969, which led to the creation of different glucose thresholds for microvascular and macrovascular disease.He also pioneered the concept of the insulin pump, which delivers insulin continuously to type 1 diabetics who are reliant on insulin.