1
00:00:25,002 --> 00:00:29,117
毛澤東嘅床頭，總係放住一部資治通鑒。

2
00:00:30,147 --> 00:00:37,299
呢部，係畀佢讀爛咗嘅書，有唔少頁都係用透明膠紙貼住嘅。

3
00:00:38,541 --> 00:00:42,970
呢部書上便，都唔知留低佢幾多閲讀嘅印跡。

4
00:00:44,996 --> 00:00:49,339
有一段時間，毛澤東讀資治通鑒真係入咗迷啊。

5
00:00:50,274 --> 00:00:59,757
佢一讀就係半日，攰喇，轉個便，又係好幾個小時，就係噉樣持續咗好長時間。

6
00:01:01,079 --> 00:01:08,884
毛澤東讀書嘅嗰種全神貫注嘅神態，喺孟錦雲嘅心處，留低一個永遠難忘嘅印象。

7
00:01:10,733 --> 00:01:17,351
有一日，毛澤東食完午飯，坐喺大廳嘅沙發上便，神態好悠閒。

8
00:01:18,097 --> 00:01:20,921
睇嚟，今日佢唔準備讀書嘞。

9
00:01:21,738 --> 00:01:28,573
佢微微笑噉睇住小孟，然後指住張枱上便放住嗰部資治通鑒，佢問：

10
00:01:29,803 --> 00:01:35,602
孟夫子，你知唔知道呢部書我讀過幾多次啊？

11
00:01:36,519 --> 00:01:42,668
小孟都未回答，毛澤東又接住話：一十七次。

12
00:01:43,572 --> 00:01:49,778
每讀一次都獲益匪淺啊，一部難得嘅好書哦。

13
00:01:51,020 --> 00:01:53,472
恐怕而家係最後一次喇。

14
00:01:54,656 --> 00:01:58,843
唔係唔想讀啊，而係冇時間咯。

15
00:02:00,352 --> 00:02:05,271
喺毛澤東最後呢句説話嘅語調裏便，充滿咗惋惜同遺憾。

16
00:02:05,987 --> 00:02:09,271
不過呢，一啲消沉同感傷都冇。

17
00:02:10,789 --> 00:02:19,159
佢接住問小孟：孟夫子，關於呢部書，你知道幾多啊？

18
00:02:20,287 --> 00:02:22,190
小孟有啲唔好意思噉話：

19
00:02:23,178 --> 00:02:29,131
我只係知道呢一部係寫歷史嘅書咋，聽老師講，係司馬光寫嘅。

20
00:02:30,340 --> 00:02:34,826
毛澤東又認真噉追問咗一句：仲有呢？

21
00:02:36,109 --> 00:02:38,412
小孟有啲醜醜地噉擰下個頭。

22
00:02:39,825 --> 00:02:43,835
毛澤東睇出小孟唔好意思喇，佢接住話：

23
00:02:44,539 --> 00:02:47,701
當然，呢啲唔能夠怪你嘅。

24
00:02:48,780 --> 00:02:57,060
呢部書如果從頭到尾，認真噉讀一次，要好幾年嘅時間喇。

25
00:02:58,405 --> 00:03:01,572
不過，我仲係勸你讀一讀。

26
00:03:02,802 --> 00:03:07,489
唔能夠全讀，讀下某啲部分亦好。

27
00:03:08,830 --> 00:03:12,815
讀，同唔讀，大不相同啊。

28
00:03:13,622 --> 00:03:17,170
你仲年輕，有冇呢個決心吖？

29
00:03:18,192 --> 00:03:22,999
小孟回答話：試下啦，嗯我怕冇嗰個毅力啫。

30
00:03:24,345 --> 00:03:28,680
毛澤東好似老師輔導學生一樣，十分認真噉話：

31
00:03:29,193 --> 00:03:37,813
孟夫子，你有個詞用錯咗喇，係個好關鍵嘅詞啊，唔改唔得。

32
00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:41,797
唔係毅力，而係興趣。

33
00:03:42,884 --> 00:03:47,185
因為有咗興趣，人就唔會覺得攰喇。

34
00:03:48,471 --> 00:03:55,861
咬實牙關噉睇書，你嘅毅力再大，都仲係睇唔落去嘅。

35
00:03:56,524 --> 00:04:06,164
有咗興趣，越睇就越有味道，仲會越睇越覺得輕鬆添，好似休息噉嘅。

36
00:04:07,024 --> 00:04:15,339
小孟話：我睇你就係對睇書有興趣咯，一日咁睇書都唔厭嘅，仲一味睇歷史書添。

37
