Schlögl was one of the pioneers of the research into the geometric structure of organic compounds and the resulting mechanisms of their chemical reactions. He has been very successful with his work on new pharmaceutical substances.
Schlögl authored and co-authored over 200 scientific publications and was an inventor on four patents. He supervised 51 dissertations of his doctoral students.
Schlögl's main field of research since about 1963 was stereochemistry, and in 1970 he began to shift his focus specifically on the chirality of organic compounds.