Note that domain  does not have to be a 2D domain: the method is applicable to higher dimensional domains using multidimensional noise fields. However, the visualization of the higher-dimensional LIC texture is problematic; one way is to use interactive exploration with 2D slices that are manually positioned and rotated. The domain  does not have to be flat either; the LIC texture can be computed also for arbitrarily shaped 2D surfaces in 3D space.