# Price identification/ko
가격 감정은 아이템의 가격을 이용하여 감정을 시도하는 전략입니다.  플레이어는 상점의 아이템 가격인 구매 가격을 이용하거나, 당신이 아이템을 판매하고자 할 때 상점지기가 제시하는 판매 가격을 이용할 수 있습니다. 판매 가격은 당신의 카리스마에 영향을 받지 않기 때문에 이용하기가 더 쉽습니다. 만약 당신이 감정의 두루마리를 충분히 가지고 있고 아무 conduct도 염두에 두고 있지 않다고 해도, 가격 매기기는 당신이 그 두루마리들을 축복할 수 있게 되기도 전에 사용할 수 있게 해줍니다. 왜냐하면 이것은 가장 중요한 아이템들을 가리키고 있기 때문입니다.
넷핵 3.6.0부터는 상점 주인의 가격에 작은 변화를 주어, 기존의 가격표와 약간 달라집니다.(1–2 조크미드 정도)

Contents

1 기본 가격
2 판매 가격
3 구매 가격
4 Pricing and dupes
5 3.4.3 vs 3.6.0
6 Artifacts
7 Further strategies

7.1 Common uses
7.2 강력한 완드 훔치기

8 가격 표

8.1 마법 방어구

8.1.1 신발
8.1.2 Cloaks
8.1.3 다른 갑옷

8.2 두루마리
8.3 포션
8.4 반지
8.5 완드
8.6 주문서

9 Variants

9.1 SLASH'EM
9.2 UnNetHack
9.3 GruntHack
9.4 Slash'EM_Extended

10 References
11 External links

기본 가격
기본 가격이란 다음의 기준들에 따라 정해지는 가격을 의미합니다:[1][2]

부분적으로 먹은 음식, 저주받지 않은 물, 그리고 (x:-1) 완드의 기본 가격은 0입니다.
양수값의 강화 수치를 가진 갑옷과 무기(무기 도구가 아닙니다)에 대해서는, 강화 수치 1마다 10 조크미드가 추가됩니다. 음수값의 강화 수치는 가격에 영향을 주지 않습니다.
유물들은 각각 고유의 기본 가격과 특수 규칙이 존재합니다. 자세한 사항은 아래를 참고하십시오.
판매 가격
당신이 아이템을 팔 때, 가격은 그 아이템의 기본 가격의 1⁄2이 되고, 당신이 호구일 경우 1⁄3이 됩니다. 만약 당신이 이 종류의 아이템을 아직 식별하지 못했거나, 어떠한 이유에서든 해당 아이템의 설명을 볼 수 없다면, 25%의 확률로 가격이 25%까지 떨어질 것입니다.[3][4] 당신은 아이템을 떨어뜨리고 판매를 거부하기를 반복함으로써 이러한 감소를 (NetHack 3.6.0까지) 테스트할 수 있습니다.
식별되지 않은 보석의 가격은 예외입니다: 상점 주인에 따라 가격은 3~7, 3~8, 3~9 조크미드가 될 것입니다. 같은 상점 주인은 같은 종류의 보석에 대해 항상 같은 가격을 제시할 것입니다.[3][4] (만약 당신이 가지고 있는 미식별된 보석이 유리라는 것을 알고 있다면, 식별하기 전에 판매하는 것이 이득입니다.)
당신이 비어있지 않은 저장고를 팔 때, 내용물의 가격이 판매 가격에 추가될 것입니다. 당신이 파는 것에 동의할 경우, 그것의 모든 내용물은 상점의 소유가 됩니다.
만약 상점 주인이 판매 가격보다 적은 돈을 가지고 있다면, 그는 그가 가진 만큼"만" 제안합니다. 즉, "아시단호포는 당신의 다이아몬드에 대해 123 조크미드"'만"' 제안합니다."
만약 상점 주인이 돈을 전혀 가지고 있지 않다면, 그는 당신에게 판매 가격의 90% (또는 1 조크미드의 경우 100%)에 해당하는 외상금을 제안합니다.
NetHack 3.6.1에서, 모든 상점 주인의 1/4는 그들의 내부 몬스터 ID 번호에 따라 제안에 25% 감소를 할 것입니다.[5] 이는 그들이 동일한 아이템에 대해 항상 동일한 판매 가격을 제안함을 의미하므로, 당신은 아이템의 가격이 변경되는지 확인하기 위해 아이템을 반복적으로 떨어뜨릴 수 없습니다. 하지만, 당신은 약식으로 식별한 아이템을 떨어뜨려 그것들이 25% 감소를 받는지 확인할 수 있습니다. 만약 그렇다면, 당신은 다른 아이템들의 판매 가격이 감소되고 있다고 판단할 수 있을 것입니다.

