In general terms, chemotaxis is a biological process where living entities, such as cells or organisms, detect, maneuver, and react in response to a chemical signal in their environment. Such a phenomenon is critical for many biological processes, including but not limited to wound healing, detection of food, and avoidance of many toxins. Chemotaxis also plays an essential role in serval diseases, such as tumor metastasis, the recruitment of T-lymphocytes during inflammation, and HIV-1 entry into T cells. At the core of chemotaxis are specialized sensory cells called chemoreceptors. These cells allow an organism to detect chemical molecules within its environment and respond accordingly. Such chemical molecules are either known as chemoattractants or chemorepellents, which play a crucial role in attracting or repelling the organism towards or away from the source of the chemical signal, respectively. Thus, with this natural process of chemotaxis in mind, researchers have sought to apply the same phenomenon to targeted drug delivery, a medical technique aimed at delivering drugs to a specific cell, tissue, or organ within the body while minimizing its disruptive effects on healthy tissue. By using both chemotaxes to help guide the drug delivery process, researchers aim to reduce toxicity by avoiding healthy tissues, improve drug efficacy by focusing only on the intended site, and decrease drug dosage by delivering the directly rather than throughout the whole body.