One more demonstration of the industry's recovery . As


springtime approaches , orders pick up . And the car men get


ready for another bustling season . The pessimists


said the motor industry was on its knees . The optimists


said " Nonsense . " As usual , the optimists have been


proved right . EARL RUSSELL and his friends have


hit on an original way of spending this afternoon .


They intend to sit outside the Ministry of Defence . It is


their protest against the H-bomb . They ought to have a


pleasant time . The weather forecast is good ; except for them ,


Whitehall should be deserted . And they will have a fine view


of St. James's Park , with its placid lake , pelicans ,


rare ducks , and other wild life .


Why not follow Lord Russell's lead today ?


Head for the parks to enjoy the sun . Not in


a foolish cause , but in a glorious one . Good health !


THIS group of men , says a report , work on average


between 55 and 60 hours a week . They also put


in an extra two or three evenings . And they never


go on strike .


Who are they ? The trade union officials of Britain .


Men who earn only a fraction of what their


talents and responsibilities could bring in the open


labour market . The unions are fortunate indeed to


find dedicated leaders at cut-rate prices . But it is


time the members decided to pay up and be good


employers . THE Labour Party says that the Tory


Government is destroying the social services .


Under the Labour Government 18.1 per cent of the


national income was spent on social services . The


present figure is 19.5 per cent. There are many


worthwhile targets for the Opposition . What a pity


to aim at the wrong one ! MRS. MARCIA POWER ,


whose husband made her clean his uniform , wins


a divorce . The judge says she had to act almost


as a serf .


Up and down the country husbands will be saying


they would never behave like that . But do they ever


ponder how their gardening tools are mysteriously


returned to the shed ; their books tidied ; and often ,


even their shoes cleaned ? How wonderful if they


showed their appreciation this morning with a surprise


box of chocolates or a bunch of flowers !


HOW the Government must repent its haste and folly


in Rhodesia ! Eighteen months ago this territory


was peaceful , orderly , and thriving . Africans within the


Federal Government were getting valuable experience in


administration . Then Mr. Iain Macleod became Colonial


Secretary . Suddenly everything changed . Timetables were


scrapped . The ill-conceived Monckton Commission was


rushed out to Rhodesia . Overnight , minor African


politicians were inflated into international figures .


And as the British Government stepped up the pace


of change , so the Africans stepped up their demands .


TODAY , in London , that rash and thoughtless policy has


caused a crisis - a crisis that never should have happened .


No wonder there is doubt and fearful heart-searching .


If the Government now reverses its plan to give the


Africans control in Northern Rhodesia it may indeed face


difficulties from African politicians greedy for power .


But if it fails to modify that plan Rhodesia may well


be plunged into chaos , like the Congo . For Mr.


Macmillan and his ministers there is no choice . They


must safeguard Rhodesia against chaos . And try to


repair the damage they have done . WHO can grow the


fastest ? That is the exciting competition going on


among Britain's major industries .


Top of the table , at the moment , is the chemical industry .


Then comes engineering , followed by iron and steel .


Even the staid and timid Treasury is cheered by the


tremendous upsurge in investment . It reports that new


factory building this year is likely to be 40 per cent


up on 1960 . Britain's business men are right to back


their faith with cash .


For expansion today means still greater


prosperity tomorrow . BERTRAND RUSSELL ,


the 88-year-old standard bearer of the Ban-


the-Bomb crusade , has devoted following .


Thousands march with him - and sit with him


too . It is said by some that he is a saint ; by


others that he is a prophet . He is , in fact , a


philosopher with a highly developed sense of publicity


who has been spectacularly wrong on the great


issues of our time .


BEFORE the war he urged the British people


to welcome Hitler's troops as tourists .


After the war he favoured a preventive war against


Russia . Now he wants Britain to demolish her


defences . Throughout the years Lord Russell


and his supporters have been able to pursue their


eccentric campaigns in freedom . They should


ask themselves this question : How long would


that freedom last if their policies were adopted ?


AN experiment in courtesy is launched by the Electricity


Board . The board is laying a cable along a seven-


mile route in Surrey . A warden , Mr. Jack Finlay ,


has been appointed to smooth out difficulties for


householders when trenches are dug outside their


front gates . Splendid . By showing concern


for the people the board will earn their good will .


Happy patrolling , Mr. Finlay !


GOOD for Sir Roy Welensky ! The tough ,


resolute Premier of the Rhodesian Federation


shakes the life out of his critics . He calls them


" jelly-boned . " He promises to preserve federation


against African fanatics and woolly minded


individuals in the West . Some may ask : Is


Welensky justified in being so harsh to those who


disagree with him ? The facts answer that .


CONTRAST his firm , successful rule in Rhodesia


with what has happened in the Congo . There


Welensky's opponents have carried their theories


into practice . There a UNO army of Africans ,


bossed by an Indian , has been in charge for


months . And what has it made of the Congo ?


A bloodstained shambles . No wonder


Welensky has lost all patience with his


misguided tormentors .


They have earned his strictures . And his


contempt . SOME people are for ever complaining


that teenagers earn too much and spend it all


when they get it . Now a survey of the Post


Office Savings Bank shows how wrong that


idea is . The biggest group of depositors in


the bank is made of boys and girls aged 15


to 19 .


Certainly teenagers earn more than ever before .


Certainly they spend more . But how splendid


that in the most prosperous days in this


country's history the old-fashioned virtue of thrift


should still have a powerful appeal for young


people . THE Danes are annoyed with British


farmers for fighting against Danish competition .


They say that our farmers do not seem to


understand the meaning of free trade .


There is no doubt what the Danes understand


by free trade . It is that they should be free


to sell as much as they like , while buying


more and more from our rivals . Germany has


now supplanted Britain as Denmark's


principal supplier . The farmers of Britain


understand free trade . That is why they fight


it .


THE Palace cinema at Buckley , near Chester , will be


reopened next week by Barry Flanagan and Eric


Platt , both aged 19 . Eric says : " We believe in the


cinema . And we know what people want . " The


combination of enthusiasm and shrewd anticipation


of public taste has launched many great


enterprises . Barry and Eric have enthusiasm . They


are backed by a resurgent film industry .


It could be curtain up on two success stories . Of


the old Palace . And Barry and Eric . DONS at


Cambridge want the study of agriculture to become


an honours degree course . Farming is Britain's


most vital industry . It is increasingly dependent


on new techniques - and on the universities to


provide men of knowledge and skill .


The older universities are often accused of being


interested only in dead subjects . Now Cambridge has


the opportunity to show is just as interested in the


living . Particularly as its rival , Oxford , has had a


similar course in farming for 15 years !


JOHN GLENN , Virgil Grissom , Alan Shepard . One of


these three men has a date with destiny - the


first journey into Space .


At the beginning of this wonderful century many


people believed that there were no more worlds to


conquer .


Nobody 's going to shove 2ole Uncle Sam around ! " He then


took out a piece of paper , wrote his address on it and added :


" Anybody mucking the Yanks about had better call on me


first . I won't stand for it . " Exit a puzzled American .


The other incident occurred in the boat-train from Cherbourg


to Paris .


The travellers from the New World who had


been in Britain many times before , were


slightly stunned . Afterwards they said : " We thought


we knew it all , but you Britishers never run


out of unturned stones . "


To the British Travel Association , doing their excellent


darndest , I offer these sad complexities . IN the 1830's


the Luddites took sledge-hammers to their looms and


many a good trade unionist since then has , in the


hope of improving the lot of his fellow workers , taken


the theoretical Luddite hammer again .


Hence the hostility to automation and


the stop-watch manufacturing methods that


have # led to restrictive practices . Now a new


threat to those who toil and spin has been


developed by a firm specialising in electronics


in Los Angeles . They have developed a new


system whereby completely untrained workers


can be taught their trade by means of tape


recordings and television .


What happens is that the unskilled worker


is processed , by high-speed listening to recorded


instructions on how to do the job coupled with


explanatory TV pictures , into becoming a highly


skilled , obedient craftsman in no time at all .


Not only can the raw human mind be


technically equipped very quickly to do one


set of skilled manufacturing processes in one


trade but , by being given another of the new


audio-TV training techniques , he can be switched


to a different industry if he just gives in and


From being an assembler in an aircraft


factory to becoming a paint sprayer in


a ceramic factory , he can be qualified


for a completely new job in less time


than it takes to say " Tolpuddle


Martyrs ! " " CRICKET , " says the Oxford


Dictionary , is " an open air game played


with ball , bats and wickets between


# two sides consisting of eleven players


each . " Not so , dear Oxford Dictionary .


You are out of date . Cricket in 1961 is played


with a theodolite , six surveyors , a ball ;


bats and wickets between two sides . Shades


of the village stalwarts of Hambledon who


are now the patron saints of the game !


What would THEY have thought of


these civil engineers creeping about


the pitch with their optical


instruments ?


The village green is the real home of cricket . A couple of bumps


on a pitch have no terrors for a good batsman with a stout


heart , a firm grip on the willow and a hefty contempt for


batting averages and all the statistical blight that makes a


mighty six these days as rare as frostbite in summer .


They 'll be clapping the man who plays a straight theodolite next .


EICHMANN continues # to reveal the extraordinary divisions of the


German mind . Not content with arguing that he was only an


efficient cog in the machine , he now claims that part of the


endless massacre that led to the death of six million Jews was


" decent , feasible and workable . "


He feels satisfaction " from the fact that my personality had been


tested and weighed and not found wanting . " He feels like


Pontius Pilate who washed his hands before the multitude


saying : " I am innocent of the blood of this just person . "


Like Dr. Globke , whom I interviewed the other day , Eichmann


said :


" I drew a certain solace from the fact that I did what I


could despite my low rank . " Eichmann is on dangerous ground


when he pleads that he was only a small unit on the base


of the triangle that led to Hitler , Himmler , Hess and Goering


at the apex . In examination he betrayed an expert and


intimate knowledge of every link in the chain of command that


led to the top .


He understood the whole apparatus with an exact and


meticulous comprehension that could only have come from a man


who used the system - and used it with power and authority .


The appalling thing about the Germans is that they can kid them-


selves and feel a sense of righteousness when their hands are


red with blood .


They really believed that the Treaty of Versailles


was an iniquitous injustice . When they burst into


Czechoslovakia , Poland , Holland , Belgium and France


they really believed Hitler when he screamed at


them that they were being " encircled . " They really


believed in the moral superiority of " The New


Order " which Himmler on October 4 , 1943 , expressed


thus : " Whether nations live in prosperity or starve


to death like cattle interests me only in so far as we


need them as slaves to # our Kultur ; otherwise


it is of no interest to me .


This concept of slavery included Britain .


General Brauchitsch signed a directive


ordering that after the successful


invasion of our islands all the " able-bodied


male population between the ages of


seventeen and forty-five will , unless the


local situation calls for an exceptional


ruling , be interned and dispatched to the


Continent . " The Baltic States were


to have been our destination .


In no other conquered country , not even


Poland , had the Germans begun with such a


drastic step . There is no doubt that the compatriots


of Eichmann would have been as good as their


evil word . THE Inland Revenue people have a


thankless task . But they do not make


themselves less disliked by their attitude


to their customers - who incidentally


pay their salaries .


Their demands are invariably couched in


hectoring , out-of-date language , but in spite of all


their bluster , they let many a big fish through the


net while they are bullying the minnows . I have just


heard a good example of their officious efficiency .


A young chap I know got his first job last week . He


is paid monthly in arrears and will not get


a bean for the next twenty-one days .


It was called " Abou Ben Adhem and the


Angel . " I don't know why I was so


impressed with this poem but , on re-


flection , it might be that I took a


guilty interest in the devilment busi-


ness . I may well have felt that I was


hell-bound under a strict Presbyterian


upbringing and a possible reprieve might


come through the sugary sentiments


of " Abou Ben Adhem . "


SOME 17 years ago , in the early summer of 1934 ,


the German ambassador in London was dictating


a secret report to his chief von Papen , in Berlin .


" Britain is uncomfortable in her role of champion


of German rearmament , in opposition , to France . "


Later that year he warned that Britain knew


Germany was breaking the agreement to stop


building bombers , and added :


" Without Britain's tolerance German rearma-


ment in the air would be jeopardised . " When


Hoesch's reports , along with other nazi documents ,


were captured and published after the war the


pattern of British Government connivance became


clear . At nazi Germany's request , Britain was


providing the cloak for Germany to build an


air force bigger than that of France .


Yesterday West German Defence Minister ,


Herr Strauss , started talks with the British


Defence Minister , Mr. Watkinson . Their talks


are another stage in the cloak operation ,


1961 variety , by which the West German


militarists are advancing their rearmament .


Herr Strauss told the Daily Mail last October


that his policy was to make his country


the " strongest militarily in Europe and the


United States' principal Nato ally . "


His job is to build up the military apparatus which


will back West Germany's economic domination of Western


Europe through the Common Market . He continued this week


the argument with Mr. Watkinson which he had in public at a


Nato council meeting last year over the question : do we


fight a 30-day war or a 90-day war ?


A 90-day war , the West German


view , provides the pretext for huge


German armed forces ( within Nato


of course ) and for those to have


bases all over Western Europe .


In the past year West Germany


has secured agreements for


" facilities " in France , Holland and


Belgium . After much bargaining


the British Government has


agreed to give similar " facilities "


The process has been too slow for Herr


Strauss and last month he attacked


Britain for being an obstacle for West Germany's


plans for a " unified supply apparatus "


in Nato . ( A supply apparatus which would


link together the various West German


" facilities . " ) By the end of the year there


will be 11 German divisions in Nato


compared with four divisions of


British troops .


Alongside these divisions a force of over 600


Starfighters provided by the Americans is growing


up . These " fighters " are in fact fighter bombers


which could launch an atomic attack on


Eastern Europe . By 1963 the Germans plan to have


nine missile battalions , with 288 missiles and


36 firing ramps , including weapons like Matador


( range 950 miles ) , also provided by the Americans .


Last month West Germany was


reported to be halfway toward


this target . Her position as " America's


principal Nato ally " grows stronger


and stronger . Now this target which


Herr Strauss and his fellows


have their eyes on is control of the


warheads to these weapons . General


Heusinger , the man who caused


a great disturbance last autumn


All this has been achieved through Nato under


American leadership . But a big role has been


played not only by the British Government but


by Right-Wing Labour in this country . They have


helped build up Nato and rearm Western Germany ,


in pursuit of the old familiar anti-Soviet


policy which brought disaster in 1939 .


Now the argument is being used that Nato must be maintained


and Britain must stay in it to keep the Germans in


control . Nato , far from being a means of controlling


the German militarists , is , in fact , the cover for


building up their power . What must Britain do ? Today ,


again , she has a key role . Let her tell men like Strauss


that he shall have no bases or " facilities , " no help in


his quest for atomic arms .


A policy which breaks with military


alliances like Nato and seeks friendship


with the Soviet Union can prevent another


betrayal like that of the '30s . Shipbuilding


Draughtsmen , writing in his personal capa-


city : * # I WAS pleased to read J. R. Camp-


bell's article , for , as president of a union


which fought for and still stands on the


policy decisions established at the Scar-


borough Labour Party Conference I am


appalled at the character of the current


For many years my union had to present its views


to the two major conferences of the movement and


take a licking . For us , unity meant accepting


unpalatable majority decisions as binding on the


movement and having a go next time . Alongside


many others , we conducted our fight by putting


down # unambiguous alternatives to


official policy and seeking to win majorities


for them .


When Scarborough carried our point of view


we were naturally delighted , more so because


the alternatives had been put clearly to the


movement , which had then chosen a vigorous


anti-Nato , anti-Tory , anti-bomb and anti-German


rearmament policy . Hopes rose as we saw a


perspective of sharp struggle based on consistent


lines of difference with the Tories . Many members


understood that the bread-and-butter struggles


of the union would become easier in the context


For we have always felt , even


if we have then by our practice


ignored it , the inconsistency


between support for the war


alliance , with resulting colossal


spending on armaments , and our


basic effort to improve living


standards . Instead , we saw the


Gaitskellites using the position


of organisational dominance


established during their years


They obstructed every effort to fight for the


Scarborough decisions , while # scratching


around frantically to overturn them next


time . Confusion of the original issue


by misrepresentation of the decisions ,


the introduction of a pseudo third way


and the call for party unity - in effect ,


a demand that the movement unite


with the Gaitskellites on their policy


and no other seems to have done the


trick of moving a number of unions


It would become easy to become cynical and


to despair . And yet , wherever the issues were put


clearly , sections of the movement reaffirmed their


original stand . Only where the issues were


posed so as to cause doubt and confusion


were positions lost . It is my view that this


immediate confusion hides the fact that the


Peace movement is still advancing and that


clarification of the issues can bring a


majority to # secure the Scarborough


decisions .


Powerful units have stood firm .


In unions where the central issues


were confused , clear policy details -


as on bases - were decisively carried .


This , and the numbers of active


workers who are beginning to understand


how and why the trick was done ,


provides a strong , immediate basis


for a campaign against weak and


doubtful positions , and for a consistent


peace policy .


All recent events show how correct the


Scarborough decisions were . The Kennedy


Administration's sharpened policies , the


speeded-up drive to improve West


Germany's armament , the new attempt


to rush Britain into the European Common


Market , and the kite-flying on Spain


present a whole new proof that to abandon


Scarborough is to expose Britain and her


working class to sharp new dangers - that


Gaitskellism is bankrupt .


Ordinary working people will never


rally to defend a policy founded on


political chicanery or elect a Labour


Government to carry through Tory policy -


Gaitskell's stupid hope . The tragedy is


that enormous inroads could already


have been made into Tory strength by


a fighting policy , based on Scarborough .


THE desire for unity in the Labour and


trade union movement following the


At the same time that unity cannot be


established on a false basis , or by creating


further confusion within the movement . Unity


will never be established on the basis of leaders


being a law unto themselves and opposing


conference decisions when it suits their own


convenience . Unity can never be established by


any formula uniting those who oppose German


troops being trained on British soil and Polaris ,


and those who are for this policy - which is the


same as that of the Tory Government .


It is impossible for Labour's new Defence state-


ment to unite the movement as the Labour


leaders are not only in favour of American


bases , but are in favour of German bases and


troops being trained on British soil . The new


Defence statement , while accepting that Britain can-


not remain an independent nuclear Power , now


supports the policy of depending on American


nuclear weapons and the H-bomb , placing


Britain in an even more dangerous position .


The statement of Padley and Crossman is no


different in principle to the new defence statement .


They accept American nuclear bases , and also


the use of nuclear weapons and nuclear strategy


until some future date . They deceive the people


by their talk of political and collective control


of Nato . The Pentagon has made it perfectly


clear who controls the American H-bomb , and


who will actually give the instructions to press


the button for nuclear warfare .


There is only one way to develop unity and


at the same time defend Britain . This


was shown at the Scottish Trades Union


Congress , representing 800,000 organised


trade unionists , when it decided by overwhelming


votes , to reaffirm the Scarborough decisions


on unilateral disarmament , and to oppose


Polaris and military bases being installed on


the Holy Loch , or any other part of Britain .


Such a policy would unite the whole movement


and lay the basis for the defeat of the


present Tory Government , which has become a


real menace to the British people both in


home and foreign policy . It is quite evident


that the movement will go on record against


the Polaris base and facilities for German bases


and military training .


This should strengthen the campaign to


end the manufacture and use of


nuclear weapons in Britain . Britain then


could play a leading and independent


role for an international agreement to ban


all nuclear strategy and weapons of mass


destruction , and lay the basis for real


peace and progress . WHEN all the


ballyhoo about Commonwealth Training


Week subsides it is doubtful whether more


than a handful of new apprenticeships


This week of window dressing will not prevent


most of the hopeful 15-year-olds leaving school


in six weeks time from ending up in blind alley


jobs . It needs more than 10,000 church parades


and open days at techs , more than descents into


Brighton's sewers or balloon ascents over


Wolverhampton for Britain's technical training to


catch up with the space age .


The heli-hopping Duke of Edinburgh ,


opening a few technical college extensions ,


will not keep us abreast of the


scientific revolution . Out of the 550,000


young people aged 15-17 starting


work in 1960 420000 ( 73 per cent )


went into unskilled work . The per-


centage is expected to swell to 80


next year . The Duke , possibly


speaking from experience , stated :


But the Duke is wrong when he implies that young people


prefer unskilled jobs . Countless numbers who want training


are denied it . One area electricity board in 1958


offered six craft apprenticeships and received 450


applications , of whom 100 were considered suitable by


the board . There were only 17 vacancies for the 58


boys who passed the Admiralty exams for Rosyth


dockyard last year .


The production by Bill Duncalf


compressed a long and sometimes rambling


story into a concentrated comprehensive


survey of a life work . P. J. K. HANS WERNER


HENZE'S " Elegy for Young Lovers " is the first


unambiguously " contemporary " work to be


admitted to the Glyndebourne canon . By no


means a masterpiece , it is in many respects


a representative modern work and the composer


is a highly skilled manipulator of contemporary


idioms , with a strong sense of words and situation .


The libretto , by W. H. Auden and Chester Kallman ,


is largely a satire on the petty court


surrounding an ageing poet , whose deeply


egocentric character leads him to sacrifice


everything to his need of inspiration . Henze


obtains his musical characterisation by means


of individual instrumental timbres and " personal "


intervals , and the result is often less delineation


of character than caricature . This is also the chief ,


or at least the most successfully executed trait


of the libretto , which contains an odd blend of highly


The evil that Byron did certainly lived after


him , and was even outmatched by the


mischief perpetrated by almost every person


who had been close to him . In turning over


the bones Doris Langley Moore has brought


to light a great deal of discreditable


behaviour and a vision of mischief-


making propensities of the leisured


classes in the early 19th century which


leaves one a little breathless .


AFTER ten days of intermittent , near fatal


ennui , the eleventh Berlin International


Film Festival was suddenly jolted back to


life by two extraordinary films , Bernhard


Wicki's " Das Wunder des Malachias " ( " The


Miracle of Father Malachias " ) and Michael-


angelo Antonioni's " La Notte . " The num-


ber of German film directors who have


made first rate works in the last 25 years


can be counted on the fingers of one


It would now seem that Wicki's name must


be added to this list , for his new film


may well be a landmark in the revitali-


sation of the German cinema . Wicki is


not only a director . He began his career


as an actor , had his first important


film ro*?5le in Ka"utner's " Die letzt


Bru"cke , " and he also appears in the


new Antonioni film .


In 1950 he began to take photographs not


only in Germany but also in Africa and


America . An exhibition of these works which


is now on view in a Berlin gallery is most im-


pressive . As Friedrich Du"rrenmatt , the Swiss


playwright and author , wrote : " Wicki's blacks


and greys are not only the colours of the


lost and the forgotten , but they are also the


technical means of abstraction .


Every unnecessary detail , all superfluous local


colouring must be eliminated . He does not


want the accuracy of a police photograph ,


but rather he wants to show the eternal in


every instant . " The chilling horror of " Mala-


chias " is due as much to Wicki the photo-


grapher as to Wicki the director . His earlier


film , " Die Bru"cke , " was equally terrifying ,


but here the director moves out of the world


of reality into an icy supernatural vacuum


Following Bruce Marshall's original novel with


considerable fidelity , the film tells the story


of a little monk who prays that a disrepu-


table night club near his church be re-


moved . One night his prayer is answered


and the offending establishment is suddenly


transplanted to an island in the North Sea .


But Father Malachias's troubles have only


begun . Instead of having the desired effect ,


the miracle becomes exploited by a group


Soon a carnival springs up on the sight of


the missing building . The Church rebukes the


poor monk for his miracle , and as a


crowning indignity the night club is


given a gala society reopening on the


island . Father Malachias goes to the island ,


prays , and in a second miracle the


night club is replaced in its original


setting .


A summary of the story can give almost


indication of the scope of Wicki's artistry . He


tells his story best in the faces of his crowds ,


recording every wrinkle and drop of sweat


with brutal honesty , building up to a


tremendous climax in the island orgy .


Here , the guests arrive in ghost-like yachts ,


the wildly flapping white sails slashed by


the glaring beacon of a lighthouse .


When the final miracle does occur , it is accepted as a


marvellous joke ; no one has learned anything . Wicki


suddenly returns to the city for a final epilogue . In


complete silence he shows the faces of people


walking in the streets , smug , content , satisfied ,


and thoroughly frightening . Wicki has


succeeded in his second film in


recording his personal apocalypse of the


last days of a sick society .


It is most unfair to call " Malachias " a cut-rate


" Dolce Vita , " for it is far more intimate and deeply


felt . In 1944 Herbert Selpin tried a similar feat


in " Titanic " by paralleling the last days of the


Third Reich with the sinking of the great ocean liner ,


and paid for his audacity with his life .


Strangely enough , the Berlin audience received


the film with extreme coolness , much preferring


Jean-Luc Godard's disappointing " Une Femme


est une Femme , " a ninety-one minute hymn


to " Vogue , " " Cahiers du Cinema , " and the


worst aspects of the American cinema . From


a brilliantly funny start , the work fizzles


out into a series of repetitious sight-gags


and personal jokes incomprehensible to the


uninitiated ( including four plugs for Charles


Aznavour ) .


This director is at last being re-evaluated and


given his proper place in the history of the


German film . Most charming was his tongue-in-cheek


" Unheimliche Geschichten " ( 1920 ) , five ghost stories


with a light touch , and there was much to admire


in " Dreyfus " ( 1930 ) and the virtually unknown


but extremely important " 1914 " ( 1931 ) , which


tries to show that it took more than just


Germany to start the First World War .


Sentence Database C02-059


Prizes being what they are , Berlin is unusually


generous in giving everyone something , and silver


bears are awarded in every direction . Both the


Antonioni and Wicki films took high honours ,


and the audience at the awards was particularly


enthusiastic when one Miss Anna Kerima was selected


as best actress for her work in the Godard


film . Gifted with an interesting face , although little


acting ability , she would seem to be well


worth watching in the months to come .


It has a great look of speed and technical fun


about it , of enormous cinematic enjoyment , and


above all of cinematic sense . Much of it has


that air of improvisation , as of off-the-cuff


living , that once seemed so new and so


attractive . The story ( not that the story , in the


sense of plot , matters much ; but in the sense of


situation and movement it matters a lot ) is


that of a man on the run ( Jean-Paul Belmondo ) ,


who spends a few days with an American girl


Belmondo reappears at the Paris Pullman


in Moderato Cantabile ( curiously trans-


lated into Seven Days ... Seven Nights ...


A certificate ) , Peter Brook's film made


in France and shown last autumn at


the London Film Festival . In spite of


magnificent performances from him and


from Jeanne Moreau , this has been fairly


well trounced by the critics wherever it


has appeared . Leisurely , even slow ,


With a large blond youth of quite


dazzling dumbness called Troy


Donahue ; and Claudette Colbert , still


charming amid the nonsense , and Karl


Malden not knowing how to take it ,


all rolling eyeballs like a villain


from East Lynne .


The film version of Miss Shelagh Delaney's


play A Taste of Honey opens at the Leicester


Square Theatre tomorrow . It has been produced


an directed by Mr. Tony Richardson , who is also


part-author with Miss Delaney of the script ,


and the great advantages to be derived from


this unity of conception and control are


everywhere apparent .


The film version of Miss Shelagh Delaney's play A


Taste of Honey opens at the Leicester Square Theatre


tomorrow . It has been produced and directed by


Mr. Tony Richardson , who is also part-author with


Miss Delaney of the script , and the great advantages


to be derived from this unity of conception and control


are everywhere apparent .


The film version of Miss Shelagh Delaney's play


A Taste of Honey opens at the Leicester Square


Theatre tomorrow . It has been produced and


directed by Mr. Tony Richardson , who is also part-


author with Miss Delaney of the script , and


the great advantages to be derived from this


unity of conception and control are everywhere


apparent .


The film version of Miss Shelagh Delaney's


play A Taste of Honey opens at the Leicester


Square Theatre tomorrow . It has been pro-


duced and directed by Mr. Tony Richardson ,


who is also part-author with Miss Delaney


of the script , and the great advantages to


be derived from this unity of conception and


control are everywhere apparent .


Square Theatre tomorrow . It has been produced


and directed by Mr. Tony Richardson , who is


also part-author with Miss Delaney of the


script , and the great advantages to be


derived from this unity of conception and


play A Taste of Honey opens at the


Leicester Square Theatre tomorrow . It has


been produced and directed by Mr. Tony


Richardson , who is also part-author with


Miss Delaney of the script , and the great


advantages to be derived from this unity


of conception and control are everywhere


apparent .


This is not a filmed play . It has been


conceived throughout in terms of the cinema ,


and again and again it is the visual qualities


of the story , and the marriage of the central


characters to their background , which bring


the film so vividly to life . In Fanny , which


also has its premiere tomorrow , the director ,


Mr. Joshua Logan , attempted but failed to create


the atmosphere of a city .


This is not a filmed play . It has been conceived


throughout in terms of the cinema , and again and


again it is the visual qualities of the story , and


the marriage of the central characters to their


background , which bring the film so vividly to life .


In Fanny , which also has its premiere tomorrow ,


the director , Mr. Joshua Logan , attempted but failed


to create the atmosphere of a city .


In A Taste of Honey Mr. Richardson has taken


a town in the industrial North of England


and has made it live . The shabby streets


and wet pavements , the school play-grounds ,


the public monuments and the rubbish


strewn canals - even the worn head-stones


in the churchyard , " sacred to the memory of " -


are seen as an integral part of the story .


This is not a filmed play . It has been con-


ceived throughout in terms of the cinema , and


again and again it is the visual qualities of


the story , and the marriage of the central


characters to their background , which bring the


film so vividly to life . In Fanny , which also


has its premiere tomorrow , the director , Mr.


Joshua Logan , attempted but failed to


create the atmosphere of a city .


This is not a filmed play . It has been conceived


throughout in terms of the cinema , and again


and again it is the visual qualities of the


story , and the marriage of the central charac-


ters to their background , which bring the


film so vividly to life . In Fanny , which


also has its premiere tomorrow , the director ,


Mr. Joshua Logan , attempted but failed to


ceived throughout in terms of the cinema ,


and again and again it is the visual qualities


of the story , and the marriage of the central


characters to their background , which bring


the film so vividly to life . In Fanny , which


This is not a filmed play . It has been concei-


ved throughout in terms of the cinema ,


of the story , and the marriage of the


central characters to their background ,


which bring the film so vividly to life . In


Fanny , which also has its premiere tomorrow ,


the director , Mr. Joshua Logan , attempted


but failed to create the atmosphere of


a city .


In A Taste of Honey Mr. Richardson has


taken a town in the industrial North of England


and has made it live . The shabby streets and


wet pavements , the school play-grounds , the


public monuments and the rubbish strewn canals -


even the worn head-stones in the churchyard ,


" sacred to the memory of " - are seen as an


integral part of the story .


In A Taste of Honey Mr. Richardson has taken a


town in the industrial North of England and


has made it live . The shabby streets and wet pavements ,


the school play-grounds , the public monuments and


the rubbish strewn canals - even the worn


head-stones in the churchyard , " sacred to the


memory of " - are seen as an integral part of


the story .


In A Taste of Honey Mr. Richardson has taken


a town in the industrial North of England


and has made it live . The shabby streets


and wet pavements , the school play-grounds ,


the public monuments and the rubbish strewn


canals - even the worn head-stones in the


churchyard , " sacred to the memory of "


- are seen as an integral part of the


story .


In A Taste of Honey Mr. Richardson has


taken a town in the industrial North of


England and has made it live . The shabby


streets and wet pavements , the school


play-grounds , the public monuments and


the rubbish strewn canals - even the


worn head-stones in the churchyard , " sacred


to the memory of " - are seen as an


integral part of the story .


streets and wet pavements , the school play-


grounds , the public monuments and the


rubbish strewn canals - even the worn


head-stones in the churchyard , " sacred to


the memory of " - are seen as an integral


part of the story .


the memory of " - are seen as an inte-


gral part of the story .


But there is heart in the telling , and an


intense realism in the situation . A young


girl lives in a single dingy room with


her slatternly , promiscuous mother . In such


surroundings she learns sex is something


sordid , and when she experiences it for the


first time herself it is incoherently , clumsily ,


but half inquisitively . As is the case in Fanny


her first lover is a sailor who leaves her


to bear his child and sails away .


But there is heart in the telling , and an intense


realism in the situation . A young girl lives in


a single dingy room with her slatternly ,


promiscuous mother . In such surroundings she


learns sex is something sordid , and when she


experiences it for the first time herself it


is incoherently , clumsily , but half shyly and


half inquisitively . As is the case in Fanny her


first lover is a sailor who leaves her to bear


his child and sails away .


But there is heart in the telling , and an


intense realism in the situation . A young


girl lives in a single dingy room with her


slatternly , promiscuous mother . In such


surroundings she learns sex is something sordid ,


and when she experiences it for the first time


herself it is incoherently , clumsily , but half


shyly and half inquisitively . As is the case in


Fanny her first lover is a sailor who leaves


her to bear his child and sails away .


girl lives in a single dingy room with


her slatternly , promiscuous mother . In such


surroundings she learns sex is something


sordid , and when she experiences it for


the first time herself it is incoherently , clumsily ,


but half shyly and half inquisitively . As


is the case in Fanny her first lover is a sailor


who leaves her to bear his child and sails


away .


sordid , and when she experiences it for the


first time herself it is incoherently ,


clumsily , but half shyly and half in-


quisitively . As is the case in Fanny her


first lover is a sailor who leaves her to


bear his child and sails away .


In Fanny the pregnant girl is befriended by


an old man . Here it is a young homosexual ,


estranged from women but yet moved by a


strong maternal instinct to the unborn child


as much as to the expectant mother , who acts


as a protector and comforter to her in her


hour of need . He shares her room and gives


her his forlorn gift of companionship and sym-


pathy - " you need someone to love you while


you are looking for someone to love " .


In Fanny the pregnant girl is befriended by an old


man . Here it is a young homosexual , estranged from


women but yet moved by a strong maternal instinct to


the unborn child as much as to the expectant mother ,


who acts as a protector and comforter to her in her hour


of need . He shares her room and gives her his forlorn


gift of companionship and sympathy - " you need


someone to love you while you are looking for


someone to love " .


In Fanny the pregnant girl is befriended by an


old man . Here it is a young homosexual , estranged


from women but yet moved by a strong maternal


instinct to the unborn child as much as to the


expectant mother , who acts as a protector and


comforter to her in her hour of need . He


shares her room and gives her his forlorn gift


of companionship and sympathy - " you need someone


to love you while you are looking for


In Fanny the pregnant girl is befriended by


an old man . Here it is a young homosexual ,


estranged from women but yet moved by a


strong maternal instinct to the unborn child


as much as to the expectant mother , who


acts as a protector and comforter to her in


her hour of need . He shares her room and gives


her his forlorn gift of companionship and


sympathy - " you need someone to love you while


you are looking for someone to love " .


In Fanny the pregnant girl is befriended


by an old man . Here it is a young homo-


sexual , estranged from women but yet moved


by a strong maternal instinct to the unborn


child as much as to the expectant mother ,


who acts as a protector and comforter to


her in her hour of need . He shares her room


and gives her his forlorn gift of com-


panionship and sympathy - " you need someone


to love you while you are looking for


someone to love " .


sexual , estranged from women but yet


moved by a strong maternal instinct to


the unborn child as much as to the


expectant mother , who acts as a protector


and comforter to her in her hour of need .


He shares her room and gives her his


forlorn gift of companionship and sympathy -


" you need someone to love you while you


Arguably , the dramatist has committed a


technical error in allowing Irene to speak


for herself ; we would be altogether clearer


in our minds about her if she remained


a flawed but beautiful enigma , seen but not


heard . However , Miss Pinkie Johnstone makes her


few brief scenes effective , and Mr. Dinsdale


Landen , in the longest and most exacting role ,


that of the sergeant , gives a performance of


rare intelligence and restrained power .


technical error in allowing Irene to speak for


herself ; we would be altogether clearer in our


minds about her if she remained a flawed but


beautiful enigma , seen but not heard . However ,


Miss Pinkie Johnstone makes her few brief scenes


effective , and Mr. Dinsdale Landen , in


the longest and most exacting role , that of the


sergeant , gives a performance of rare intelligence


and restrained power .


Arguably , the dramatist has committed a technical


error in allowing Irene to speak for herself ;


we would be altogether clearer in our minds


about her if she remained a flawed but beautiful


enigma , seen but not heard . However , Miss Pinkie


Johnstone makes her few brief scenes effective , and


Mr. Dinsdale Landen , in the longest and most


exacting role , that of the sergeant , gives a performance


of rare intelligence and restrained power .


Arguably , the dramatist has committed a


technical error in allowing Irene to speak


for herself ; we would be altogether clearer


in our minds about her if she remained


a flawed but beautiful enigma , seen but


not heard . However , Miss Pinkie Johnstone


makes her few brief scenes effective , and Mr.


Dinsdale Landen , in the longest and most


exacting role , that of the sergeant , gives


a performance of rare intelligence and


restrained power .


makes her few brief scenes effective , and


exacting role , that of the sergeant , gives a perfor-


mance of rare intelligence and restrained


power .


in our minds about her if she remained a


flawed but beautiful enigma , seen but not


heard . However , Miss Pinkie Johnstone


exacting role , that of the sergeant , gives a


performance of rare intelligence and restrained


Mr. Bryan Stonehouse's production is quietly


effective , giving full value to the formal elements


of Betti's writing without over-emphasizing


them . Last night's play in the " Play of the


Week " series on independent television , Then


We Fall , by Mr. Paul Ferris , was a morality


on the not unfamiliar theme of the destructive


power of unbridled ambition .


Mr. Bryan Stonehouse's production is quietly effective ,


giving full value to the formal elements of Betti's


writing without over-emphasizing them . Last night's


play in the " Play of the Week " series on indepen-


dent television , Then We Fall , by Mr. Paul Ferris ,


was a morality on the not unfamiliar theme of


the destructive power of unbridled ambition .


effective , giving full value to the formal


elements of Betti's writing without over-


emphasizing them . Last night's play in the


" Play of the Week " series on independent


television , Then We Fall , by Mr. Paul Fer-


ris , was a morality on the not unfamiliar


theme of the destructive power of unbridled


ambition .


Mr. Bryan Stonehouse's production is quietly


effective , giving full value to the formal elements


of Betti's writing without over-emphasizing


them . Last night's play in the " Play of the


Week " series on independent television , Then We


Fall , by Mr. Paul Ferris , was a morality on


the not unfamiliar theme of the destructive


power of unbridled ambition .


Mr. Bryan Stonehouse's production is


quietly effective , giving full value to the


formal elements of Betti's writing without


over-emphasizing them . Last night's play


in the " Play of the Week " series on


independent television , Then We Fall , by


Mr. Paul Ferris , was a morality on the not


unfamiliar theme of the destructive power


of unbridled ambition .


It went , perhaps , some distance beyond most


treatments of its subject by attempting to


generate a melodramatic inevitability which


left its central character and the world


around him in complete , unredeemable desolation .


We could , perhaps , say whether or not the attempt


succeeded if we had a little more faith in the


way in which Mr. Ferris manipulated his


characters .


way in which Mr. Ferris manipulated


his characters .


It went , perhaps , some distance beyond most treatments


of its subject by attempting to generate a melo-


dramatic inevitability which left its central character


and the world around him in complete , unredee-


mable desolation . We could , perhaps , say whether


or not the attempt succeeded if we had a


little more faith in the way in which Mr.


Ferris manipulated his characters .


It went , perhaps , some distance beyond


most treatments of its subject by


attempting to generate a melodramatic


inevitability which left its central character


and the world around him in complete ,


unredeemable desolation . We could , perhaps ,


say whether or not the attempt succeeded


of we had a little more faith in the


way in which Mr. Ferris manipulated


his characters .


It went , perhaps , some distance beyond most


treatments of its subject by attempting to


generate a melodramatic inevitability


which left its central character and the world


around him in complete , unredeemable de-


solation . We could , perhaps , say whether or not


the attempt succeeded if we had a little more


faith in the way in which Mr. Ferris mani-


pulated his characters .


most treatments of its subject by attempting


to generate a melodramatic inevitability


which left its central character and the


world around him in complete , unredeemable


desolation . We could , perhaps , say whether


or not the attempt succeeded if we had a


little more faith in the way in which Mr.


Ferris manipulated his characters .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always insensi-


tively pushing , Miss Sheila Allen his wife ,


always palely appealing , Mr. James Maxwell ,


the editor , always comically abashed by the


events , and Mr. Aubrey Richards , the father-in-


law , always comically grotesque ; they were


not asked to modulate from their set moods


but played with proper efficiency and , in


the case of Mr. Richards , with lavish and


suitably gaudy colour .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always


insensitively pushing , Miss Sheila Allen his


wife , always palely appealing , Mr. James Maxwell ,


events , and Mr. Aubrey Richards , the father-in-law ,


always comically grotesque ; they were not asked


to modulate from their set moods but played


with proper efficiency and , in the case of Mr.


Richards , with lavish and suitably gaudy


colour .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always insensitively


pushing , Miss Sheila Allen his wife , always palely


appealing , Mr. James Maxwell , the editor , always


comically abashed by the events , and Mr. Aubrey


Richards , the father-in-law , always comically


grotesque ; they were not asked to modulate from


their set moods but played with proper effi-


ciency and , in the case of Mr. Richards , with


lavish and suitably gaudy colour .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always


insensitively pushing , Miss Sheila Allen


his wife , always palely appealing , Mr.


James Maxwell , the editor , always comi-


cally abashed by the events , and Mr.


Aubrey Richards , the father-in-law , always


comically grotesque ; they were not


asked to modulate from their set moods


but played with proper efficiency and ,


in the case of Mr. Richards , with lavish


and suitably gaudy colour .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always insen-


sitively pushing , Miss Sheila Allen his wife ,


always palely appealing , Mr. James Maxwell ,


the editor , always comically abashed by


the events , and Mr. Aubrey Richards , the


father-in-law , always comically grotesque ;


they were not asked to modulate from


their set moods but played with proper


efficiency and , in the case of Mr. Richards ,


with lavish and suitably gaudy colour .


Mr. William Lucas ( Morris ) is always insensi-


tively pushing , Miss Sheila Allen his wife ,


Only Mr. Lucas's actions , therefore , arose


explicably from appreciable motives . The rest ,


one feels , were driven to effective action by


the author in spite of the ineffectuality


with which he had endowed them . One


hopes that he is not asking us to believe


that , because of their odd accents , they


act oddly like the queer foreigners of


tradition .


explicably from appreciable motives . The


rest , one feels , were driven to effective action


by the author in spite of the ineffectuality


with which he had endowed them . One hopes


that he is not asking us to believe that ,


because of their odd accents , they act oddly


like the queer foreigners of tradition .


Only Mr. Lucas's actions , therefore , arose explicably


from appreciable motives . The rest , one feels , were


driven to effective action by the author in spite


of the ineffectuality with which he had


endowed them . One hopes that he is not


asking us to believe that , because of their odd


accents , they act oddly like the queer foreigners


of tradition .


Only Mr. Lucas's actions , therefore , arose


rest , one feels , were driven to effective


action by the author in spite of the


ineffectuality with which he had endowed


them . One hopes that he is not asking


us to believe that , because of their odd


accents , they act oddly like the queer


foreigners of tradition .


rest , one feels , were driven to effective action by


the author in spite of the ineffectuality with


which he had endowed them . One hopes that he


is not asking us to believe that , because of


their odd accents , they act oddly like the


queer foreigners of tradition .


explicably from appreciable motives . The


them . One hopes that he is not asking us


to believe that , because of their odd


NEXT month that friendly , effervescent performer Frankie


Vaughan will burst on to the London Palladium stage


in a new show . To paraphrase his well-known ditty :


" He 'll have the limelight , they 'll give him the girls -


and leave the rest to him . "


I have a hunch that he will feel more at home in the


old , star-studded West End than he will ever feel in


Hollywood . His American bosses , 20th-Century Fox , have


recently given Frankie the full , razzamataz , red-carpet


treatment . But they haven't done a thing for his film


career that Anna Neagle and Herbert Wilcox were not


doing better here , before the platinum-plated Hollywood


carrot was dangled before his nose .


In his first Hollywood picture , " Let 's Make Love , " he


was swamped by the know-how of Marilyn Monroe


and Yves Montand . Against this couple Frankie , in


a cardboard role , didn't stand a chance . Now comes


" The Right Approach " ( Rialto , " A " ) , and it 's a glum


business . He plays an aspiring actor - a


selfish , arrogant , brash , ambitious , unscrupulous heel -


who would tread on anybody's neck to get a break in


the Hollywood ratrace .


He double-crosses the five pals with whom he lives ,


cheats a waitress ( Juliet Prowse ) and cynically uses


a magazine editress ( Martha Hyer ) to get ahead .


Frankie Vaughan is too nice a chap to ring quite


true as a smooth-tongued , ill-mannered Yank . His


best moments are when he swings breezily into the


title song .


But 6,000 miles seems a heck of a way to go


for a new hit song . He might be well advised to


think hard and long before his next jump into the


Hollywood arena .


VERDICT : Vaughan should have by-passed this approach .


RONALD Lewis has just left for his first taste of the


Hollywood treatment , thanks to a sound performance in


" Taste of Fear " ( Warner Theatre , " X " ) .


He has earned his break . The film is a well-made


variation on that sinister yarn in which half the cast


try to persuade the heroine that she is out of her mind .


Despite flagrant cheating the eerie atmosphere is


built up neatly . Susan Strasberg is the crippled


damsel in distress .


Stepmother Ann Todd and doctor Christopher Lee are


also effectively around . They provide some chilly red


herrings in this " Find-the-body " thriller . VERDICT :


Don't believe all you see and hear !


NOT for the first time the homely mug of Sidney


James has pumped life into a slim , strained


comedy . He does his rescue act in " Double Bunk "


( Leicester-square Theatre , " A " ) .


Navigator Sid is a tower of strength when


newly-weds Ian Carmichael and Janette Scott let


loose their ancient houseboat on a honeymoon trip down


the river . The film starts off brightly enough but ,


half-way through , the plot ( as well as the boat ) springs


a near-disastrous leak . Familiar members of Britain's


repertory team of comedy character-actors jump through


equally familiar hoops to mild laughter .


VERDICT : The " bunk " needed doubling .


V's


" Drama '61 " last night as a smooth ,


scheming jewel thief in a play by Jacques


Gillies , " The Takers . " A polished production


by Quentin Lawrence , here , held together


by Mr. Houston's accomplished


performance as the master mind behind a


gang of crooks .


This plot to rob a French millionaire of 300,000


worth of jewellery struck me as ingenious . The play


had style , moved at a quick pace and everyone did


well . But it was Mr. Houston's evening .


Earlier , on the Palladium show I found Stanley


Holloway's act too long and not particularly


entertaining . It was also a mistake to


re-book Gene Detroy and his performing chimpanzees


so soon after their previous appearance .


Their offering last night differed little


from their earlier act on this show a week


or so ago . But the Mudlarks , with Jeff Mudd


out of the Army and back with sister Mary


and brother Fred , were in bright , zestful


form . Why only two numbers , though ? It


C


Whitehall farce last night , looked like


a rabbit warren in a field of corn .


I can't recall a production where so many


comics bolted in and out of holes so often .


The jokes were a reshuffle of the same old


lot - this time Brian Rix lost his skirt instead


of his trousers . The action moved at tremendous


speed , backed by some wonderful timing by


the cast . I especially liked the tea-cup


scene where six of the cast changed


cups with the dexterity of Chinese jugglers .


Carole Shelley as the newly-wed and Larry Noble


as Smiler Perkins were the most laughable . They


alone used a sharp edge to their humour and cut


through the gormless standing corn around them . Perhaps


it was accidental - I hope not . If ever a bag of


humour needed a thorough shaking up the Whitehall


farce is it when it comes to television .


HOW do you get on records ? Well , you 've got


to have something different . Sing slightly flat .


All the good singers sing in tune . Twang a guitar


slightly off key . Everybody 's fed up with the


right way - so the best-seller charts say . Play


an OLD 2pianna instead of a new one . You got to


get it into your head , son ... people


don't like things as they should be - not on


record , anyway .


Thus , musician David Lisbon's chances of being a starred


disc solo pianist were greatly enhanced when he dug out


A PACKET OF DRAWING-PINS . " Why not , " thought ex-soldier


Mr. Lisbon , who is twenty-three , and lives in Dagenham , Essex ,


" press a thumb-tack into the nose of the hammers that strike


the piano strings ? " He did , on his piano at home . There weren't


enough tacks and he got only the middle hammers done .


Then he tried it out for sound . Um-chink ...


um-chink ... it went . Slightly flat and jangly in


part . DELIGHTFUL ! He put the sound on tape . The


tape went to the Philips company . Within two


days Mr. Lisbon had a record contract . And they


hauled his thumb-tacked joanna the thirteen


miles to London for his first session .


Now along comes his solo disc , featuring two of his own


compositions , " Deerstalker " and " Almost Grown Up . " VERDICT :


Mr. Lisbon has it taped . And tacked . And he says : " Just as well


I had only one box of tacks - it might have been so


different ... . " More news from the ivory-thumping dept. ...


Russ Conway , who has tinkled his way to fame on an old 2pianna ,


comes in with another of his own works : " Parade of the


Poppets " ( Columbia ) .


But not one of his nimble-fingered best . GERMANY'S Russ


Conway is a pianist who calls himself CRAZY OTTO . But


nothing crazy about his pianistics . He pounds merrily away


at a piece called " Piccadilly " ( Polydor ) . I find it cute .


American pianist Floyd Cramer , who played for Elvis on " It 's


Now or Never , " looks like having a success on his own with


" On the Rebound " ( RCA ) .


NEW boy on the vocal front is


Rolly Daniels , who comes 5,000 miles


from India to seek disc fame . Comedian Hal


Monty saw him in Bombay , became his manager .


And such is Hal's faith that he brings him to


Europe . Now Rolly gets his big break - a


record , the modern Aladdin's lamp of


show business .


Become a success with a disc and hey presto ! You 're a star ... . Rolly sings with


assuredness " Bella Bella Marie " ( Parlophone ) , a lively song that changes tempo mid-way .


I don't think he will storm the charts with this one , but it 's a good start .


CHRIS CHARLES , 39 , who lives in Stockton-on-Tees , is an accountant .


He is also a director of a couple of garages . And he finds time as well to be a lyric


writer . He writes with Tolchard Evans , composer of " Lady of Spain " and other big hits .


Tolch , as he is known in Tin Pan Alley , likes songs with a month in the title . He wrote


" My September Love , " the big David Whitfield hit of 1956 .


" Let 's have another song with a month in it , " said Tolch . Mr.


Charles obliged with " April Serenade . " This week it appears , a


tuneful melody sung impeccably by Robert Earl ( Philips ) . PRODUCER


C tonight


with Robert Harbin's " Mystery and Magic " ( 7.30 ) . After six years


with the Corporation , during which he started " Juke Box Jury " and


directed " Six-Five Special , " Turner is aiming to go into free-lance


V , film and stage production work .


C , " he


told me . " We mutually agreed to part . "


Escapologist Dill-Russell is a guest in Harbin's


show tonight . Boxing fans can see an eight-round


feather-weight contest between Chris Elliot and


C , 8.25 ) . A


SONGS-OF-BRITAIN medley is sung by David


C , 9.30 p.m. ) .


The numbers include " Scotland the Brave , " " Men of Harlech , "


" McNamara's Band , " " Greensleeves " and " English Rose . "


V , 9.35 p.m. ) .


She plays the possessive mother of a man whose hobby revolves


round a doll's house .


THREE people will be hypnotised in tonight's " Lifeline "


C , 10.15 ) .


They will be asked to comment on the design of everyday articles


such as a chair and a motor-car . The idea is to see what happens when


parts of the mind not normally available without hypnosis are used .


V have postponed Malcolm Muggeridge's " Appointment with


playwright Arnold Wesker . " Instead , Muggeridge's appointment


will be with Sir Roy Welensky the Premier of the Federation


of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ( 10.30 p.m. ) .


V , the producers : " We decided to make


the switch because of the topicality of African


affairs . The Wesker interview will be seen at a later


date . " ACTOR Tom Courtenay was an outstanding


V's " Private Potter , " his


V part . The play was a brilliantly-written


essay on soldiering which stated that a fighting


man could only be regarded as a machine .


Potter screamed during an action , and was arrested . He


claimed he had seen a vision of God - only the padre and his


O believed him . Courtenay played the part with a gawky ,


Northern defiance . The cameras played continuously on his


craggy face , and obstinate , baffled eyes . They stripped


him of his ugly battle-dress , to leave him for


what he was - Potter , a frightened boy who had a


vision .


It was a splendid interpretation of the


part . The rest of the cast were well chosen ,


with James Maxwell making a fine job of the


O . Paul Daneman gave another


first-class performance last night as a


C's


" The Little Key . "


The play was no more than a figment of


the imagination which asked the viewer to


believe in a beautiful ghost . It would have been


an impossible piece of television but for clever


production by Michael Hayes . He captured


the atmosphere of fog and mystery to great


effect . MORE than 100 viewers complained to


C last night that an American film ,


" Britain - Blood , Sweat , and Tears ... Plus


Twenty Years , " was anti-British .


The film replaced " What 's My Line ? " and " Be My


Guest " programmes because of an electricians'


strike . It showed Britain today through the eyes


V reporter , Eric Sevareid , and


British personalities . Among them - Professor


Dennis Brogan , Shelagh Delaney , and Alan Sillitoe .


The film covered a wide aspect of the British


scene , ranging from pubs , the Eton wall game ,


to the European Common Market .


Shelagh Delaney and Alan Sillitoe attacked


education . It was left to reporter Sevareid


to make the strongest criticisms . He said


that in the race of the modern nations ,


Britain was slipping behind ... .


IT is mid-morning on a Dublin Sunday . The streets


are tranquilly sunny and still , for the town


is at Mass . Most of it . In the front room of


a house in Anglesey-road is a congregation who


never actually got to church , but who are


gathered with devotion around Brendan Behan


and a brandy bottle .


Where the 2bhoys are . In the hallway are


the empties ; through the door hearts are


full , hopes are high . There are still a few


amber inches in the bottle . Present are some


hard-core Friends of Brendan . They listen


with many an obliging guffaw to the


brandy owner's solo swish on his anecdotal


roller-coaster , with occasional stops for an old


I.R.A. air or a Connemara tear-jerker .


ALSO present is a London journalist who


arrived two hours earlier by appointment


to talk to the author of Borstal Boy and


The Hostage about his new work , if any ,


and who is now being pluckily convivial


to fight off the frustration . The telephone


has rung a couple of times , calls from


other chums sniffing the wind and


offering to drop by for a chat .


At last Brendan - to the journalist's


relief - turns his attention to


the writing scene . He proceeds to


place himself in the literary hierarchy .


" I consider myself , " he says , " a cut


above Evelyn Waugh socially , a cut


above Nancy Mitford artistically , a


cut above Frank Haxell conversationally .


" But , " he continues , " the greatest is


Shelagh Delaney . Just because A Taste


That 's as bloody silly as calling a Rolls-


Royce a type of transport . She 's the


flower in a cultural desert . " Now , me - I 'm


a journalist , I write to entertain rather


than educate . And I don't write at all


unless I 'm exceedingly 2skint . " But I 'll


say this . I 'd like to live in America


and do some writing there .


It 's a very free place to write in , and there 's


the advantage that no one knows what


you 're writing about anyway . " Not that I did


much when I was over this past two times ,


not with that great little Irish bar on


Seventh Avenue , The Pigsty , always open .


I was there , in even faster orbit , when that


third astronaut went up - what 's his name ?


I 'm the only man on earth who doesn't know


what his name is . Don't tell me . I want to


preserve that distinction . " I already know about


Shepard and that Salvation Army chap Gagarin -


the two biggest bores since Cardinal Newman .


That 's enough of all that hooey . " HE plunges


on into reminiscences of his trips . There is


much to recall .


Among other incidents he was banned from New


York's St. Patrick's Day parade as a " disorderly


person . " He was in a fight after telling a


Canadian , during a chat about space-flight :


" Ireland will put a shillelagh into orbit , Israel


will put a matzo ball into orbit , and Lichtenstein


will put a postage stamp into orbit before you


Canadians put up a mouse . "


And he suffered an alcoholic


seizure and was gravely ill in


hospital with a diabetic and heart


condition . His return to Dublin was


heralded by the announcement that


he was " off the gargle - a retired


alcoholic . " Since then he has been


heard of often in the newspapers -


three times up before the beaks for


drunk and disorderly conduct .


LESS has been heard of Brendan's work . It is now


five years since his first play , The Quare Fellow , was


produced , three years since Borstal Boy was published


and The Hostage was put on . What has happened to


the play , Richard's Cork Leg , begun 18 months ago


and due for presentation at the Theatre Royal ,


Stratford , last spring ? It was never finished .


What happened to the new book partially tape-recorded


by his publishers in March of last year ? Still a skeleton . Yet


I have before me now a 12,000-word manuscript of


a book planned to be called Confessions of an Irish


Rebel which was delivered to his agents in June . IT


begins : " There was a party to celebrate Deirdre's


return from her abortion in Bristol . "


It is ribald , funny , brilliantly observant


of character , and authentic as a glass


of draught porter . But will we see its


end ? The last scene of this fragment


is in a pub where the author throws a


10 note on to the bar and orders a


round for the pals , one of whom cries :


I AM happy to report that I saw some-


thing this week I have never before witnessed ,


either in pictures or outside - a budgerigar


playing a drunk scene , and playing it with


perfect timing and technique . It gives one loud ,


clear hiccup and falls flat on its back . This


brilliant budge , I may add , gets no credit


in the cast list of Come September ( Odeon ,


Leicester-square ) , which suggests that it


is either using a stand-in for the stunt


The performance of our talented


feathered friend is not the only


good thing ( although the one original


touch ) in the film , which is better-


than-average glossy comedy , Hollywood-


styled , European set . Most of it has


been shot in and around the


sun-terrace of the Hotel Splendido ( renamed


the Dolce Vista for the picture ) in


Portofino - and if there 's a better view


It also parades Gina Lollobrigida in a selection of neglige*?


2e-and-nightie ensembles not too well designed for sleeping in ,


and Rock Hudson at the wheel of a shining silver Rolls-Royce .


Mr. Hudson is an American millionaire who spends each


September in his Italian villa and the company of Signorina


Lollobrigida . In the holiday seasonal months before and


after this annual idyll his major-domo ( Walter Slezak


at his most nauseating ) turns the palazzo into a luxury


hotel .


Inevitably there comes the time when Mr. Hudson suddenly breaks


with tradition and arrives there in July , when , just as


inevitably , the place is full of American teenagers on an


escorted tour . Result : Mr. Hudson and lady love Lollo find


themselves playing chaperon ( Brenda de Banzie , the official


one , has broken a leg ) to the girls , who have just


been joined by a Jeep-load of boys .


It 's hereabouts that the budge takes to the bottle , but I


don't think it was through boredom . The film is funny enough


in places and has a line or two of painful home truths


thrown in . " I don't want to talk like an adult , " screams


Gina , walking out on the man who has so far


failed to make an honest woman of her .


" That 's how I got into all this trouble . "


" He 's got to be 35 , " says Bobby Darin ,


the chief spokesman of the jeans-and-


Jeep brigadiers as they 're scheming to


get rid of old man , solid Rock . " How


many hills can he take ? " Of course Mr.


Hudson can take one more hill than the


youngsters .


So all ends as you know it will , with the


middle-aged romancers respectably wed and


Master Darin going steady with the delectable


Sandra Dee ( to whom , I believe , he is married


in real life ) . Miss Dee , incidentally , who keeps


turning up as the typical teenager in all the


" good girl " parts ( Tuesday Weld gets the " bad girl "


ones ) , is becoming quite an accomplished actress .


THE Marriage-Go-Round ( Carlton )


is also a comedy of manners ,


but fun-films toting an X


certificate have to keep a sharp


look-out that the jokes about


sex ( what else would they joke


about with an X ? ) are of the witty ,


verbal variety and not the visual


slapstick . This has only one gag -


that of the entry of a gladiator


The girl is a knock-out ( see pic-


ture of Julie Newmar for con-


firmation ) . She also has quite a


mission in mind . She , " younger ,


prettier , stronger , and more


intelligent " than the wife ( as she


soon tells her ) , wants to have the


perfect baby . And she has chosen


the husband ( James Mason ) , who


is an academic friend of her


Nobel prize-winning father to be


This sort of situation calls for some subtle ,


slightly sardonic handling . It doesn't get it . But


The Marriage-Go-Round is not entirely a waste of


time . I learned from it that in the Institutes of Advanced


Studies attached to some American universities


the subject Social Psychology used to be called


Home-making and is now known as Domestic


Relations .


Susan Hayward plays the wife sharply


and sweetly . Mason is always good for


a glower . And Miss Newmar is a


stunner in every sense of the word .


According to the script she was once


captain of the junior hockey team at


her school . So help me so was I .


IL GRIDO ( The Cry ) - Paris Pullman -


is an earlier essay in atmospheric


meandering by the L'Avventura man ,


Michelangelo Antonioni .


ON a March evening in 1932 in the New


Jersey family household the nursemaid


tiptoed into the baby's room to see that


20-month-old Charles Jun. was sleeping .


Bending over the cot , she suddenly realised


that there was no sound of breathing .


She thrust out her hand - and felt


emptiness . A FEW minutes later the father


gripping a loaded rifle , told his wife :


The plain , sober manner of its


style all the more tellingly


points up not only the horror


of the case itself , which


floundered on to the electrocution


four years later of a German-


born Bronx carpenter named


Bruno Richard Hauptmann , but


to the raree-show emotionalism


and sensation-hunger of that


era .


The second said that the problems which arise from the comparisons with


the Synoptics can be reasonably solved by paying due regard to the time and


plan and to the different public for which , or against which , the author wrote .


The third article excluded any allegorical interpretation of the Gospel .


There is a whole group of theories which attempt to explain the problems of the


Fourth Gospel by explanations based on assumed textual dislocations . The


present state of the Gospel is the result of an accident-prone history . The


original was written on a roll , or codex , which fell into disorder or was


accidentally damaged . An editor , who was not the author , made what he


could of the chaos by placing the fragments , or sheets , or pages , in order .


Most of those who expound a theory of textual


dislocation take it for granted that the Gospel was


written entirely by one author before the


disturbance took place but a few leave it open


to suppose that the original book had been


revised even before the upheaval . The ingenuity


of the theories is impressive and is the best


argument against them .


Thomas Spreng


The one real weakness of the Commentator's


case is that , in common with all his colleagues ,


he has not , until now , been able to exhibit exactly


how this enlargement was effected nor has he


been able to explain the textual movements by


showing that such changes are part of a


simple and coherent plan . To understand how


this is possible it is necessary to examine the


text of the Gospel .


THE Fourth Gospel was almost certainly


written in Greek . A modern text of the


Gospel represents the work of generations of


scholars who have compared the many manu-


scripts of John and worked out the version


which is most likely to have been the original


wording . It is not possible to establish any one


text with absolute precision .


The most convenient one for the authors


has been the text of A. Souter . In this


version of the text the Fourth Gospel is


printed as just over 1,000 different nouns ,


verbs , and other parts of speech occurring


15,695 times in their different grammatical


forms . There are other texts which could


have been used , and ( as shown in Table 1 )


it is not a matter of the greatest importance


which text is used .


At first sight the difference between


Souter and the other texts is rather


large . But the British text includes


the paragraph 7.53-8.11 , the Woman


taken in Adultery , and this accounts


for 178 words out of 279 , which is


the difference between the 15,695 words


of Souter's text and the 15,416 of Nestle's .


The omission or inclusion of this paragraph


is a matter of editorial decision rather


The bar was the commonest marking , but others


were also used . Dots sometimes served in place of the


bar , and there are cases where spacing is used as


it is now used to mark a paragraph ending . Frequently


paragraphos markings were omitted . C. H. Roberts is of


the opinion that in the original of the Fourth Gospel


some markings would be used , although which , it is


impossible to say .


Professor E. G. Turner is inclined to take the view that


the original of the Gospel would be unmarked . The


original of the Gospel , whether written on a roll or codex ,


whether paragraphed or not , would be laid out in


columns . This is the invariable practice of ancient


manuscripts . A common size of column would hold


about one third of a page of Souter's print .


The edge of this sheet was attached to a wooden dowel


and the sheet wound round this central pin . The roll made


a simple and serviceable book . It was robust - the number


which have survived the centuries is ample evidence of


this - and it was easily stored . It had two disadvantages . It


was generally a single-sided form of book , and it was not


an easy form of book in which to find a


reference .


This last objection might have had some weight in


ecclesiastical circles . In his Natural History , 13 . 11-12 ,


the elder Pliny tells of the use of papyrus in roll-making .


As Pliny was killed in the eruption of Vesuvius which


overwhelmed Herculaneum and Pompeii in A.D. 79 , his


information is contemporaneous with the New Testament .


The other form of book was the codex . In this the


sheets were bound together down one edge much as


they are in modern books .


Against these advantages the codex was fragile and


might be bulky . It is sometimes possible to tell


whether or not a particular text was written on


a roll or a codex . Rolls were prepared for


writing , but any papyrus left unused at the


end could be cut off . If the text was longer than


the roll , a sheet could easily be glued on .


The verso of the roll was blank , and one


cannot think of an author , Mark for example ,


sending out his Gospel lacking the ending ,


while one whole side of his roll was unused .


The codex form was not so accommodating . Even


in the case of the single-sheet quire , an extra


sheet glued on might have to be gummed on


over the binding , or the whole codex rebound .


Close to the building projects would be the


VINEYARDS ( 1 Kings 4.25 ; S. of Sol. 8.11 ) .


The word is a Persian loan-word ,


pairi-deaza , from which our word paradise


is derived . Qoheleth has a second


paradise at his disposal but he is


no happier than Adam was !


The word is used in the singular


in Neh. 2.8 and S. of Sol. 4.13 .


A natural transition from gardens and


orchards to the vital question of water


supply . The pools are probably natural springs


enlarged to become reservoirs or cisterns in


the rock . King Mesha of Moab boasts of their


construction in lines 9 , 23-25 of the Moabite Stone ,


which read : And I built Baal-meon and made


in it the reservoir ... and I made both the


reservoirs for water inside the town .


According to the legend , Solomon had asked the


Prince of the Demons , " Ashmodeus " to bring him


the Shamir and Ashmodeus told him that the


Shamir had not been placed under his charge , as


there is no Shamir in Gehenna ( Hell ) . An eagle


brought the Shamir to Solomon from Eden ,


the Paradise , the only place where the Shamir


could be found .


The Talmud describes that the Shamir lives in


a sanctuary , and only some rare birds know


the existence of it . These birds are , the Cherubim


and the Seraphim . We are also told that the Shamir


is the stylus used by Moses , and this stylus is described


as a very precious diamond-stone and very adamant .


The word Shamir was used as a


personal name ( Git. 68a ) . The Hebrew


word " SHAMIR " means guarded or preser-


ved . Therefore , the real man , who


regards himself as insignificant , as the


prayer says : " What am I ? A worm " , he


is the Shamir and such a man fulfils


the Shmah , loves the Lord God with


all his heart , and with all his soul and


with all his might and studies the


word of God .


This man is the worm , the creature that


cuts and polishes Altar-Stones . Such


a man is the Shamir that guards him-


self against all the irrelevant pleasures .


Such a Shamir possesses the real acid


to mould our character , to melt our


heart of stone . This Shamir helps


us earthly creatures to build an Altar


for God to come nearer to God .


The action of the Shamir writes books and their


books are readable . This Shamir is indeed a rare


diamond that incises the hardest rock , the hardest


facts . And these creatures existed from the


beginning . It is " the stone , which the builders


refused , but it is to become the head-stone


of the corner " . ( Ps. 118 , 22 . ) And the stone shall


tell !


" For the stone shall cry out of the wall " , like


Baalam's ass , " and the purlin of timber shall


creak in answer " " if the roof of our security is


crushing our soul " ( see Hab. 2 , 10-11 ) . And it is


through the Shamir : " That the earth shall be


filled with the knowledge of the Glory of the


Lord , as the waters cover the sea . " ( Hab. 2 , 14 . )


The Shamir's daily life writes the Decalogue ,


which is written on two plates , the hard facts


of life , and all facts are " one " . We have all


come across human Shamirs and they leave


a deep impression on our feelings and senses .


They make us the Altar for God to emit


the Light which can be read in every


language . The Shamir is the " seventh " and


most important creature , that was created on


the eve of the Sabbath , to bring the


Sabbath , real peace to the whole world .


Then the whole earth will be His Altar . " And it


shall come to pass , if 1ye shall 1hearken


diligently unto my commandments , which I command


you this day , to love the Lord your God , and to


serve Him with all your heart and with all


your soul . " This may seem very good , but there


is something deficient .


Under such conditions without putting your


mind together we cannot solve the further


summons of destiny , to solve the economic


problems . Hence says Rabbi Simeon ben


Jochai ( Tanis 6a ) " if Israel does not fulfil


the wish of the Lord , failing to serve the


Lord God with all their visionary power ,


the work will have to be done by each


individual " .


They will not work in union . If physical power , spiritual power


and visionary power is not united , man will remain in his heart


selfish and think only of one's personal advantage to


gratify selfish aims , then each man will gather-in


for himself only , instead of all to help to gather your


corn , your wine and your oil .


Freedom from want cannot be fulfilled nor


freedom from fear , fear of starvation in the


midst of plenty . Help will not be easily forth-


coming for the people in need . They will


think of the animals first ( which is of course


our duty ) . Of course the individual will


eat and be full but : " Take heed to yourself ,


that your heart be not deceived , and 1ye turn


aside , and serve other gods , and worship them " ,


the yourself is thy greatest enemy , the self-


seeking self .


And you serve Mammon and God . And you cannot serve


two masters , and you worship self-interest , isolating


yourself , under such conditions the goods are your gods .


" And then the Lord's wrath be kindled against you , and he


shut up the heavens , that there is no rain , and that the land


yield not her fruit and lest 1ye perish quickly from off the


good land which the Lord 1giveth you . "


For without the vision to serve the Lord your God with all


your heart and with all your soul and with all your might


the problem of life cannot be solved . " Therefore shall 1ye lay


up these my words in your heart and in your soul . " The text


adds and in your soul , searching your soul .


And the sequence in the text is different than


in the first part of the Shmah , we have first " and


to bind them for a sign upon your hand , that


they may be as frontlets between your eyes . " First to


bind them to have the vision and then " And 1ye


shall teach them to your children . " And as we have go-


ne through the mill , we need not teach them


to the children any more diligently and the


children will grasp now what will befall


them without visionary power .


And we will nail the Divine Law on the


door posts of the house and upon the gates .


" That your days may be multiplied and the


days of your children in the land , which


the Lord swear unto your father to give them ,


as days of HEAVEN ON EARTH " That


means the Kingdom of Messianic Righteousness


( Talmud Sanh. 99A ) .


The Messusah , which is nailed on the doorposts


contains those two lessons . The third lesson


of the Shmah ( Numbers 15 , 37-41 ) is


called " the going-out of the land of


Egypt " . It starts with the story of the fringes


the " tsitsits " . This lesson used to be read


only in the morning . And the Talmud tells a


story , which is also in the Hagadah that


Rabbi Eleasar ben Assarja said , " I am


nearly seventy and I had not succeeded that


Ben Zoma said : " The days of 1thy life


means in the day-time ; all the days of


1thy life means even at night-time . "


( Berochoth . ) And the Rabbis thought


it important that when we read the


Shmah " to be willing to hear , " we


should remember the Great


Deliverance : Passover and its connection


with the fringes ( the tsitsits ) .


And the tsitsits had a message sealed inside the knots


just as there is a message sealed in the four emblems which


are used on Passover , to depict the " time of our freedom " .


And they are ( 1 ) Matzo ; ( 2 ) Bitter Herbs ; ( 3 ) Salt-water and


Charauses ( a kind of fruit mixture in likeness of the


appearance of mortar ) ; and ( 4 ) an attitude to lean


back .


( 1 ) Matzos is deficient bread , ( LECHEM ANJO in Hebrew ) ,


so are we deficient without spiritual knowledge , and to


cure our mental incapacity we should be willing


to learn . Education is always the most important task .


Education gives : Freedom of Speech . ( 2 ) Bitter Herbs


symbolises the bitterness that is hurled against us .


We eat it . We accept it , to show we have self-control


and that God dwells within us .


Self-control gives us : Freedom to worship God . ( 3 ) Salt Water and Charauses :


the salt-water at the Seder-Table represents the Covenant of the Torah


( MELACH BRITH ELOHECHO in Hebrew , Salt is the covenant of 1thy God ,


Levit. 2 , 13 . ) Salt preserves and we should have this salt in


ourselves and have peace with one-another . And the sweet


Mortar ( the CHARAUSES in Hebrew ) that binds all the " hard-


facts " together and explains them , represents the Oral


Tradition .


We dip into both , at the Seder . And we want to understand


more of the Torah and the Oral Tradition , our inheritance .


Living the life of the Torah ( " dipping-in " ) makes us


meek : " But the meek shall inherit the earth ; and shall


delight themselves in the abundance of Peace " ( Psalm 37 ,


11 ) . That gives us freedom from want .


( 1 ) Matzo represents Peshat ; ( 2 ) Moraur


represents Remez ; ( 3 ) Dipping-in represents


Derush ; ( 4 ) Leaning-back represents Saud .


( This is the PARDUS . ) Matzo represents


the literal meaning of Pesach which


is called : The Feast of Matzos . The


Bitter-Herbs represent the spiritual


principle and this gives us " a wink " ( Remez )


how to live and accept all the bitterness


that is hurled against us . The Salt-water


and the sweet Mortar in which we dip-in represents


the richness of the Law and that we should


Leaning back carries the concealed message . And we


start the Seder showing the Matzos , that they rep-


resent the " Bread of Poverty " which our fore-fathers


were eating in Mitzrajim , to show they were willing to learn ;


and we invite anybody who wishes to partake in our


discussions , saying : " Anybody who is hungry , let him come


and eat , Anybody who is thirsty , let him come and


drink . "


And we want all to eat and drink His Great Philosophy of the


four ways of Israel's redemption . Hence " four questions " , which are


really interrogations to examine into the principles of the four re-


demptions are asked at the Seder-evening about these " four


symbols " ( the MANISHTANO ) . And the person who asks these


questions is seeking the opinion of the one who is


conducting the Seder .


And we answer , that the Lord our God gave us " four freedoms "


without which Society cannot make progress . And we drink


" four cups " to thank the Lord our God for the " four


freedoms " which are Divine . There are four ways of


redemption : ( 1 ) I will bring you out from under the


burdens of Egypt . ( 2 ) I will rid you of their bondage .


( 3 ) I will redeem you . ( 4 ) I will take you to me for a


people . ( 1 ) I will bring you out from under the


burdens of Egypt : How was it that Israel was


brought out from under the burdens of Egypt ?


Because , they kept the Passover and they were


eating Matzos in Egypt and the " Feast of Matzos "


was known even to Abraham and Lot .


The new century opened with James 1 ascending


the throne . He was quite prepared to be


tolerant towards Rome though the Gunpowder Plot


spoiled that . The Puritans had high hopes , for


James had grown up in Presbyterian Scotland ,


but those hopes were dashed . True , a new Prayer


Book was issued in 1604 but the Puritans


derived little comfort from it .


They objected to the word Absolution . So the phrase ' or


the remission of sins ' was added . But Absolution remained .


They objected to the word Confirmation . So the phrase


' or the laying on of hands upon children baptized and


able to render an account of their faith according


to the Catechism following ' were added . But Confirmation


remained . Other changes in the Book were equally


minor except for the new section on the Sacraments


added to the Catechism .


This indicated how ephemeral in the Church had


been the mood which produced the Black Rubric , for


it says that ' the Body and Blood of Christ , which are


verily and indeed taken and received by the


faithful in the Lord's Supper . ' It could hardly be more


definite . It was at this time , too , that King James made


himself immortal by becoming associated with


a Bible translation - the Authorized Version


( which was never actually authorized ! ) .


In that year Shakespeare had just turned


forty and had written Hamlet two years


before . Bacon was at work and Milton was


just learning to read . James was followed by


Charles , in whose reign came the Scottish


Prayer Book in 1637 . Significantly this made


a deliberate return to the Book of 1549 and


became the foster mother of some of the most


important Prayer Books in the Anglican


Communion .


Forever associated with Charles is Archbishop Laud ,


now so much nobler a figure than former historians


led us to believe . Laud was enthusiastically hated


by Calvinists and Puritans , and the sentiment was


mutual . But Laud was no Romanizer . One of his


first public acts was a hard-hitting battle with


the Jesuit , Fisher . But anyone who was friendly


with James and Charles , the Puritans argued ,


was necessarily a menace .


Or when he found cock-fighting going on in church ?


Laud made a positive approach . He set out to increase


a sense of reverence . The Prayer Book was to be respected


and so was the office of a bishop . Altars should be


altars and not any broken down , transportable


table which was handy for the most improbable uses .


In the first place it is not a great deal


of use telling even children , as I have


already suggested , not to be silly or


to pull themselves together . Far better


to help them to face whatever it is that


is worrying them , to find the original


cause and then deal with it ; show it


up either for the sham it is - and many


fears are based upon completely


irrational pre-conceived notions - or to


Even worse is to laugh . Tremendous damage may be done to a child


by laughing at what are very real fears . As adults , we know


that their fears are groundless , indeed to us they appear laughable ,


but to a child they are very real . Not that I am suggesting


that children should be molly-coddled - they must be made


to face their fears , to see through them and come out on the


other side as victors .


To ridicule them only pushes them farther


into themselves , so that they become


unable to speak about it to anybody and


the seeds of any amount of trouble are sown ,


the harvest of which may still be being


reaped at forty or fifty . Far better to


agree with a child that a particular


situation is frightening , and then to face


it together until the child can see how


unnecessary its fears were .


Because situations which may contain


all the elements of fear can arise suddenly ,


it is a good idea to condition a child


to some extent against it . To keep a child


of twelve or thirteen under the


impression that nothing nasty ever


happens is not merely dishonest , it


is unwise . As I shall suggest in a


later chapter there are some situations


which occur less frequently than


A little more honesty , even if one refrains from going into


too many details , would help many a child to make a


proper adjustment to life as it grows up . Let us look


at Jesus . We do not , I think , see there a life without fear .


There are several instances where he seemed unable to go


on .


In Gethsemane He prayed that the cup


should pass from Him . Jesus shows us


the way to face life . To see all the latent


frightening possibilities and yet by facing


them and knowing God is with us and


that , with Him , there is nothing that can


finally defeat us . More than that , that God


has something important to do with our


lives and that the nearer we get to Him ,


the stronger we become .


... Today A wonderful thought In the


dawn was given ... And the thought


Was this : That a secret plan Is hid in


my hand ; That my hand is big Big ,


Because of the plan That God , Who


dwells in my hand , Knows this


secret plan , Of the things He will


do for the world Using my hand .


Toyohiko Kagawa . Loving Saviour , who experienced


all human emotion , and whose sensitive


nature knows better than we do , what it is to


be really afraid , help us to know that when


we face life boldly , many of the shadows are


seen to be allies and not enemies and that ,


come what may , we are never alone when


we are with Thee .


Amen . MOST people would probably regard tiredness as a


purely physical thing . The cure for which is sleep . This is only


partly true . Many people wake up tired of a morning and no


amount of rest seems to make any difference . Sleep , to be


effective , must be of that child-like quality which comes


from innocence .


To others , the long hours of the night bring


only a disturbed tossing and turning


which causes them to wake feeling worse


than when they went to bed . We may begin


to understand this a little better when we


realize that tiredness itself is largely in


the mind . Very few people , under normal


conditions , work themselves to a standstill .


The mind tires first and conveys the impression


of tiredness to the body . This can be proved by


noting the effect of a new stimulus on some-


body who feels thoroughly tired . Suppose


a mother has news late at night that her


child is in danger . She will undertake a


journey which , an hour before , she would


have declared impossible .


Even more simply , test your own reactions


to different situations . There are some which


bring on an almost immediate feeling of


tiredness - such as when your wife mentions


the washing-up - while others , if they


refer to something you like doing , bring a


veritable surge of energy . Many a girl who


is ' too tired to help mum ' will later jump


up with no apparent tiredness at all when


her boy friend calls and go for a long walk .


Nor is she necessarily being deceitful . She really did feel tired


until the mind got the necessary injection of a fresh - and an


attractive - interest ! Tiredness has , therefore , as much to do


with our mental state as with our physical exhaustion . A


disturbed mind can bring the healthiest body to a sense


of fatigue . They wonder why they get no rest at night ,