Biodistribution is a method of tracking where compounds of interest travel in an experimental animal or human subject.  For example, in the development of new compounds for PET (positron emission tomography) scanning, a radioactive isotope is chemically joined with a peptide (subunit of a protein).  This particular class of isotopes emits positrons (which are antimatter particles, equal in mass to the electron, but with a positive charge).  When ejected from the nucleus, positrons encounter an electron, and undergo annihilation which produces two gamma rays travelling in opposite directions.  These gamma rays can be measured, and when compared to a standard, quantified.