구매 가격
당신이 음식 아이템을 구매할 때, 당신이 배고픔 상태라면 기본 가격이 2배로, 허약함 상태라면 3배로, 실신함 상태라면 4배로 상승합니다. [1][2].
기본 가격이 0일 경우, 해당 아이템은 5 조크미드가 됩니다. (세상에 공짜 점심이란 없다)
If an item is an unidentified glass gem, it is priced as a random precious gem of the same color.  The same gem in the same game will be sold for the same price.
If an item is unidentified, but not a gem, there is 25% chance that the price will be multiplied by 4⁄3.
If you are a dupe, the price is further multiplied by 4⁄3.
Then the price is further multiplied by a coefficient depending on your charisma:

Charisma:

≤ 5
6–7
8–10
11–15
16–17
18
≥ 19

Buy price multiplier:

2
11⁄2
11⁄3
1
3⁄4
2⁄3
1⁄2

Pricing and dupes
You are considered a dupe if you are either a Tourist below experience level 15, or wearing a shirt without body armor or cloak, or wearing a dunce cap. Dupes are offered lower sell prices, and charged higher buy prices.

3.4.3 vs 3.6.0
In Nethack 3.4.3, all surcharges and price reductions are applied sequentially, using integer arithmetic. For example, if a character with charisma 7 buying an item with base price of 100 is charged an unidentified surcharge, the shopkeeper's price is calculated as follows:

100 base price
4⁄3 unidentified surcharge multiplier = 100 × 4⁄3 = 133
3⁄2 charisma multiplier = 133&nbsp;× 3⁄2 = 199
In 3.6.* versions, the calculation accumulates integer multipliers and divisors for all adjustments, then applies these once at the end to get the effective price.  Thus for the same example, the calculation will be: 

(4⁄3) × (3⁄2) = 12⁄6
100&nbsp;× 12⁄6 = 200
This sometimes results in prices 1 to 2 zorkmids higher or lower than would be obtained in previous versions. The stated intention of this change is to make price identification harder by ensuring that the price of items marked up twice more often equals another base price, e.g. 200zm instead of 199zm. Another consequence of this method is that the order in which adjustments are applied no longer matters.

Artifacts
Artifacts have their own base prices. For example, the price of Excalibur, Vorpal Blade, or Mjollnir is 4000; the price of Sting is only 800; the prices of quest artifacts are from 1500 to 8000. See Source:NetHack_3.4.3/include/artilist.h and Source:NetHack_3.6.0/include/artilist.h for the full table. 
When you sell an artifact, its base price is considered to be 1⁄4 of the listed value, and the rules above are applied.  For example, you can sell Sting for 800⁄4 = 200 zorkmids.
When you buy an artifact, all the rules above are applied, and then the final price is multiplied by 4.
Informally, this means that shopkeepers sell artifacts at exorbitant prices, and buy them at low prices.

Further strategies
General stores are very useful for price identification because they will offer to buy all types of items. However, you can still price-identify any object (unbreakable or in a bag of holding) in any store by throwing the item in to the shop from outside. If the item is fragile, you can have your pet carry it in, in a container if the item is cursed. Be aware that this will relinquish ownership of the item (and the container, if any) to the shopkeeper, who will then try to sell it to you. You will need to pay the asking price or steal the item to get it back, but in a pinch, this can provide a price point for an object that the shopkeeper would not normally be interested in.

