topsiaKöllner's ruleOpponent processDichromacyMonochromacyPentachromacyTetrachromacyTrichromacyvtePhysiology of the cardiovascular systemHeartCardiac outputCardiac cycleCardiac outputHeart rateStroke volumeStroke volumeEnd-diastolic volumeEnd-systolic volumeAfterloadPreloadFrank–Starling lawCardiac function curveVenous return curveWiggers diagramPressure volume diagramUltrasoundFractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimensionEnd-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimensionAortic valve area calculationEjection fractionCardiac indexHeart rateCardiac pacemakerChronotropic (Heart rate)Dromotropic (Conduction velocity)Inotropic (Contractility)Bathmotropic (Excitability)Lusitropic (Relaxation)ConductionConduction systemCardiac electrophysiologyAction potentialcardiac atrialventricularEffective refractory periodPacemaker potentialElectrocardiographyP wavePR intervalQRS complexQT intervalST segmentT waveU waveHexaxial reference systemCham