00:04:15,859 --> 00:04:18,284
對歷史書呀，我就睇唔入嘅。

38
00:04:19,162 --> 00:04:22,588
毛澤東聽咗小孟嘅説話，並冇責怪佢。

39
00:04:23,445 --> 00:04:30,459
跟住佢又話：中國古代嘅歷史，有非常大嘅學問㗎。

40
00:04:31,812 --> 00:04:38,847
有人覺得中國古代嘅歷史，冚𠾴唥係糟粕，唔值得一睇。

41
00:04:40,011 --> 00:04:47,952
仲有一種人呢，覺得歷史上嘅嘢冚𠾴唥都係精華，包醫百病。

42
00:04:48,804 --> 00:04:52,214
我睇，呢兩種人都有片面性。

43
00:04:53,298 --> 00:05:03,696
我嘅觀點係既有精華，又有糟粕，既要繼承，又要批判分析，係唔係啊？

44
00:05:04,932 --> 00:05:06,264
小孟一味咁岌頭。

45
00:05:07,242 --> 00:05:11,184
毛澤東又問一句：點解話啱呢？

46
00:05:12,158 --> 00:05:14,310
主席講嘅仲有話唔啱嘅咩？

47
00:05:15,071 --> 00:05:24,941
哈哈哈，我講嘅都啱呀？唔見得，金口玉言，噉我唔係變咗聖人咯？

48
00:05:26,129 --> 00:05:32,908
歷史上冇咩嘢聖人，而家冇，以後亦唔會有。

49
00:05:33,892 --> 00:05:38,042
乜嘢都啱嘅聖人，亦永遠唔會有嘅。

50
00:05:39,151 --> 00:05:44,551
我講嘅説話有一半啱，我就心滿意足咯。

51
00:05:45,405 --> 00:05:51,638
就係書上面講嘅，亦有唔少屁話，唔能夠都信啊。

52
00:05:52,549 --> 00:06:01,804
小孟話：我睇書嘅時候，總係覺得書上面寫嘅仲有話唔啱嘅咩？所以我特別信啊，百分之百噉相信㗎。

53
00:06:03,168 --> 00:06:07,603
用你呢種態度讀書啊，仲不如唔讀。

54
00:06:08,569 --> 00:06:17,119
讀書，一就要讀，二就要懷疑，三要提出反對嘅意見。

55
00:06:17,709 --> 00:06:21,832
唔讀就唔得㗎，唔讀你唔知道吖嘛。

56
00:06:22,774 --> 00:06:29,857
凡人都係學而知之，邊個都唔係生而知之㗎嘛。

57
00:06:30,745 --> 00:06:42,401
不過淨係讀都唔得，讀咗書而唔敢懷疑，唔能夠提出唔同嘅睇法，呢部書呀，你就白讀嘞。

58
00:06:43,702 --> 00:06:47,118
我讀書從來都冇提出過唔同嘅睇法㗎。

59
00:06:48,158 --> 00:06:55,220
孟夫子，唔好認為書上篇篇都係事實，句句係真理。

60
00:06:56,384 --> 00:07:01,838
我哋現代人寫書，對事實，都有自己嘅選擇。

61
00:07:02,900 --> 00:07:08,584
古人就咁客觀啊？代代相傳就唔會走樣咩？

62
00:07:09,874 --> 00:07:18,004
比如，寫一個人，佢嘅臣下往往係講好話，甚至係吹捧；

63
00:07:19,023 --> 00:07:21,748
佢嘅敵人就往往係攻擊。

64
00:07:23,036 --> 00:07:31,624
呢代人噉樣寫，嗰代人又往往係噉樣寫，言過其實嘅嘢唔少啊。

65
00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,356
都係白紙黑字，你信邊一個啊？

66
00:07:37,087 --> 00:07:39,261
所以需要懷疑啫。

67
00:07:40,185 --> 00:07:48,340
你懷疑咯，就去搵其他嘅史料對照一下，呢啲係一種常用嘅方法。

68
00:07:49,892 --> 00:07:57,917
你讀書能夠懷疑啫，不過我連讀都唔一定能夠讀得懂啊，噉仲談得上咩嘢懷疑啫？

69
00:07:58,821 --> 00:08:03,394
乜書上面講嘅嘢，都有亂咁寫㗎？我真係想都冇想過啊。

70
00:08:04,333 --> 00:08:12,671
你呢個孟夫子吖，真係頭腦簡單到極，要多思吖嘛。

71
00:08:13,334 --> 00:08:23,245
比如講，有啲史書裏便，將武則天寫得一塌糊塗，荒淫到極，不理朝政。

72
00:08:24,158 --> 00:08:29,961
