A 2016 compared AVECs ability to induce apoptosis and necrosis in HER2+ breast cancer compared to the commonly used drug Trastuzumab. It found that the cells was treated with AVEC had a statistically significant higher amount of both apoptosis and necrosis. The percentage of necrotic cells due to treatment with AVEC more than tripled compared to necrotic cells due to treatment with Trastuzumab.