Since 1978, the institute has operated a nationwide air quality monitoring network. Sponsored by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) since 1990. Receptor modelling techniques are used. CSIR-NEERI is involved in the design and development of air pollution control systems.
The institute has also developed a water purification system called NEERI ZAR. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Institute developed guidelines for deflouridation techniques. They have sometimes formed a departure point for the development of other techniques. The Institute tests samples for research on deflouridation and the measurement of particulate matter in air.
The institute has been entrusted by the courts to provide an inspection of the current environmental and legal framework.