nasty and the non-Han Chinese regimes in general. It seeks to analyze the success and failure of Manchu rule in China from the Manchu perspective and focus on how Manchu rulers sought to maintain the Manchu ethnic identity throughout Qing history.චීන සමූහාණ්ඩු යුගය (1912-1949)[සංස්කරණය]Bergere, Marie-Claire. Sun Yat-Sen (1998), 480pp, the standard biographyBoorman, Howard L., ed. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. (Vol. I-IV and Index. 1967–1979). 600 short scholarly biographies excerpt and text searchBoorman, Howard L. "Sun Yat-sen" in Boorman, ed. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China (1970) 3: 170–89, complete text onlineDreyer, Edward L.  China at War, 1901–1949. (1995). 422 pp.Eastman Lloyd. Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, 1937– 1945. (1984)Eastman Lloyd et al. The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949 (1991)Fairbank, John K., ed. The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 12, Republican China 1912–1949. Part 1. (1983). 1001 pp.Fairb