A process for electrochemical production of titanium through the reduction of titanium oxide in a calcium chloride solution was first described in a 1904 German patent, and later in a US patent by Carl Marcus Olson.
The FFC Cambridge process was developed by George Chen, Derek Fray, and Thomas Farthing between 1996 and 1997 at the University of Cambridge. (The name FFC derives from the first letters of the last names of the inventors).  The intellectual property relating to the technology has been acquired by Metalysis, (Sheffield, UK).