Fougèrite is a relatively recently described naturally occurring green rust mineral. It is the archetype of the fougèrite group in the larger hydrotalcite supergroup of naturally occurring layered double hydroxides. The structure is based on brucite-like layers containing Fe and Fe cations, O and OH anions, with loosely bound [CO] groups and HO molecules between the layers. Fougèrite crystallizes in trigonal system. The ideal formula for fougèrite is [FeFe(OH)][CO]·3HO. Higher degrees of oxidation produce the other members of the fougèrite group, namely trébeurdenite, [FeFeO(OH)][CO]·3HO and mössbauerite, [FeO(OH)][CO]·3HO.
Fougèrite was first found in forested soils near Fougères, Brittany, France, and recognised as a valid mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association in 2002. It is blue-green to bluish-gray in colour, and resembles clay minerals in habit, forming hexagonal platelets of submicron diameter. In this environment, it is intimately intergrown with trébeurdenite, to give varying overall ratios of Fe:Fe. The existence of two intergrown fixed-composition phases has been demonstrated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The mineral is unstable in air, and decomposes by oxidation, dehydration and decarbonation, to ferrihydrite, and ultimately to lepidocrocite or goethite, FeO(OH).