 According to the 2002 "International Symposium on the Crimes of Bacteriological Warfare", the number of people killed in Far East Asia by Japanese germ warfare and human experiments was estimated to be around 580,000.The members of Unit 731, including Lieutenant General Shirō Ishii, received immunity from General MacArthur in exchange for germ warfare data based on human experimentation.The deal was concluded in 1948.