好似噉樣，佢能夠統治得落去咩？我就唔信喇。

73
00:08:31,290 --> 00:08:36,964
毛澤東講到呢度，就喺書架上便抽咗一部好薄嘅書遞畀小孟話：

74
00:08:38,445 --> 00:08:44,779
呢本係寫資治通鑒嘅書，寫得都唔錯，好容易讀。

75
00:08:45,814 --> 00:08:50,862
有時間嘅時候睇下，我仲想同你探討一番啊。

76
00:08:52,682 --> 00:08:56,874
十幾日之後，小孟將嗰部書還返畀毛澤東。

77
00:08:57,932 --> 00:09:03,081
通過讀呢本書，小孟覺得對資治通鑒多少有啲了解嘞。

78
00:09:04,514 --> 00:09:06,589
毛澤東微微笑對小孟話：

79
00:09:07,450 --> 00:09:16,720
書睇完喇，唔能夠白白睇㗎，要發表啲見解，不吝賜教先至啱㗎。

80
00:09:17,699 --> 00:09:22,561
毛澤東呢句説話雖然係開玩笑啊，不過態度係認真㗎。

81
00:09:23,463 --> 00:09:25,348
小孟有啲唔好意思噉話：

82
00:09:26,412 --> 00:09:32,576
對資治通鑒只能夠話有一啲啲了解啦，我仲有好多地方唔知道㗎。

83
00:09:32,918 --> 00:09:36,089
叫我講呀，亦只係能夠提問題嘅啫。

84
00:09:37,203 --> 00:09:44,805
毛澤東笑住話：了解一啲啲亦好嘛，睇嚟係略知一二喇。

85
00:09:45,799 --> 00:09:52,631
淨係提問題亦可以嘛，能夠提問題，就係一種提高啦。

86
00:09:53,739 --> 00:10:04,716
於是喺毛澤東嗰間寬敞個大廳裏便，一場既係似朋友之間嘅交談，或者話，更似係師生之間嘅討論開始喇。

87
00:10:06,243 --> 00:10:08,594
作為學生嘅小孟首先發問：

88
00:10:09,883 --> 00:10:16,326
呢部書叫做資治通鑒，係等統治者將歷史當作一面鏡照下自己。

89
00:10:17,190 --> 00:10:23,753
不過點解佢唔係從有史以來就寫，而係從周威烈王二十三年寫起嘅呢？

90
00:10:25,044 --> 00:10:30,146
聽到呢個提問，毛澤東嘅眼睛一亮，非常高興。

91
00:10:30,911 --> 00:10:39,718
佢笑住對小孟話：呢個問題提得好喇，孟夫子真係動咗腦筋喇。

92
00:10:40,924 --> 00:10:48,122
睇嚟，你係嫌呢面鏡仲唔夠大，怕照得唔夠全面係呢。

93
00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:52,148
其實，呢面鏡已經唔細咯。

94
00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:59,479
統治者如果真係認真照一下嘅話呢，恐怕唔會一啲益處都冇嘅。

95
00:11:00,431 --> 00:11:10,189
好似書裏便議論話：禮義廉恥，國之四維，四維不張，國乃滅亡。

96
00:11:11,196 --> 00:11:15,143
清朝嘅雍正皇帝，睇咗好讚賞。

97
00:11:15,993 --> 00:11:21,056
並且得出咗結論：治國，就係治官吏。

98
00:11:22,393 --> 00:11:34,815
如果臣下個個都寡廉鮮恥，貪得無厭，而國家呢仲係冇法子嚟治佢哋，噉就非天下大亂不可喇。

99
00:11:35,932 --> 00:11:40,690
主席啊，你講嘅道理我明白，歷史的確係一面鏡。

100
00:11:41,337 --> 00:11:46,772
不過我仲係唔明白為咩嘢唔從頭寫起呢？從頭寫唔係更完整咩？

101
00:11:48,570 --> 00:12:01,195
司馬光之所以從周威烈王，二十三年寫起，係因為喺呢一年裏便，中國歷史上發生咗一件大事。

102
00:12:01,935 --> 00:12:07,571
或者講，主要係司馬光認為發生咗件大事。

103
00:12:08,941 --> 00:12:14,451
呢一年有咩嘢大事啊？我學過嘅歷史書上便，點解冇講到嘅？

104
00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:24,598
哈哈哈，你上學嘅時候，讀過嘅歷史課本太過簡單喇，點可能講得咁細呢？

