Autoreceptor inhibition leads to increase respective neurotransmitter release. Major autoreceptor which clinically important are alpha 2(adrenergic receptor subtype 2), H 3(histamine receptor subtype 3), 5 HT 1(serotonin receptor subtype 1). In which respective drugs act are Clonidine on alpha 2 as Agonist used in hypertension which reduce release of norepinephrine and epinephrine from presynaptic neurons. Tizanidine used as centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant is also act on alpha 2. 5 HT 1A is target of Buspirone which act as a partial Agonist and used as Atypical non sedative anxiolytic.5HT 1B/1D receptor Agonist are Triptans and Ergot alkaloids which used in treatment of migraine. 5 HT 1F receptor subtype Agonist drug lesmiditan also used in treatment of migraine. H 3 receptor antagonist Pitolisant used in narcolepsy. As an example, norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons may interact with the alpha-2A and alpha-2C adrenoreceptors to inhibit further release of norepinephrine. Similarly, acetylcholine released from parasympathetic neurons may interact with M and M receptors to inhibit further release of acetylcholine. An atypical example is given by the β-adrenergic autoreceptor in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system, which acts to increase transmitter release.
The D2sh autoreceptor has been shown recently to interact with the trace amine-assorted receptor 1 (TAAR1), a G-Coupled Protein Receptor GPCR, to regulate monoaminergic systems in the brain. Active TAAR1 opposes the autoreceptor's activity by inactivating the dopamine transporter (DAT). In their review of TAAR1 in monoaminergic systems, Xie and Miller proposed this schematic: synaptic dopamine binds to the dopamine autoreceptor, which activates the DAT. Dopamine enters the presynaptic cells and binds to TAAR1, which increases adenylyl cyclase activity. This eventually allows for the translation of trace amines in the cytoplasm and activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, which further activate TAAR1 and dump dopamine into the synapse. Through a series of phosphorylation events related to PKA and PKC, active TAAR1 inactivates DAT, preventing uptake of dopamine from the synapse. The presence of two Postsynaptic receptors with opposite abilities to regulate monoamine transporter function allows for regulation of the monoaminergic system.
Autoreceptor activity may also decrease paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). A feedback cell is activated by the (partially) depolarized post-synaptic neuron. The feedback cell releases a neurotransmitter to which the autoreceptor of the presynaptic neuron is receptive. The autoreceptor causes the inhibition of calcium channels (slowing calcium ion influx) and the opening of potassium channels (increasing potassium ion efflux) in the presynaptic membrane. These changes in ion concentration effectively diminish the amount of the original neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft. This causes a final depression on the activity of the postsynaptic neuron. Thus the feedback cycle is complete.