Petrine primacyChurch fathersApostolic fathersHistory of the papacyPrimacyGreat ChurchAnte-Nicene PeriodConstantineFirst seven ecumenical councilsNicaea IChalcedonLate antiquityBiblical canonMonasticismMiddle AgesIslamic conquestsPope Gregory IPapal StatesSchism (1054)Investiture ControversyCrusadesSchism (1378)InquisitionUniversitiesScholasticismAge of DiscoveryModern eraProtestantismProtestant ReformationCatholic ReformationTrentThirty Years' WarEnlightenmentFrench RevolutionNazismVatican IICommunismSexual abuse scandalIslamCOVID-19 pandemicTheology(BibleTradition;Catechism)GeneralGodTrinityKingdomBody and soulDivine graceDogmaNicene CreedOriginal sinSaintsSalvationSermon on the MountTen CommandmentsVulgateOfficial BibleSixtine VulgateSixto-Clementine VulgateNova VulgataWorshipEcclesiologyCommunitas perfectaCouncilsEcumenismFour marksOne true churchCatholicInfallibilityMystici Corporis ChristiPeople of GodThree sta