" ignored (help)↑ The term "doctor of philosophy" is not generally applied by them to graduates in disciplines other than philosophy itself. These doctoral degrees, however, are sometimes colloquially identified in English as Ph.D. degrees.↑ Makdisi, George (April-June 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West", Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 (2):  175–182 [175–77], doi:10.2307/604423 ↑ See, for instance, Rosenberg, Ralph P. (1962). "Eugene Schuyler's Doctor of Philosophy Degree: A Theory Concerning the Dissertation". The Journal of Higher Education. 33: 381–386. doi:10.2307/1979947. (subscription required)↑ Simpson, Renate (1984). How the PhD came to Britain : A Century of Struggle for Postgraduate Education. Taylor and Francis. ↑ ABC (2008). "PhD students living below poverty line". ABC News. 2008 (April): 1–2. {{cite journal}}: External link in |title= (help)↑ http://spuweb.siu.edu.ar/studyinargentina/pages/study1203.php ස