Combinations of the above techniques produce "hybrid" or "hyphenated" techniques. Several examples are in popular use today and new hybrid techniques are under development.
Hyphenated separation techniques refer to a combination of two or more techniques to separate chemicals from solutions and detect them. Most often, the other technique is some form of chromatography. Hyphenated techniques are widely used in chemistry and biochemistry. A slash is sometimes used instead of hyphen, especially if the name of one of the methods contains a hyphen itself.
Examples of hyphenated techniques:
*Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
*Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
*Liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (LC-IR)
*High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS)
*Chromatography-diode-array detection (LC-DAD)
*Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS)
*Capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (CE-UV)
*Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry
*Prolate trochoidal mass spectrometer