ρ介子可被視為自發破缺規範對稱的規範玻色子，具有突現的局部特點（從QCD而來）。注意破缺的規範對稱（也叫隱藏局部對稱），與作用於  味 的總體手性對稱是有區別的。哈沃德·喬吉在他的一篇論文《手性對稱的向量極限》中，就有描述這一點，論文中他還把大部份有關隱藏局部對稱的文獻，歸入非線性σ模型。
Three examples of his model building are the chiral color model , in 1987 , which predicts axigluon s ; the 331 model , in 1992 , which can explain the number of quark-lepton generations , and predicts bilepton s ; his proposal , in 1995 , of the binary tetrahedral group as a  flavor symmetry .
两词在上述语境中含义相同。