MindMotionNatureNecessityObjectPatternPerceptionPhysical objectPrinciplePropertyQualiaQualityRealityRelationSoulSubjectSubstantial formThoughtTimeTruthType–token distinctionUniversalUnobservableValuemore ...PeopleParmenidesPlatoAristotlePlotinusDuns ScotusThomas AquinasFrancisco SuárezRené DescartesNicolas MalebrancheJohn LockeDavid HumeThomas ReidImmanuel KantIsaac NewtonArthur SchopenhauerBaruch SpinozaGeorg W. F. HegelGeorge BerkeleyGottfried Wilhelm LeibnizChristian WolffBernard BolzanoHermann LotzeHenri BergsonFriedrich NietzscheCharles Sanders PeirceJoseph MaréchalLudwig WittgensteinMartin HeideggerAlfred N. WhiteheadBertrand RussellG. E. MooreGilles DeleuzeJean-Paul SartreGilbert RyleHilary PutnamP. F. StrawsonR. G. CollingwoodRudolf CarnapSaul KripkeW. V. O. QuineG. E. M. AnscombeDonald DavidsonMichael DummettD. M. ArmstrongDavid LewisAlvin PlantingaHéctor-Neri CastañedaPeter van InwagenDerek ParfitAlex