The organization of the components for artificial photosynthesis is crucial.  Natural photosynthesis can be divided in three steps:
* Light-harvesting complexes in bacteria and plants capture photons and transduce them into electrons, injecting them into the photosynthetic chain.
* Proton-coupled electron transfer along several cofactors of the photosynthetic chain, causing local, spatial charge separation.
* Redox catalysis, which uses the aforementioned transferred electrons to oxidize water to dioxygen and protons; these protons can in some species be utilized for dihydrogen production.
These processes could be replicated by a triad assembly, which could oxidize water at one catalyst, reduce protons at another, and have a photosensitizer molecule to power the whole system