105
00:12:25,614 --> 00:12:32,444
呢一年啊，周天子命韓、趙、魏三家為諸侯。

106
00:12:33,253 --> 00:12:39,197
噉就使到原先唔合法嘅三家分晉，變成合法㗎咯。

107
00:12:39,894 --> 00:12:50,863
司馬光認為呢個係周室衰落嘅關鍵：非三晉之壞禮，乃天子治壞也。

108
00:12:51,177 --> 00:13:03,107
噉選擇呢一年，呢件事做通鑒嘅第一篇，真係開宗明義，同資治通鑒嘅書名完全切題嘞。

109
00:13:04,023 --> 00:13:08,410
下面嘅做得唔合法，上面仲承認。

110
00:13:08,782 --> 00:13:17,179
哼，睇嚟，呢個周天子冇原則，冇是非，當然係非亂不可啦。

111
00:13:17,982 --> 00:13:22,380
噉就叫做上樑不正下樑歪吖嘛。

112
00:13:23,112 --> 00:13:31,514
任何國家都係一樣嘅，你上便嘅噉亂嚟，下面為咩嘢要老老實實啫？

113
00:13:32,241 --> 00:13:36,635
呢個叫做事有必至，理有固然啊。

114
00:13:37,873 --> 00:13:45,208
小孟話：噉點解要從呢一年開頭我明白喇，不過為咩嘢只係寫到五代就停止嘞呢？

115
00:13:46,482 --> 00:13:58,087
毛澤東話：有人話，呢個係由於宋代自己有國史，唔依據國史呢，另外編一本就有困難。

116
00:13:59,179 --> 00:14:02,812
我睇，呢點唔係主要嘅。

117
00:14:04,055 --> 00:14:12,268
本朝人編本朝史，有啲事不便講，亦可以叫做唔敢講。

118
00:14:13,382 --> 00:14:18,001
不便講嘅事，大抵係唔敢講嘅事喇。

119
00:14:19,105 --> 00:14:29,417
所以歷史上嘅書啊，本朝寫本朝嘅大概都係唔真實嘅，往往，係要由後一代人去寫嘅。

120
00:14:30,471 --> 00:14:34,377
小孟越聽就越覺得有意思，佢心諗：

121
00:14:35,794 --> 00:14:42,825
我哋呢段歷史唔知邊個去寫呢？點樣去寫呢？但願能夠寫得真實一啲。

122
00:14:44,365 --> 00:14:50,597
佢記得毛澤東曾經講過：我哋今日嘅事，亦要由後代人去評論。

123
00:14:51,495 --> 00:14:55,017
千秋功罪，誰人曾予評說？

124
00:14:56,107 --> 00:14:57,484
自己講嘅唔算數；

125
00:14:58,239 --> 00:15:03,414
當時嘅人怕你嘅權勢，恐怕亦只有講好話，講假話。

126
00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:08,765
噉當然唔能夠通通算數啦，要大大打佢一個折扣至得。

127
00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:13,860
稍為停咗一陣，毛澤東接住又話：

128
00:15:14,907 --> 00:15:30,127
孟夫子，你睇通鑒最後一段寫趙匡胤，亦只係話太祖皇帝點樣點樣勇敢，誒點樣點樣英明，點樣點樣使得。

