Diachronic territorial extension of the main Catholic kingdoms and empires and their sphere of activity or influence at designated points in history:
- Roman Empire, 4th c. - Spanish Empire, 18th c. - Portuguese Empire, 18th c. - French Empire, 18th c. - Austro-Hungarian Empire, 20th c. - Holy Roman Empire, 16th c. - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 17th c. - Union of Kalmar, 15th c. - Kingdom of England, 15th c.

- Kingdom of Scotland, 15th c.
Own work
Nagihuin