Recent progress in the field of microfluidics has led to the development of microdroplets, a new drug-delivery system that uses uniform droplets to deliver drugs to specific locations within the body. These microdroplets allow researchers to load drugs during the polymerization step of their formation and provide variations in porosity, which can control the time it takes to release a therapeutic payload. Thus, by using the natural process of chemotaxis, researchers aim to guide these tiny droplets by using chemical gradients released by a specific cell, tissue, or organ within the body. In fact, a few examples of microdroplet systems that use chemotaxis are self-propelling, ionic liquid-based, and synthetic base. These microdroplet-based drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery methods, which are talked about later in the advantage and limitations subsection of this article. Overall, the development of microdroplet-based drug delivery systems using the phenomenon of chemotaxis is just one of may avenues to potentially revolutionize the field of medicine and targeted drug delivery.