The most common chemicals used for DNA extraction include:
# Detergents, such as SDS or Tween-20, which are used to break open cells and release the DNA.
# Protease enzymes, such as Proteinase K, which are used to digest proteins that may be binding to the DNA.
# Phenol and chloroform, which are used to separate the DNA from other cellular components.
# Ethanol or isopropanol, which are used to precipitate the DNA.
# Salt, such as NaCl, which is often used to help dissolve the DNA and maintain its stability.
# EDTA, which is used to chelate the metals ions that can damage the DNA.
# Tris-HCL, which is used to maintain the pH at the optimal condition for DNA extraction.