* Foreign DNA inserted
* Insertional mutagenesis (but not lethal for the plant cell – as the organism is diploid)
* Transformation DNA fed to rodents ends up in their phagocytes and rarely in other cells. Specifically, this refers to bacterial and M13 DNA. (This preferential accumulation in phagocytes is thought to be real and not a detection artefact since these DNA sequences are thought to provoke phagocytosis.) However, no gene expression is known to have resulted, and this is not thought to be possible.