 In his 1948 highly-influential textbook "Economics" which was written in the wake of the Great Depression and the Second World War, Paul Samuelson, popularized the work of John Maynard Keynes and was "highly skeptical of Berle-style planning" and Galbraith's theories.Lemann said that the Council of Economic Advisers—a "permanent office in the White House"—consisted mainly of academic economists focused on how "well markets functioned rather than how much power corporations".In the introduction of his 1959 book, "The Corporation in Modern Society"—a "symposium of essays" by a number of authors, about the way in which large corporations have contributed to American life, the editor Edward Mason, said that, "Innovation at the hands of the small-scale inventor and individual entrepreneur has given way to organized research.