* Medieval south India: chieftaincies in Chera kingdom and Chola mandalams
Based on the map provided by Noboru Karishma (who credits Y. Subbarayalu) in A Concise History of South India (2014). Some elements missing from Karashima's map have been sourced from Subbarayalu's book directly. The spellings are as per Karashima (2014).Neither of the sources noted above explicitly date the map (to the 11th century). But the map is displayed in the context of the establishment of the Chola mandalams in the reigns of Raja Raja Chola (r. c. 985 – c. 1014 CE) and Rajendra Chola (r. c. 1014 – c. 1044 CE).
Another version of the same chapter hosted on academia.edu by a JNU academic provides the caption, Chieftaincies in the Chera Kingdom and the Chola-mandalams, ca. 1100 for an almost identical map.
Own work
Cpt.a.haddock