ementsChangeEarthEarth scienceHistory (geological)StructureGeologyPlate tectonicsOceansGaia hypothesisFutureWeatherMeteorologyAtmosphere (Earth)ClimateCloudsMoonlightRainSnowSunlightTidesWindtornadotropical cycloneNatural environmentEcologyEcosystemFieldRadiationWildernessWildfiresLifeOrigin (abiogenesis)Evolutionary historyBiosphereHierarchyBiology (astrobiology)BiodiversityOrganismEukaryotafloraplantsfaunaanimalsfungiprotistaProkaryotesarchaeabacteriaViruses ප්‍රවර්ගයvte Geologic principles and processesStratigraphic principlesPrinciple of original horizontalityLaw of superpositionPrinciple of lateral continuityPrinciple of cross-cutting relationshipsPrinciple of faunal successionPrinciple of inclusions and componentsWalther's lawPetrologic principlesIntrusiveExtrusiveVolcanicExfoliationWeatheringSoil formationDiagenesisCompactionMetamorphismGeomorphologic processesPlate tectonicsSalt tectonicsTectonic uplift