ohn Wiley and Sons. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-470-65898-7. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 March 2015.↑ Periplus of the Erythreaean Sea සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2014-08-14 at the Wayback Machine, chs. 4, 5↑ Raffaele, Paul (December 2007). "Keepers of the Lost Ark?". Smithsonian Magazine. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 5 April 2011.↑ Tamrat, Taddesse (1972) Church and State in Ethiopia (1270–1527). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 74.↑ Owens, Travis. BELEAGUERED MUSLIM FORTRESSES AND ETHIOPIAN IMPERIAL EXPANSION FROM THE 13TH TO THE 16TH CENTURY (PDF). NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL. p. 23. 12 November 2020 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත (PDF).↑ Pouwels, Randall (31 March 2000). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8214-4461-0.↑ Kendie, Daniel (2005) The Five Dimensions of the Eritrean Conflict 1941–2004: Deciphering the Geo-Political Puzzle. Signature Book Printing, Inc. pp. 17–18.↑ Denison, Edward; Ren, Guang Yu and Gebremedhin, Naigzy (2003) Asmara: Africa's secret modernist city.