Common uses
The item which is most commonly price-IDed is the scroll of identify, which is far cheaper than the other scrolls. In addition, magic lamps cost more than oil lamps, and enchanted armor costs more than their unenchanted versions.
Price-IDing can also be useful to identify bad items. The scroll of amnesia has a base price of 200zm, ten times as much as a scroll of identify. A potion of sickness has a base price of 50zm, a potion of hallucination 100zm, and a potion of blindness 150zm.
Spellbooks are useful to price-identify as a non-Wizard, to determine whether they are low enough difficulty level to safely read. The base price of a spellbook in zorkmids is 100 times its difficulty level (the derived sell price is 50 times its difficulty level).

강력한 완드 훔치기
값비싼 완드 (기본 가격 500zm) is either wishing or death. In general, you should have a pet steal such an item; if you don't have a pet, both wands are well worth buying.  If you have neither a pet nor the gold, either should be pretty easy to obtain: throw a tripe or food ration at a wild dog or cat, or sell junk to the shopkeeper.
One might be tempted to zap the wand (wishing for a wand of death if it's a wand of wishing) at the shopkeeper, but for early characters, this is a bad idea: the death ray might miss, which can easily lead to a quick YASD, given shopkeepers' speed and damage output. Furthermore, wishing for a wand of death from a wand of wishing is generally a waste anyways, given that by the time you really need one, you can get the one Orcus carries. If you're truly concerned about your character's ability to survive long enough to buy or steal the wand, wishing for 5000 gold pieces is a safe way to be able to do so, though it is also a waste of a wish. If you really want to kill the shopkeeper, wish for a blessed figurine of an Archon, though be aware that this has a 10% chance of backfiring.

가격 표
 In the tables below, the numbers in parentheses on buying prices denote the price if you are charged either (first number) or both (second number) of the unidentified surcharge or sucker markup. On the selling price, the number in parentheses denotes the amount of a randomly discounted offer. Numbers in bold represent prices that leave the base price ambiguous.

마법 방어구
신발

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Boot types

8
16 (20/26)
12 (15/19)
10 (13/17)
8 (10/13)
6 (8/10)
6 (7/9)
4 (5/6)
4 (3)
elven boots, kicking boots

30
60 (80/106)
45 (60/79)
40 (53/70)
30 (40/53)
23 (30/40)
20 (27/36)
15 (20/26)
15 (12)
fumble boots, levitation boots

50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
jumping boots, speed boots, water walking boots

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
신발의 종류

8
16 (21/28)
12 (16/21)
11 (14/19)
8 (11/14)
6 (8/11)
5 (7/9)
4 (5/7)
4 (3)
elven boots, kicking boots

30
60 (80/107)
45 (60/80)
40 (53/71)
30 (40/53)
23 (30/40)
20 (27/36)
15 (20/27)
15 (11)
fumble boots, levitation boots

50
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
38 (50/67)
33 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
jumping boots, speed boots, water walking boots

Fumble boots and levitation boots are both 30zm, but are of different weights. They are often cursed.
Speed boots, jumping boots, and water walking boots are all priced at 50zm. They are easily identified once worn: speed boots auto-identify if you are not already very fast (potion of speed or haste self spell), jumping boots allow you to jump, and boots of water walking are otherwise mundane.
Elven boots cause you to "walk very quietly" and self-identify if you are not already stealthy. Kicking boots are made of metal, and consequently add to spell failure percentage.

Cloaks

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Cloak types

2
10 (12/16)
7 (9/12)
6 (8/10)
5 (6/8)
4 (5/6)
4 (4/6)
2 (3/4)
1
mummy wrapping

40
80 (106/140)
60 (79/105)
53 (70/93)
40 (53/70)
30 (40/53)
27 (36/47)
20 (26/35)
20 (15)
leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet")

50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
alchemy smock ("apron"), displacement, dwarvish ("hooded cloak"), oilskin ("slippery cloak"), protection, robe ("robe")

60
120 (160/212)
90 (120/159)
80 (106/141)
60 (80/106)
45 (60/80)
40 (54/71)
30 (40/53)
30 (23)
elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, magic resistance

