Tughra (i.e., seal or signature) of Abdülaziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876). An explanation of the different elements composing the tughra can be found here.
Egypt State Information Service: http://www.sis.gov.eg/PDF/Ar/History/0809000000000000210002.pdf
The original PDF document from which this tughra was cropped is also hosted on Commons: File:Tughras.pdf
Unknown court calligrapher. SVG by Matankic