# Dungeons &amp; Dragons

Wikipedia has an article about:
Dungeons &amp; Dragons

Dungeons &amp; Dragons (or D&amp;D for short) was the first modern tabletop roleplaying game. The original edition was published in 1974, and NetHack draws from it a huge number of monsters, items and concepts, as well as the turn-based probabilistic gameplay style - core game concepts taken into NetHack from D&amp;D include hit points, armor class, the six basic attributes, and alignment. While NetHack draws from many, many sources, the D&amp;D games may well have been its biggest single influence.

Contents

1 Monsters and items
2 Spell-casting
3 List of D&amp;D monsters
4 List of D&amp;D items and spells
5 Variants

5.1 SLASH'EM
5.2 dNetHack
5.3 EvilHack

6 See also

Monsters and items
Much of the NetHack bestiary originates as creations for the D&amp;D games, such as gelatinous cubes and mind flayers. Much of the taxonomy of magical items is familiar to D&amp;D players as well: potions with (mostly) temporary effects, scrolls that disappear when read, rings that modify statistics or give intrinsic powers when worn (and only one can be worn per hand), wands with charges, and so forth.
D&amp;D (and by extension NetHack) has always been wildly eclectic, drawing on ancient folklores, contemporary fantasy literature, and the occasional bad pun from our modern world. One example of this is Vorpal Blade, which is a magical item in D&amp;D (with the same 5% probability of decapitation), but is a reference to the Lewis Carroll poem "Jabberwocky". D&amp;D once featured a pair of published game adventures set in a world based on Carroll's works, with mad hatters and cheshire cats as well as jabberwocks.

Spell-casting
One of the many key differences between D&amp;D and NetHack is the spellcasting system:

In D&amp;D, spellcasters are able to learn a fixed number of spells each day, based on experience level, and must specify the spells in advance. For instance, a magic user might specify magic missile, wizard lock, knock, and lightning bolt, and that would be it for the day—no refunds, no exchanges. Class-based restrictions are much more of an issue in D&amp;D as well - magic users (wizards) and clerics (priests) are the primary spellcasters, and other classes have little to no ability to do any casting at all (and can't even read most scrolls). On the other hand, magic users are not even permitted to wear armor or use all but a few weapons (notably dagger and staff), and clerics are not allowed to use pointed or edged weapons.
In NetHack 3.2.3 and prior versions, spell-casting was closer to a "Vancian" system. Starting with NetHack 3.3.0, spell-casting is based on a combination of magical energy points and occasional re-memorization of spells.
List of D&amp;D monsters
The following is a non-exhaustive list of monsters from various Dungeons &amp; Dragons media that appear in NetHack, arranged roughly in order of monster class; some monsters derived from other works of fantasy and related fiction (e.g., the orcs of J. R. R. Tolkien) may not be included. NetHack has generally adapted monsters directly from the Monster Manuals of the early editions, with adjustments made to their AC and hit dice accordingly. 

Angelic beings:
A&nbsp;Aleax
A&nbsp;Angel
A&nbsp;Archon
A&nbsp;couatl
A&nbsp;ki-rin
D&nbsp;Chromatic Dragon
E&nbsp;stalker
H&nbsp;ettin
Puddings:
P&nbsp;black pudding
P&nbsp;green slime
Rust monster or disenchanter:
R&nbsp;rust monster
R&nbsp;disenchanter
T&nbsp;troll
U&nbsp;umber hulk
X&nbsp;xorn
b&nbsp;gelatinous cube
Cockatrices:
c&nbsp;cockatrice
c&nbsp;pyrolisk
e&nbsp;floating eye
Humanoids:
h&nbsp;bugbear
h&nbsp;mind flayer
h&nbsp;master mind flayer
Piercers:
p&nbsp;rock piercer
p&nbsp;iron piercer
p&nbsp;glass piercer
q&nbsp;leocrotta
Trapper or lurker above:
t&nbsp;trapper
t&nbsp;lurker above
Major demons:
&amp;&nbsp;marilith
&amp;&nbsp;vrock
Demon lords:
&amp;&nbsp;Juiblex
&amp;&nbsp;Yeenoghu
Demon princes:
&amp;&nbsp;Asmodeus
&amp;&nbsp;Baalzebub
&amp;&nbsp;Demogorgon
&amp;&nbsp;Dispater
&amp;&nbsp;Geryon
&amp;&nbsp;Orcus
:&nbsp;salamander
@&nbsp;doppelganger
Werecreatures:
@ / r&nbsp;wererat
@ / d&nbsp;werejackal
@ / d&nbsp;werewolf
Defunct and deferred monsters
e&nbsp;beholder
q osquip
List of D&amp;D items and spells
The following list is non-exhaustive and describes items in NetHack that are primarily or entirely derived from Dungeons &amp; Dragons.

Weapons:
) aklys
) katana
) all polearms
) war hammer
Armor
[ chain mail
[ cloak of displacement
[ studded leather armor
Spells
+ turn undead
Gray stones:
* loadstone
* luckstone
Variants
Multiple variants take varying amounts of additional inspiration from Dungeons &amp; Dragons, depending on that variant's design philosophies; non-exhaustive lists of inspired monsters and features are shown below.

SLASH'EM
SLASH'EM includes several additional monsters derived from or inspired by Dungeons &amp; Dragons:

Angelic beings
Devas:
A&nbsp;movanic deva
A&nbsp;monadic deva
A&nbsp;astral deva
A&nbsp;Planetar
A&nbsp;Solar
L&nbsp;Vecna
The Hand of Vecna
e&nbsp;beholder
f&nbsp;caterwaul
f&nbsp;kamadan
s&nbsp;phase spider
@&nbsp;gibberling
@&nbsp;grimlock
Werecreatures:
@ / f&nbsp;werepanther
@ / f&nbsp;weretiger
@ / S&nbsp;weresnake
@ / s&nbsp;werespider
:&nbsp;basilisk
:&nbsp;rhaumbusun
dNetHack
dNetHack draws heavily from various editions of Dungeons &amp; Dragons and mixes them with the Cthulhu Mythos among other influences.

EvilHack
EvilHack draws more specifically from earlier editions of Advanced Dungeons &amp; Dragons for its updated bestiary, additional items, and existing item changes.

See also
Dungeons and Dragons Wiki
"Dungeon Master: The Life and Legacy of Gary Gygax"—Wired.com
Forgotten Realms Wiki on FANDOM, via breezewiki.com