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Cloak types

2
10 (13/18)
8 (10/13)
7 (9/12)
5 (7/9)
4 (5/7)
3 (4/6)
3 (3/4)
1 (1)
mummy wrapping

40
80 (107/142)
60 (80/107)
53 (71/95)
40 (53/71)
30 (40/53)
27 (36/47)
20 (27/36)
20 (15)
leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet")

50
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
38 (50/67)
33 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
alchemy smock ("apron"), displacement, dwarvish ("hooded cloak"), oilskin ("slippery cloak"), protection, robe ("robe")

60
120 (160/213)
90 (120/160)
80 (107/142)
60 (80/107)
45 (60/80)
40 (53/71)
30 (40/53)
30 (23)
elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, magic resistance

The cloaks of displacement and protection both cost 50zm, and are the only ones at that price with a randomized appearance. If a cloak costs 60zm and has a randomized appearance, then it is either invisibility, magic resistance, or a +1 cloak of the first two types.

다른 갑옷
All magical randomized helms (brilliance, opposite alignment, and telepathy) cost 50zm; the helmet costs 10zm.
All magical gloves (dexterity, fumbling, and power) cost 50zm; leather gloves cost 8zm.
Positive enchantment on a piece of armor increases the base price by 10zm per point of enchantment. In theory, a +2 or better pair of fumble boots might be confused for one of the much more useful 50zm boots, but the probability for positive enchantments on harmful items is too low to be worth worrying about.

두루마리

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매가격
Scroll types

20
40 (52/68)
30 (39/51)
26 (34/45)
20 (26/34)
15 (20/26)
14 (18/23)
10 (13/17)
10 (8)
identify

50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
light

60
120 (160/212)
90 (120/159)
80 (106/141)
60 (80/106)
45 (60/80)
40 (54/71)
30 (40/53)
30 (23)
blank paper ("unlabeled scroll"), enchant weapon

80
160 (212/282)
120 (159/211)
106 (141/188)
80 (106/141)
60 (80/106)
54 (71/94)
40 (53/70)
40 (30)
enchant armor, remove curse

100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
confuse monster, destroy armor, fire, food detection,  gold detection, magic mapping, scare monster,  teleportation

200
400 (532/708)
300 (399/531)
266 (354/472)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
134 (178/236)
100 (133/177)
100 (75)
amnesia, create monster, earth,  taming

300
600 (800/1066)
450 (600/799)
400 (533/710)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/266)
150 (113)
charging, genocide, punishment,  stinking cloud

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매가격
두루마리의 종류

20
40 (53/71)
30 (40/53)
27 (36/47)
20 (27/36)
15 (20/27)
13 (18/24)
10 (13/18)
10 (8)
감정

50
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
38 (50/67)
33 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
빛

60
120 (160/213)
90 (120/160)
80 (107/142)
60 (80/107)
45 (60/80)
40 (53/71)
30 (40/53)
30 (23)
백지
("unlabeled scroll"), 무기 강화

80
160 (213/284)
120 (160/213)
107 (142/190)
80 (107/142)
60 (80/107)
53 (71/95)
40 (53/71)
40 (30)
갑옷 강화, 해주

100
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
50 (38)
몬스터 혼란, 갑옷 파괴, 화염, 음식 탐지,  금화 탐지
, 마법 지도, scare monster,  순간 이동

200
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
100 (75)
기억 상실, 몬스터 생성, 대지,  길들임

300
600 (800/1067)
450 (600/800)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
150 (113)
충전, 학살,  처벌

