Coherent microwave scattering is a diagnostic technique used in the characterization of classical microplasmas. In this technique, the plasma to be studied is irradiated with a long-wavelength microwave field relative to the characteristic spatial dimensions of the plasma. For plasmas with sufficiently low skin-depths, the target is periodically polarized in a uniform fashion, and the scattered field can be measured and analyzed. In this case, the emitted radiation resembles that of a short-dipole predominantly determined by electron contributions rather than ions. The scattering is correspondingly referred to as constructive elastic. Various properties can be derived from the measured radiation such as total electron numbers, electron number densities (if the plasma volume is known), local magnetic fields through magnetically-induced depolarization, and electron collision frequencies for momentum transfer through the scattered phase. Notable advantages of the technique include a high sensitivity, ease of calibration using a dielectric scattering sample, good temporal resolution, low shot noise, non-intrusive probing, species-selectivity when coupled with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), single-shot acquisition, and the capability of time-gating due to continuous scanning.