efinitionData manipulationQueryinformation retrievalSecurityActivity monitoringAuditForensicsNegative databaseDesignEntities and relationships (and Enhanced notation)NormalizationSchemaRefactoringCardinalityProgrammingAbstraction layerObject–relational mappingManagementVirtualizationTuningcachingMigrationPreservationIntegrityListsAcademic databasesBiological databasesBiodiversity databasesFacial expression databasesOnline databasesOnline music databasesOnline real estate databasesSee alsoDatabase-centric architectureIntelligent databaseTwo-phase lockingLocks with ordered sharingLoad filePublishingHalloween ProblemLog shipping Category WikiProjectvteDatabase management systemsTypesObject-orientedcomparisonRelationallistcomparisonKey–valueColumn-orientedlistDocument-orientedWide-column storeGraphNoSQLNewSQLIn-memorylistMulti-modelcomparisonCloudBlockchain-based databaseConceptsDatabaseACIDArmstrong's axiomsCodd's 12 ru