If the scroll costs 20zm, 50zm, or 60zm, it is uniquely identified. Identification of more expensive scrolls usually involves reading them. Unless otherwise specified, you should always make sure the unknown scroll is not cursed, and never read it while confused.
If the scroll costs 80zm, it is either enchant armor or remove curse. Both are harmless, unless the scroll is cursed or you are confused. Before reading, you may want to bless the scroll, wear only armor you want to enchant, and hold all the cursed items you want to uncurse.
Among scrolls that cost 100zm, there are two dangerous scrolls, fire and destroy armor. Before reading, to protect from ill effects of the former, put all your scrolls, potions, and spellbooks into a container, or into a closet, or leave them on a different level, or just leave them at least 2 squares from you (but then you should beware of the danger of them being picked up by a monster if you encountered a scroll of teleportation. To protect from ill effects of both scrolls, make sure all your armor, except a shirt covered by a body armor or cloak, and body armor covered by a cloak, is something you can afford to lose.
만약 두루마리의 가격이 200zm이라면, 위험한 두루마리는 amnesia뿐이지만, 이것은 굉장히 나쁘고, 이것으로부터 당신 스스로를 보호할 방법도 없습니다. 당신이 망각의 두루마리를 식별해두지 않은 한, 미확인된 200 조크미드짜리 두루마리는 읽지 마십시오. 다른 방법으로 식별하세요.
만약 두루마리의 가격이 300zm이라면, 위험한 두루마리는 punishment뿐입니다. In Nethack 3.4.3, there is a simple way to get rid of the heavy iron ball, involving a pit and a boulder, but since 3.6.0, it doesn't work.  Don't read the scroll unless you have non-cursed scroll of remove curse or a wand of opening, or unless you know and can cast a knock spell, or can polymorph into a nymph or metallivore. Alternatively, you can bless the scroll and then read it. Blessed scrolls of punishment are harmless, and blessed scrolls of genocide and charging are more powerful than uncursed scrolls. Finally, if you are absolutely sure it is not a scroll of genocide, you can read it while confused. Beware! Reading a scroll of genocide while confused would genocide your own race, thus killing you, even if you are wearing an amulet of life saving.

포션

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Potion types

0
10 (12/16)
7 (9/12)
6 (8/10)
5 (6/8)
4 (5/6)
4 (4/6)
2 (3/4)
0
water (uncursed)

50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
booze, fruit juice, see invisible,  sickness

100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
confusion, extra healing, hallucination, healing,  holy water ("blessed clear potion"), unholy water ("cursed clear potion"), restore ability, sleeping

150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
blindness, gain energy, invisibility, monster detection,  object detection

200
400 (532/708)
300 (399/531)
266 (354/472)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
134 (178/236)
100 (133/177)
100 (75)
enlightenment, full healing, levitation, polymorph,  speed

250
500 (666/888)
375 (499/666)
333 (444/592)
250 (333/444)
188 (250/333)
167 (222/296)
125 (166/222)
125 (94)
acid, oil

300
600 (800/1066)
450 (600/799)
400 (533/710)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/266)
150 (113)
gain ability, gain level,  paralysis

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
포션의 종류

0
10 (13/18)
8 (10/13)
7 (9/12)
5 (7/9)
4 (5/7)
3 (4/6)
3 (3/4)
0 (0)
물
(저주받지 않은)

50
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
38 (50/67)
33 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
술, 과일 주스, see invisible, 그리고 질병

100
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
50 (38)
혼란, 추가 회복, 환각,  회복
, 성수
(축복받은 맑은 포션), 부정수
(저주받은 맑은 포션), 능력 회복, 수면

150
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
113 (150/200)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (56)
실명, 에너지 획득, 투명화, 몬스터 탐지,  물체 탐지

200
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
100 (75)
계몽, 완전 회복, 공중 부양, 폴리모프,  속도

250
500 (667/889)
375 (500/667)
333 (444/593)
250 (333/444)
188 (250/333)
167 (222/296)
125 (167/222)
125 (94)
산, 기름

300
600 (800/1067)
450 (600/800)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
150 (113)
능력 획득, 레벨 획득,  마비

If the potion is water (clear potion), price gives some information about its beautitude. If the price is 0, the water is uncursed; otherwise it is either holy or unholy water.
If the price is 250zm, you can ensure it is not cursed, then try to apply it. If it is a potion of oil, it will be lit. Do not do this when the potion is owned by a shop, or you will be forced to pay for the potion and will be charged Yendorian Fuel Tax.
Otherwise, price identification of a potion usually includes quaffing it. See Potion §&nbsp;Price identification then quaffing for more information.

