e set of pairs (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xN, yN), by a linear functionyi ≈ axi + b, i = 1, ..., Nwhich can be formulated in terms of matrices, related to the singular value decomposition of matrices.[74]Random matrices are matrices whose entries are random numbers, subject to suitable probability distributions, such as matrix normal distribution. Beyond probability theory, they are applied in domains ranging from number theory to physics.[75][76]සමමිති සහ භෞතික විද්‍යාව තුළ පරිණාමණ[සංස්කරණය]වැඩිදුර තොරතුරු: Symmetry in physicsLinear transformations and the associated symmetries play a key role in modern physics. For example, elementary particles in quantum field theory are classified as representations of the Lorentz group of special relativity and, more specifically, by their behavior under the spin group.  Concrete representations involving the Pauli matrices and more general gamma matrices are an integral part of the physical description of fermions, which behave as spinors.