For a Bragg peak , the observed integrated intensity, , as determined from numerical integration is
where  is the total number of data points in the range of the Bragg peak. The integrated intensity depends on multiple factors, and can be expressed as the following product:
where:
* : scale factor
* : multiplicity factor, which accounts for symmetrically equivalent points in the reciprocal lattice
* : Lorentz multiplier, defined by diffraction geometry
* : polarization factor
* : absorption multiplier
* : preferred orientation factor
* : extinction factor (often neglected as it is usually insignificant in powders)
* : structure factor as determined by the crystal structure of the material