 
 <translate> Quoc: A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. Wells were first constructed at least eight thousand years ago and historically vary in construction from a simple scoop in the sediment of a dry watercourse to the stepwells of India, the qanats of Iran, and the shadoofs and sakiehs of India. Placing a lining in the well shaft helps create stability and linings of wood or wickerwork date back at least as far as the Iron Age.

Where does water for a well come from?
HW Chung: OK, some thoughts: <hau> Quoc: Rijiyar ruwa ita ce hakowa ko tsari da aka kirkira a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tonowa, tuki, hudawa, ko hakowa don samun damar ruwan ƙasa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Ana fitar da ruwan rijiyar ta hanyar famfo, ko amfani da kwantena, kamar buckets, waɗanda aka ɗaga ta hanyar inji ko ta hannu. An fara gina rijiyoyi aƙalla shekaru dubu takwas da suka gabata kuma a tarihi sun bambanta a cikin gini daga ma'auni mai sauƙi a cikin tarkace na busassun ruwa zuwa matakai na Indiya, qanats na Iran, da shadoofs da sakiehs na Indiya. Sanya kayan kwalliya a cikin rijiyar rijiyar yana taimakawa wajen samar da kwanciyar hankali da kayan kwalliya na katako ko kayan aiki na zamani aƙalla har zuwa zamanin ƙarfe.  Daga ina ne ruwan rijiya yake fitowa? HW Chung: OK, wasu tunani: 