Diebold has served in a number of editorial roles and on a number of advisory boards for scientific journals. These include:
* 2003–present Surface Science Reports advisory editorial board
* 2006 – 2007    Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter Surface, Interface and Atomic-Scale Science editorial board 
* 2006 – 2007   Chemical Physics, guest editor of special issue "Doping and Functionalization of Photoactive Semiconducting Metal Oxides" with C. Di Valentin and A. Selloni 
* 2007 – 2010 Open Journal of Physical Chemistry, advisory editorial board 
* 2009 - 2009 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter "guest editor of special issue on Non-thermal Processes on Surfaces, dedicated to the memory of Theodore E Madey and perspectives on surface science" with Thomas M. Orlando 
* 2016–present npj Quantum Materials, advisory editorial board member 
* 2017 – 2019 ACS Energy Letters, editorial advisory board 
* 2019 – 2021 Physical Review Research, editorial board 
* 2020 – 2021 Science, board of reviewing editors