VHL综合征相关胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(VHL-pNEN)多无功能，但有恶变倾向，治疗措施包括定期随访、手术治疗及药物治疗等。
Most of the VHL-related pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmas (VHL-pNEN)were non-functional, but they still have a tendency to be malignant. Treatment options for VHL-pNEN include regular follow-up, surgical resection, and medication therapy.