*Major categories of bio-compounds:
**Carbohydrates : sugar – disaccharide – polysaccharide – starch – glycogen
**Lipids : fatty acid – fats – essential oils – oils – waxes – cholesterol
**Nucleic acids : DNA – RNA – mRNA – tRNA – rRNA – codon – adenosine – cytosine – guanine – thymine – uracil
**Proteins :
***amino acid – glycine – arginine – lysine
***peptide – primary structure – secondary structure – tertiary structure – conformation – protein folding
*Chemical properties:
**molecular bond – covalent bond – ionic bond – hydrogen bond – ester – ethyl
**molecular charge – hydrophilic – hydrophobic – polar
**pH – acid – alkaline – base
**oxidation – reduction – hydrolysis
*Structural compounds:
**In cells: flagellin – peptidoglycan – myelin – actin – myosin
**In animals: chitin – keratin – collagen – silk
**In plants: cellulose – lignin – cell wall
*Enzymes and enzyme activity:
**enzyme kinetics – enzyme inhibition
**proteolysis – ubiquitin – proteasome
**kinase – dehydrogenase
*Membranes : fluid mosaic model – diffusion – osmosis
**phospholipids – glycolipid – glycocalyx – antigen – isoprene
**ion channel – proton pump – electron transport – ion gradient – antiporter – symporter – quinone – riboflavin
*Energy pathways :
**pigments : chlorophyll – carotenoids – xanthophyll – cytochrome – phycobilin – bacteriorhodopsin – hemoglobin – myoglobin – absorption spectrum – action spectrum – fluorescence
**Photosynthesis : light reaction – dark reaction
**Fermentation : Acetyl-CoA – lactic acid
**Cellular respiration : Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – NADH – pyruvate – oxalate – citrate
**Chemosynthesis
*Regulation
**hormones : auxin
**signal transduction – growth factor – transcription factor – protein kinase – SH3 domain
**Malfunctions : tumor – oncogene – tumor suppressor gene
**Receptors : Integrin – transmembrane receptor – ion channel
*Techniques : electrophoresis – chromatography – mass spectrometry – x-ray diffraction – Southern blot – fractionation – Gram stain – Surface Plasmon Resonance  – Microscale Thermophoresis