 Finally in December 1943, he was transferred to the Auschwitz III (Monowitz) labour camp ("Arbeitslager"), situated only five miles from the better-known extermination camp of Auschwitz II (Birkenau).Monowitz was under the direction of the industrial company IG Farben, who were building a Buna (synthetic rubber) and liquid fuel plant there.It housed over 10,000 Jewish slave labourers, as well as POWs and forced labourers from all over occupied Europe.