 First railway (steam powered)
First section of the North railway from Vienna to Břeclav and its branch from Břeclav to Brno (July 7, 1839)

Maximum gradient of a rail line
Gradient 57 ‰ on cog railway Tanvald-Kořenov (June 30, 1902)

The lowest railway station
Station Dolní Žleb, 127 m above sea level, on cross-border line Děčín-Bad Schandau in valley of the Elbe River (April 8, 1851)

The highest railway station
Station Kubova Huť, 990 m above sea level, on line Strakonice-Volary (October 15, 1893)

The longest tunnel
Tunnel Ejpovice, long, on line Prague-Pilsen ()

The longest bridge/viaduct
Negrelli Viaduct (also called Karlín viaduct), 1111 m long, on rail section Prague Masaryk station-Prague Bubny (June 1, 1850) 

Bridge with the highest span
Most míru (Dolní Loučky), span 110 m, line Břeclav-Havlíčkův Brod (December 20, 1953) 

The highest bridge/viaduct
Viaduct Červená nad Vltavou, 68 m high, line Tábor-Ražice (November 21, 1889) 

The highest operating line speed
Speed 160 km/h in sections of transit corridors

The fastest electric rail vehicle
Unit ČD 680.001 "Pendolino" reached top speed 237 km/h between Brno and Břeclav (November 18, 2004)

The fastest electric locomotive
Locomotive 469.4 ČSD, reached top speed 219 km/h on railway test circuit Velim (September 5, 1972).Czech built locomotive Skoda Chs200 reach top speed 262 km/h on Oktyabrskaya Railway in Russia (December 2, 2006).The fastest diesel rail vehicle
Locomotive T 499.0002 (759.002), nicknamed Cyclop, reached top speed 178 km/h on railway test circuit Velim (July 21, 1975)

The fastest steam locomotive
Locomotive 498.106 ČSD, nicknamed Albatross, reached top speed 162 km/h on railway test circuit Velim (August 27, 1964)