tches the APA amount, but are funded by the university. In recent years, with the tightening of research funding in ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව, these scholarships have become increasingly hard to obtain. Due to a continual increase to living costs, many Ph.D. students are forced to live under the poverty line,[6]. In addition to the more common APA and University scholarships, ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු and New Zealand students also have other sources of funding in their Ph.D. degree.  These could include, but are not limited to, scholarships offered by schools, research centres and commercial enterprise. For the latter, the amount is determined between the university and the organisation, but is quite often set at the APA (Industry) rate, roughly AU$7,000 more than the usual APA rate. ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු and New Zealand students are often also able to tutor undergraduate classes and do guest lectures (much like a teaching assistant in the USA) to generate income. An ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු or New Zealand Ph.D. scholarship 