반지

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Ring types

100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
adornment, hunger*, protection, protection from shape changers, stealth, sustain ability,  warning

150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
aggravate monster*, cold resistance, gain constitution, gain strength, increase accuracy,  increase damage, invisibility, poison resistance, see invisible,  shock resistance

200
400 (532/708)
300 (399/531)
266 (354/472)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
134 (178/236)
100 (133/177)
100 (75)
fire resistance, free action, levitation, regeneration,  searching, slow digestion, teleportation*

300
600 (800/1066)
450 (600/799)
400 (533/710)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/266)
150 (113)
conflict, polymorph*, polymorph control, teleport control

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
반지의 종류

100
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
50 (38)
총애, 허기
, 보호, protection from shape changers, stealth, sustain ability,  경고

150
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
113 (150/200)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (56)
aggravate monster
, 냉기 저항, constitution 획득, 힘 획득, 명중률 상승,  데미지 상승
, 투명화, 독 저항, see invisible,  전격 저항

200
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
100 (75)
화염 저항, free action, 공중 부양, 회복,  탐색
, 느린 소화, 순간 이동

300
600 (800/1067)
450 (600/800)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
150 (113)
분쟁, 폴리모프
, 폴리모프 통제, 순간 이동 통제

An asterisk (*) indicates that this ring is generated cursed 90% of the time.
The most useful rings to price-identify are the most expensive and most powerful rings: the 200zm and 300zm rings.
All 200zm rings, provided they are non-cursed, are useful and safe to wear. These include the rings of free action, slow digestion, searching, levitation,  regeneration, fire resistance and teleportation. It is important to only wear rings from this group known to be non-cursed, since uncontrolled teleportitis or a cursed ring of levitation may be hazardous. The ring of levitation auto-identifies when worn; the effects of the other 200zm rings, with the probable exceptions of fire resistance or teleportation if you already have the intrinsics, will eventually become clear if you wear the rings. The ring of regeneration can also be quickly tested for: wear it, throw a (preferably non-breakable) object up to lose a few hit points, and watch if you re-gain them every turn.
The 300zm rings include the rings of conflict, teleport control, polymorph, and polymorph control. The first two are among the most coveted items in the game and are frequent wish targets, however the ring of polymorph means that 300zm rings are not generally safe to wear. Conflict can still be easily identified by wearing it for a turn or two around a peaceful monster (remember that a shopkeeper, aligned priest, or your Quest leader are probably not wise choices). Teleport control can also be identified by putting on the ring and triggering a teleport (via trap, scroll, wand, etc.) If your 300zm ring is neither of these, do not wear it; use a scroll, spell, a handy sink or a source of enlightenment to reliably identify the other 300zm rings. Alternately, a riskier method of determining whether a 300zm ring is safe to wear is simply to wear it for a few hundred turns without wearing a shirt, cloak, or body armor (or wearing junk armor); that way, if you polymorph you will not break your useful armor.

완드

넷핵 3.4.3 이전에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Wand types

100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
light, nothing

150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
digging, enlightenment, locking, magic missile,  make invisible, opening, probing, secret door detection, slow monster,  speed monster, striking, undead turning

175
350 (466/620)
262 (349/465)
233 (310/413)
175 (233/310)
132 (175/233)
117 (156/207)
87 (116/155)
87 (66)
cold, fire, lightning,  sleep

200
400 (532/708)
300 (399/531)
266 (356/472)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
134 (178/236)
100 (133/177)
100 (75)
cancellation, create monster, polymorph,  teleportation

500
1000 (1332/1776)
750 (999/1332)
666 (888/1184)
500 (666/888)
375 (500/666)
334 (444/592)
250 (333/444)
250 (188)
death, wishing

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
Wand types

100
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
50 (38)
light, nothing

150
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
113 (150/200)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (56)
digging, enlightenment, locking, magic missile,  make invisible, opening, probing, secret door detection, slow monster,  speed monster, striking, undead turning

