Some techniques commonly used in bioanalytical studies include:
*Hyphenated techniques
**LC–MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry)
**GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry)
**LC–DAD (liquid chromatography–diode array detection)
**CE–MS (capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry)
*Chromatographic methods
**HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)
**GC (gas chromatography)
**UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography)
**Supercritical fluid chromatography
*Electrophoresis
*Ligand binding assays
**Dual polarisation interferometry
**ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
**MIA (magnetic immunoassay)
**RIA (radioimmunoassay)
*Mass spectrometry
*Nuclear magnetic resonance
The most frequently used techniques are: liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for small molecules and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for macromolecules.