Charles Kettering, vice president of General Motors Research Corporation, was seeking a refrigerant replacement that would be colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, and nonflammable. He assembled a team that included Thomas Midgley, Jr., Albert Leon Henne, and Robert McNary. From 1930 to 1935, they developed dichlorodifluoromethane (CClF or R12), trichlorofluoromethane (CClF or R11), chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF or R22), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CClFCClF or R113), and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CClFCClF or R114), through Kinetic Chemicals which was a joint venture between DuPont and General Motors.