Temperature distribution seen on a tungsten carbide turning tool (grade P20) operating at a cutting speed of 60m/min, chip thickness of 0,32mm, and effective rake angle of 10°.
The forces created by the shearing process, when a cutting tool (drehmeißelschneide) is guided through a workpiece (werkstück) which creates a chip (span), are taken by the tool and the toolholder on one side, and on the other side by the workpiece itself. This action creates a compressed surface at the blank after machining. The compressed machined surface adds up to the larger cutting forces and is to be taken into account if the workpiece is to be machined a second time (finishing).
The Temperature (wärmefluss) arising as a result of the chipping process (from friction and mechanical deformation) is dissipated as show: 75% contained in the chip, 18% tool, 7% into the workpiece

(from Vieregge, G: Zerspanung der Eisenwerkstoffe, Stahleisen-Bücher, Band 16, 2. Auflage Düsseldorf, Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H. 1970)
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David W.