到1990年代，高出生率和婴儿死亡率下降在整个穆斯林中产生了一个共同的问题，大量、稳步增加的年轻男子，而没有任何合理的期望，没有合理期望获得适当或稳定的就业，这是造成社会动荡的肯定处方。
By the 1990s, high birthrates and declining rates of infant mortality had produced a common problem throughout the Muslim  a large, steadily increasing population of young men without any reasonable expectation of suitable or steady employment-a sure prescription for social turbulence.