In covalent bond classification, a Z-type ligand refers to a ligand that accepts two electrons from the metal center. This is in contrast to X-type ligands, which form a bond with the ligand and metal center each donating one electron, and L-type ligands, which form a bond with the ligand donating two electrons. Typically, these Z-type ligands are Lewis acids, or electron acceptors. They are also known as zero-electron reagents.