A graph showing an FM modulated signal. The modulating (message) and carrier signals are given respectively as:

xm(t)=0.65[0.2sin⁡(t)+0.5cos⁡(2t)+cos⁡(4.5t)]{\displaystyle x_{m}(t)=0.65\left[0.2\sin(t)+0.5\cos(2t)+\cos(4.5t)\right]}
xc(t)=Acos⁡(2πfc){\displaystyle x_{c}(t)=A\cos(2\pi f_{c})\,}where

A=2{\displaystyle A=2\,}
fc=3{\displaystyle f_{c}=3\,}The modulated signal is then given by:

y(t)Acos⁡(2π∫0t[fc+xm(τ)fΔ]dτ){\displaystyle y(t)A\cos \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}\left[f_{c}+x_{m}(\tau )f_{\Delta }\right]\,d\tau \right)}where the frequency deviation is given by:

fΔ=0.15{\displaystyle f_{\Delta }=0.15\,}
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