cent XAlexander VIIClement IXClement XInnocent XIAlexander VIIIInnocent XIIClement XIInnocent XIIIBenedict XIIIClement XIIBenedict XIVClement XIIIClement XIVPius VIPius VIILeo XIIPius VIIIGregory XVIPius IXLeo XIIIPius XBenedict XVPius XIPius XIIJohn XXIIIPaul VIJohn Paul IJohn Paul IIBenedict XVIFrancisHistory of the papacyAntiquity and Early Middle AgesDuring the Roman Empire (until 493)Under Constantine (312–337)Ostrogothic Papacy (493–537)Byzantine Papacy (537–752)Frankish Papacy (756–857)Saeculum obscurum (904–964)Crescentii era (974–1012)High and LateMiddle AgesTusculan Papacy (1012–1044 / 1048)Conflicts with the HRE (1048–1257)Wandering PapacyViterbo, 1257–1281Orvieto, 1262–1297Perugia, 1228–1304Avignon Papacy (1309–1378)Western Schism (1378–1417)Early Modern and Modern EraRenaissance Papacy (1417–1534)Reformation Papacy (1534–1585)Baroque Papacy (1585–1689)Age of Enlightenment (c. 1640–1740)Revolutionary Papacy (1775–1848)Ro