175
350 (467/622)
263 (350/467)
233 (311/415)
175 (233/311)
131 (175/233)
117 (156/207)
88 (117/156)
88 (66)
cold, fire, lightning,  sleep

200
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
100 (75)
cancellation, create monster, polymorph,  teleportation

500
1000 (1333/1778)
750 (1000/1333)
667 (889/1185)
500 (667/889)
375 (500/667)
333 (444/593)
250 (333/444)
250 (188)
death, wishing

It is usually better to engrave ID wands to determine their identity, however base 175zm wands found in shops are all useful (cold, sleep, fire, or lightning), price identification can distinguish a wand of sleep from a wand of death without using another charge, any wand that makes engravings vanish that has a base price of 150zm is a wand of make invisible, and any wand that gives no message when engraved with a base price of 100zm is a wand of nothing.

주문서

넷핵 3.6.0 이후에서의 가격

기본 가격
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
판매 가격
주문서의 종류

100
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/119)
50 (67/89)
50 (38)
레벨 1 서적&nbsp;: 포스 볼트, 보호, 몬스터 탐지, 빛,  수면
, jumping, 치유,  knock

200
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
133 (178/237)
100 (133/178)
100 (75)
레벨 2 서적&nbsp;: 매직 미사일, 생명 흡수, 몬스터 생성, 음식 탐지,  몬스터 혼란
, 몬스터 감속, cure blindness,  wizard lock

300
600 (800/1067)
450 (600/800)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/267)
150 (113)
레벨 3 서적&nbsp;: 해주, clairvoyance, detect unseen, 감정,  공포 유발
, 몬스터 매혹, haste self, 질병 치유, 추가 회복,  돌에서 떡으로

400
800 (1067/1422)
600 (800/1067)
533 (711/948)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
267 (356/474)
200 (267/356)
200 (150)
Level 4 books: cone of cold, fireball, detect treasure, invisibility,  levitation, restore ability

500
1000 (1333/1778)
750 (1000/1333)
667 (889/1185)
500 (667/889)
375 (500/667)
333 (444/593)
250 (333/444)
250 (188)
Level 5 books: magic mapping, dig

600
1200 (1600/2133)
900 (1200/1600)
800 (1067/1422)
600 (800/1067)
450 (600/800)
400 (533/711)
300 (400/533)
300 (225)
Level 6 books: create familiar, turn undead, teleport away,  polymorph

700
1400 (1867/2489)
1050 (1400/1867)
933 (1244/1659)
700 (933/1244)
525 (700/933)
467 (622/830)
350 (467/622)
350 (263)
Level 7 books: finger of death, cancellation

Determining the level of a spellbook can be very useful for spellcasters, since it can eliminate books that are much too high level to be read, and reveal books that should be easy to read. However, knowing the level of a spellbook is not very helpful unless the book is also BUC identified.

Variants
SLASH'EM
Price identification is more complicated in SLASH'EM, partly due to the addition of several new items, and partly due to discriminatory role-based markups: 

Barbarians pay triple the base price ("Barbarians are gullible")
Rogues pay double the base price ("Rogues are untrustworthy")
Samurai pay double the base price ("Samurai are from out of town")
Furthermore, in the black market, magical items cost 50 times the base price, and nonmagical items cost 25 times the base price. These markups are applied in this order, after any relevant unidentified item surcharge, sucker markup, and charisma modifier.
Relevant parts of above tables that change are given in the table below.

Prices in SLASH'EM

Category
Base cost
Cha ≤ 5
Cha 6–7
Cha 8–10
Cha 11–15
Cha 16–17
Cha 18
Cha ≥ 19
Selling price
Item types

Rings
100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
adornment, hunger*, mood, protection, protection from shape changers, sleeping* stealth, sustain ability,  warning

150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
aggravate monster*, cold resistance, gain constitution, gain dexterity, gain intelligence, gain strength, gain wisdom, increase accuracy, increase damage, invisibility, poison resistance,  see invisible, shock resistance

Wands
150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
digging, enlightenment, healing, locking, magic missile, make invisible, opening,  probing, secret door detection, slow monster, speed monster, striking,  undead turning

