Rivers can also transport organic carbon to the ocean through weathering or erosion of aluminosilicate (equation 7) and carbonate rocks (equation 8) on land,
or by the decomposition of life (equation 5, e.g. plant and soil material). Rivers contribute roughly equal amounts (~0.4 GtC/yr) of DIC and DOC to the oceans.  It is estimated that approximately 0.8 GtC (DIC + DOC) is transported annually from the rivers to the ocean.  The rivers that flow into Chesapeake Bay (Susquehanna, Potomac, and James rivers) input approximately 0.004 Gt (6.5 x 10 moles) DIC per year. The total carbon transport of rivers represents approximately 0.02% of the total carbon in the atmosphere.  Though it seems small, over long time scales (1000 to 10,000 years) the carbon that enters rivers (and therefore does not enter the atmosphere) serves as a stabilizing feedback for greenhouse warming.