Many decarboxylative cross coupling reactions involve the breaking of C–COOH bonds, therefore subsequent studies have attempted to enable cross coupling with </sub>C carboxylic acids. One such reaction by Shang et al. described a palladium catalyzed cross coupling that enables the formation of functionalized pyridines, pyrazines, quinolines, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles. The position of the nitrogen atom in the 2 position relative to the linkage is found to be required, therefore implying its binding to Pd in a transition state.