The School of Chemistry was established as a part of the Faculty of Science in 1882. However, chemistry was taught at the University of Sydney since 1852. A purpose-built building was constructed on what was later named Science Road starting in 1888 and was completed in 1890. The building was designed largely by Archibald Liversidge, Professor of Chemistry and the first Dean of the Faculty of Science. The original Chemistry Building is now used by the Sydney Pharmacy School.
In 1945, a large fibro-cement building (known as "Tramsheds") was constructed for use by chemistry students until the current Chemistry Building opened in 1958. The current Chemistry Building is notable in architectural history as one of the first structures in Australia with a curtain wall design.