When an electrically conductive electrode placed without a direct connection, in the same electrolyte, between an anode and cathode in an electrochemical cell with sufficient voltage being applied; the electrode will experience simultaneous cathodic and anodic reaction at both extremes. This means, the conductive electrode will become a bipolar electrode (BPE); an electrically conductive material in contact with an ionically conductive electrolyte with no direct electronic connection with power supply, that promotes electrochemical (reduction and oxidation) reactions at its both ends (poles); which mean it is a cathode and anode at the same time. This occurs due to: