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What are the different types of cancer and how are they diagnosed?
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The different types of cancer can be divided into two categories, namely solid tumors (such as breast cancer) and hematological malignancies (such as leukemia). Solid tumors are further subdivided according to their tissue origin. For example, cancers that originate in the lung, colon, or stomach are called carcinomas. Cancers that arise from cells of the lymphatic system are called lymphomas. Leukemias originate in the bone marrow. Each type of cancer is characterized by distinct genetic mutations that lead to abnormal cell growth and division. Cancer diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and biopsy. Imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and ultrasounds are often used to detect cancerous lesions and determine the extent of the disease. Biopsies may also be performed to obtain samples of suspected tumor tissue for analysis.