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What is the conic constant?
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The conic constant is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The concubines of the Ottoman Sultan consisted chiefly of purchased slaves. Because Islamic law forbade Muslims to enslave fellow Muslims, the Sultan's concubines were generally of Christian origin ("cariye"). The mother of a Sultan, though technically a slave, received the extremely powerful title of "Valide Sultan", and at times became effective ruler of the Empire (see Sultanate of women).