Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.  In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.
In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO to give bicarbonates and carbonates:
:MOH  +  CO  →   M(HCO)
:MO  +  CO  →   MCO