175
350 (466/620)
262 (349/465)
233 (310/413)
175 (233/310)
132 (175/233)
117 (156/207)
87 (116/155)
87 (66)
cold, draining, fire, lightning,  sleep

200
400 (532/708)
300 (399/531)
266 (354/472)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
134 (178/236)
100 (133/177)
100 (75)
cancellation, create monster, fear, polymorph, teleportation

300
600 (800/1066)
450 (600/799)
400 (533/710)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/266)
150 (113)
create horde, extra healing, fireball

Potions
50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
blood ("blood-red potion"), booze, fruit juice, see invisible,  sickness

100
200 (266/354)
150 (199/265)
133 (177/236)
100 (133/177)
75 (100/133)
67 (89/118)
50 (66/88)
50 (38)
amnesia ("sparkling potion"), clairvoyance, confusion, extra healing, hallucination, healing,  holy water ("blessed clear potion"), unholy water ("cursed clear potion"), restore ability, sleeping

150
300 (400/532)
225 (300/399)
200 (266/354)
150 (200/266)
113 (150/200)
100 (134/178)
75 (100/133)
75 (57)
blindness, ESP, gain energy, invisibility, monster detection,  object detection

300
600 (800/1066)
450 (600/799)
400 (533/710)
300 (400/533)
225 (300/400)
200 (267/356)
150 (200/266)
150 (113)
gain ability, gain level, invulnerability, paralysis

350
700 (932/1242)
525 (699/931)
466 (621/828)
350 (466/621)
263 (350/466)
234 (311/414)
175 (233/310)
175 (132)
vampire blood ("blood-red potion")

Robes
25
50 (66/88)
37 (49/66)
33 (44/58)
25 (33/44)
19 (25/33)
17 (22/30)
12 (16/22)
12 (9)
robe

50
100 (132/176)
75 (99/132)
66 (88/117)
50 (66/88)
38 (50/66)
34 (44/59)
25 (33/44)
25 (19)
power, protection,  weakness

Cloaks
40
80 (106/140)
60 (79/105)
53 (70/93)
40 (53/70)
30 (40/53)
27 (36/47)
20 (26/35)
20 (15)
leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet"), poisonous

60
120 (160/212)
90 (120/159)
80 (106/141)
60 (80/106)
45 (60/80)
40 (54/71)
30 (40/53)
30 (23)
elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, lab coat ("white coat"), magic resistance

UnNetHack
In UnNetHack, the random 25% reduction of selling price applied to the whole shop. That means if an item sells 3⁄8 of its base price, that shopkeeper will pay 25% less for everything you sell there.

GruntHack
In GruntHack, shopkeepers that hate your race increase the buy price of every item by 33% (multiplying by 4⁄3), and cut the sell price of every item by 66% (dividing by 3).
Also, the base price of any item is increased if it has object properties: by 100 for one property, 500 for two properties, 1000 for three properties, and so on.

Slash'EM_Extended
In Slash'EM_Extended, price identification is not possible. All items of the same base type will be the same price.

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 Source:NetHack_3.4.3/src/shk.c#getprice

↑ 2.0 2.1 Source:NetHack_3.6.0/src/shk.c#getprice

↑ 3.0 3.1 Source:NetHack_3.4.3/src/shk.c#set_cost

↑ 4.0 4.1 Source:NetHack_3.6.0/src/shk.c#set_cost

↑ Source:NetHack_3.6.1/src/shk.c#line2257

External links
Clippy is a handy tool to identify an item.
Determine Objects by their Price works similar. It is more accurate because takes some more corner cases into account, but less broad because it works for the magical items&nbsp;?&nbsp;! / = + only.
The consolidated item tables lists the base price of every single item.
NetHack Shopping Spoiler
DizzyPrice is an open source price identification tool updated to the new rounding method for NetHack 3.6.0.

This page may need to be updated for the current version of NetHack.
It may contain text specific to NetHack 3.6.0. Information on this page may be out of date.
Editors: After reviewing this page and making necessary edits, please change the {{nethack-360}} tag to the current version's tag or {{noversion}} as appropriate.