For the C. finmarchicus species specifically, the start of reproduction is linked to the start of the spring bloom. Thus, changes in the timing of the spring bloom would directly influence the reproductive capabilities of C. finmarchicus and alter the food chain from the bottom-up. However, the food chain could also be altered from the top-down through habitat disturbance and the removal of marine mammals and fish. Large-scale commercial fisheries exert top-down effects by lowering the abundance of larger species and increasing the amount of lipid-rich copepods and even paving way for other species to consume them. Under warming ocean conditions, prey switching is to be expected. Egg production and hatching success may also be affected with increasing sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification.