 Thirteen plays are known; four of them were published during his lifetime.Most of the plays deal with heroic and romanticized episodes from the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania.Other plays transformed traditional Lithuanian myths, including Eglė the Queen of Serpents and Jūratė and Kastytis, into literary dramas and dealt with realities of the 19th-century Lithuania, including the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the Uprising of 1863.