The biosynthesis of fatty acids begins with acetyl-CoA precursors that are brought together to make long straight chain lipids. Acetyl-CoA is produced in aerobic organisms by pyruvate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that has been shown to express a large, 2.3% isotope effect on the C2 site of pyruvate and a small fractionation on the C3 site. These become the odd and even carbon positions of fatty acids respectively and in theory would result in a pattern of C depletions and enrichments at odd and even positions, respectively. In 1982, Monson and Hayes developed technology for measuring the position specific carbon isotope abundances of fatty acids. Their experiments on Escherichia coli revealed the predicted relative C enrichments at odd numbered carbon sites. However, this pattern was not found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that were fed glucose. Instead, its fatty acids were C enriched at the odd positions. This has been interpreted as either a product of isotope effects during fatty acid degradation or the intramolecular isotopic heterogeneity of glucose that ultimately is reflected in the position-specific patterns of fatty acids.