doctorate in the faculty of philosophy) at the University of St Andrews was discontinued and replaced with the Ph.D. (research doctorate). Oxford retained the D.Phil. abbreviation for their research degrees. Some newer UK universities, for example Buckingham (est. 1976), Sussex (est. 1961), and, until a few years ago, York (est. 1963), chose to adopt the D.Phil., as did some universities in නවසීලන්තය.ලෝකයේ දර්ශන ආචාර්‍ය උපාධි[සංස්කරණය]Ph.D. degrees are awarded under different circumstances and with different requirements in many different countries. ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව සහ නවසීලන්තය[සංස්කරණය]Admission[සංස්කරණය]Admission to a Ph.D. program within ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව and New Zealand requires the prospective student to have completed a bachelor's degree with an honours component or a higher degree, such as a post graduate  master's degree by research or a master's degree by course work. In most disciplines, honours require an extra year of study including a large research component in addition