t double layers are formed, the charge separation can extend some tens of Debye lengths.The magnitude of the potentials and electric fields must be determined by means other than simply finding the net charge density. A common example is to assume that the electrons satisfy the "Boltzmann relation": ne∝eeΦ/kBTe{\displaystyle n_{e}\propto e^{e\Phi /k_{B}T_{e}}}.Differentiating this relation provides a means to calculate the electric field from the density: E→=(kBTe/e)(∇ne/ne){\displaystyle {\vec {E}}=(k_{B}T_{e}/e)(\nabla n_{e}/n_{e})}.It is possible to produce a plasma which is not quasineutral. An electron beam, for example, has only negative charges. The density of a non-neutral plasma must generally be very low, or it must be very small, otherwise it will be dissipated by the repulsive electrostatic force.In astrophysical plasmas, Debye screening prevents electric fields from directly a