Various cellular reactions to ultrasound indicate the mechanism of molecular uptake via endocytosis. These observed reactionary phenomena include ion exchange, hydrogen peroxide, and cell intracellular calcium concentration. Studies have used patch clamping techniques to monitor membrane potential ion exchange for the role of endocytosis in sonoporation. Ultrasound application to cells and adjacent microbubbles was shown to produce marked cell membrane hyperpolarization along with progressive intracellular calcium increase, which is believed to be a consequence of calcium channels opening in response to microbubble oscillations. These findings act as support for ultrasound application inducing calcium-mediated uncoating of clathrin-coated pits seen in traditional endocytosis pathways. Other work reported sonoporation induced the formation of hydrogen peroxide, a cellular reaction that is also known to be involved with endocytosis.