He received bachelors and doctoral degrees from the Imperial University of Tokyo. He studied under Professor Kenjiro Kimura.
His first paper was published in 1935. He focused mostly on radio and cosmochemistry, and most of his 40 papers published prior to 1944 are about the chemistry of hot springs. In 1944, he became the youngest faculty member of the Imperial University of Tokyo, and after World War II, despite the ban on radiochemistry in Japan, he continued to study radiochemistry until 1949.
On arrival to the United States in 1949, he met with nuclear chemist, Glenn Seaborg. He became an assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Arkansas in 1952, becoming a US citizen in 1955.
In 1956, Kuroda was the first to propose that natural self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions were possible. Such a reactor was discovered in September 1972 in the Oklo Mines of Gabon.
He became the first Edgar Wertheim Distinguished Professor of Chemistry in 1979, he officially retired from the University of Arkansas in 1987.