emperorsChinaArchaeologyCentury of humiliationConquest dynastyGolden agesHua–Yi distinctionFour BarbariansSelf-Strengthening MovementSprouts of capitalismGermanyHistorikerstreitSonderwegVergangenheitsbewältigungSpainBlack legend / White legendCarlism in the Francoist eraConvivenciaInquisitionReconquistaUnitedKingdomBritish EmpirePorter–MacKenzie debateSecond colonial occupationPoor LawsScotlandOrigins of the Kingdom of AlbaWestminster StoneStorm over the gentrySuffragette CampaignWinter of DiscontentOceaniaColonial AustraliaBy war, conflict1948 Arab–Israeli WarPalestinian expulsion and flightAlgerian WarAmerican Civil WarOriginsBurning of SmyrnaCold WarCrusadesIslamic viewsEighty Years' WarOriginsFall of BabylonFranco-Prussian WarCausesParis CommuneGallic WarsGreat GameIndian Rebellion of 1857CausesNapoleonic WarsInvasion of RussiaWaterlooParaguayan WarPeloponnesian WarSpanish Civil WarWar in the VendéeWar of 1812OriginsWor