 unlike a PhD, "Dr.rer.nat" for doctor rerum naturalium — Doctor of Science, "Dr. phil." for doctor philosophiæ, "Dr. iur." for doctor iuris, which is not equal to a J.D., etc.).මෙම ඡේදය පුළුල් කිරීම අවශ්‍යයි. කරුණු එකතු කර ඔබට ද සහාය විය හැකිය.  (2008 ජූනි)නෝර්වේ[සංස්කරණය]මූලික ලිපිය: Dr. philos. (Norwegian degree)Norway was one of the first countries to introduce the Doctor of Philosophy degree, inspired by the German university system. The degree doctor philosophiae, abbreviated dr. philos., was first awarded in 1847[10]. The degree was used for all other fields than theology, law and medicine, which had separate degrees: doctor theologiae, doctor juris and doctor medicinae. In the late 20th century new degrees were created in the fields of natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, but it was still possible to obtain the dr. philos. degree in any field. As the dr. philos. degree was one of the four original doctoral degrees and much older than the specific degrees in na