Total synthesis of (+)-Absinthin was conducted in 2004 by Zhang, et al. The final yield reported for the synthesis was 18.6% over a course of 10 steps originating from Santonin (1), a commercially available reagent. The basis of the synthesis was the ring expansion of the original 6-membered carbon ring to the 7-membered ring, engendering the formation of the guaianolide monomer (2) scaffold, followed by Diels Alder coupling (3) and final stereochemical modifications resulting in (+)-Absinthin (4).