Although turbulence leads to unpredictable results in the time domain, it can, to some extent, be characterized in the frequency domain. Turbulent fluctuations are dominated by low frequency components, with higher frequency components having less influence. For further information, see Kolmogorov's theory on turbulence.
Several models of frequency domain representations of point wind speeds have been developed: the von Kármán wind turbulence model and Dryden Wind Turbulence Model are examples of such.