An energy band diagram showing energy levels of layers in a typical SHJ (silicon heterojunction) solar cell. The diagram illustrates the contact selectivity of the doped amorphous layers, the difference in band gaps between layers (ie. the heterojunction), quantum tunneling (double arrows) and the degenerate semiconducting ITO. ITO = Indium tin oxide; EV = Valence band energy; EC = conduction band energy; EF = Fermi Level energy; a-Si:H = hydrogenated amorphous silicon; c-Si = crystalline silicon, Φ = work functions; e- = electrons; h+ = holes; i = intrinsic; E = energy; x = displacement
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