Geographical distribution of Black scoter.   Breeding  Migration  Nonbreeding
BirdLife International. 2016. Melanitta americana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22732425A95046903. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22732425A95046903.en. Downloaded on 29 June 2018.
Cephas