The preparation of closo-dicarbadodecaboranes was reported independently by groups at Olin Corporation and the Reaction Motors Division of Thiokol Chemical Corporation working under the U.S. Air Force  and published in 1963. These groups demonstrated the high stability in air of 1,2-closo-dodecaborane and related compounds, presented a general synthesis, described the transformation of substituents without destroying the carborane cluster, and demonstrated the ortho to meta isomerization.