Robert Guillaumont is a specialist in radiochemistry and actinide chemistry. He prepared his doctorate at the Institut radium de Paris, Curie Laboratory, University of Paris VI (1966). He continued his research in this Institute and then at the Radiochemistry Laboratory of the Orsay  (1968–98), which he directed for twelve years (1979–90). He taught chemistry/radiochemistry at the University of Paris XI-Orsay (1967–98). His expertise covers the chemistry of the nuclear fuel cycle (from uranium mining to waste management and spent fuel reprocessing) and nuclear energy issues. He has been a member or chairman of numerous French and international committees dealing with the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear energy, radioactive waste management and the synthesis and use of radionuclides for medicine. He was a member of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research on Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste (1994-2019).