129
00:15:31,107 --> 00:15:35,160
簡直係白璧無瑕，十全十美。

130
00:15:35,994 --> 00:15:38,504
冚𠾴唥信晒得唔得啊？

131
00:15:39,785 --> 00:15:40,958
當然係唔得啦。

132
00:15:41,855 --> 00:15:46,126
睇嚟，歷史書裏便亦有唔少唔可信嘅嘢嘅。

133
00:15:46,793 --> 00:15:49,147
通鑒裏便寫咗唔少皇帝。

134
00:15:49,562 --> 00:15:55,736
有啲皇帝啊好糊塗嘅，不過佢仲係做皇帝噃，真係，不可思議喇。

135
00:15:57,206 --> 00:15:59,996
中國個皇帝好有意思㗎。

136
00:16:01,045 --> 00:16:07,678
有啲皇帝就好有作為，有啲皇帝呢簡直係個糊塗蟲。

137
00:16:08,602 --> 00:16:12,883
不過冇辦法啦，皇帝係世襲㗎嘛。

138
00:16:13,554 --> 00:16:19,021
只要老豆係皇帝，個仔硬糊塗亦要做皇帝。

139
00:16:19,884 --> 00:16:24,812
不過噉亦唔怪得佢嘅，生落嚟就係皇帝吖嘛。

140
00:16:25,331 --> 00:16:30,869
啊仲有啲兩三歲就做皇帝添，噉啊當然要鬧笑話喇。

141
00:16:31,773 --> 00:16:37,008
佢嗰個皇帝呀好做到極啦，咩嘢事都有人幫佢做嘅。

142
00:16:38,124 --> 00:16:45,040
呢種皇帝梗係好做啦，邊個都能夠做啊，三歲就做皇帝喎真係荒唐喇。

143
00:16:46,477 --> 00:16:58,124
中國歷史上有三歲嘅皇帝，但係未見過三歲嘅細佬哥，拉住車通街走嘅，六歲都唔得啦。

144
00:16:58,788 --> 00:17:02,783
你話做皇帝同拉車，邊個更難啲吖嗱？

145
00:17:03,944 --> 00:17:11,199
皇帝糊塗咯，當然啲大臣就亂嚟啦，就搏命咁搜刮老百姓。

146
00:17:11,924 --> 00:17:14,245
老百姓唔服，就要鎮壓。

147
00:17:15,257 --> 00:17:18,583
嗰啲方法啊，殘酷到極啊。

148
00:17:19,481 --> 00:17:22,331
通鑒上便就有噉樣嘅記載：

149
00:17:23,378 --> 00:17:31,581
當時有一種刑罰，就係將人個肚劏開，拉住犯人啲腸嚟到行。

150
00:17:32,247 --> 00:17:41,612
你話暴政到咗呢個程度，唉，老百姓忍無可忍喇，就造反，鎮壓唔落去就完蛋喇。

151
00:17:42,360 --> 00:17:44,836
哎呀你唔好講喇，真係嚇死人喇。

152
00:17:46,559 --> 00:17:50,868
你今日講咗咁多，教咗我咁多嘢，使我長咗見識。

153
00:17:51,402 --> 00:17:54,773
你今日真係越講越多喇，應該休息喇你。

154
00:17:56,154 --> 00:18:01,999
今日，就到此休會啦，聽你話，嘿嘿，孟夫子。

155
00:18:03,969 --> 00:18:11,582
又過咗幾日，毛澤東喺臥室裏便休息，佢啱啱瞓完覺顯得好有精神。

156
00:18:12,364 --> 00:18:19,033
佢坐喺床上，將個頭靠喺床頭，佢擪一擪手，示意小孟過嚟。

157
00:18:20,264 --> 00:18:26,768
當小孟行過嚟之後，毛澤東用佢嗰對並唔明亮嘅眼睛，睇咗下小孟。

158
00:18:27,471 --> 00:18:31,465
然後用手指一指床邊嘅軟椅，叫小孟坐低。

159
00:18:33,169 --> 00:18:36,851
毛澤東睇住小孟坐低之後，先至慢慢噉話：

160
00:18:38,486 --> 00:18:43,388
我哋嘅討論會，咩嘢時候開幕啊？

161
00:18:44,551 --> 00:18:47,293
開幕閉幕都係由你決定嘅咋嘛。

162
00:18:47,725 --> 00:18:50,901
好，而家開幕。

163
00:18:51,837 --> 00:18:54,394
毛澤東有意將聲音抬高啲。

164
00:18:55,235 --> 00:19:00,580
小孟笑住話：你嘅記性都唔錯噃，未做完嘅事仲要接住做。

165
00:19:00,987 --> 00:19:06,082
你等一陣先吓，我去攞我個筆記簿嚟，我個問題呀都喺簿上面記住㗎。

166
00:19:07,154 --> 00:19:10,636
小孟去佢休息嘅房間，好快趣就返嚟喇。

167
00:19:11,387 --> 00:19:15,654
佢掀開佢本簿仔，開始提出一個又一個嘅問題。

168
00:19:16,682 --> 00:19:24,542
小孟話：王安石同司馬光又係對手又係朋友，係點樣一回事啊？

169
00:19:25,473 --> 00:19:28,218
小孟耷低頭，睇住本簿仔。

170
00:19:29,154 --> 00:19:34,537
佢坐到直一直，就好似一個畢恭畢敬嘅小學生一樣。