Other options besides traditional NMR spectroscopy for sequence analysis are listed here; these include Kerr-effect for characterization of polymer microstructures, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, depolymerization (controlled chemical degradation of macromolecules) via chain-end depolymerization (i.e., unzipping) and nanopore analysis (most of such reported studies, however, have focused on poly(ethylene glycol), PEG).