 Dispersed seeds are consumed by woodmice ("Apodemus sylvaticus", Muridae), several species of birds ("Fringilla coelebs", "Serinus serinus", and "Carduelis cannabina" Fringillidae, among others), several species of medium-sized granivorous beetles ("Iberozabrus" sp.Carabidae, among others), and ants ("Lasius niger", "Tetramorium caespitum", "Cataglyphis velox" and "Leptothorax tristis").These animals feed on the seeds from late August to early April.