A MOVE to stop Mr. Gaitskell from


nominating any more Labour life Peers


is to be made at a meeting of Labour


Ps tomorrow . Mr. Michael Foot has


put down a resolution on the subject


and he is to be backed by Mr. Will


P for Manchester Exchange .


A MOVE to stop Mr. Gaitskell from nominating


any more Labour life Peers is to be made at a


meeting of Labour 0M Ps tomorrow . Mr. Michael


Foot has put down a resolution on the subject


and he is to be backed by Mr. Will Griffiths ,


0M P for Manchester Exchange .


Though they may gather some Left-wing support , a


large majority of Labour M Ps are likely to


turn down the Foot-Griffiths resolution . Mr.


Foot's line will be that as Labour M Ps


opposed the Government Bill which brought


life peers into existence , they should not


now put forward nominees . He believes


that the House of Lords should be abolished


and that Labour should not take any steps


which would appear to " prop up " an out-dated


institution .


Though they may gather some Left-wing


support , a large majority of Labour


Ps are likely to turn down the Foot-


Griffiths resolution . Mr. Foot's line will


Ps opposed the


Government Bill which brought life peers


into existence , they should not now put


forward nominees . He believes that the


House of Lords should be abolished and


that Labour should not take any steps


which would appear to " prop up " an out-


Ps are likely to turn


down the Foot-Griffiths resolution . Mr. Foot's line


Ps opposed the Govern-


ment Bill which brought life peers into existence , they


should not now put forward nominees . He believes


that the House of Lords should be abolished and


that Labour should not take any steps which would


appear to " prop up " an out-dated institution .


Since 1958 , 13 Labour life Peers and


Peeresses have been created . Most Labour


sentiment would # still favour the abolition


of the House of Lords , but while it remains


Labour has to have an adequate number of


members . THE two rival African Nationalist


Parties of Northern Rhodesia have agreed to


get together to face the challenge from Sir


Roy Welensky , the Federal Premier .


sentiment would still favour the abolition


Labour has to have an adequate number


of members . THE two rival African


Nationalist Parties of Northern Rhodesia


have agreed to get together to face


the challenge from Sir Roy Welensky ,


the Federal Premier .


Since 1958 , 13 Labour life Peers and #


Peeresses have been created . Most Labour sentiment


would still favour the abolition of the House


of Lords , but while it remains Labour has to


have an adequate number of members . THE


two rival African Nationalist Parties of Northern


Rhodesia have agreed to get together to face the


challenge from Sir Roy Welensky , the Federal Premier .


Delegates from Mr. Kenneth Kaunda's United National Independence


Party ( 280,000 members ) and Mr. Harry Nkumbula's African


National Congress ( 400,000 ) will meet in London today


to discuss a common course of action . Sir Roy is


violently opposed to Africans getting an elected majority


in Northern Rhodesia , but the Colonial Secretary ,


Mr. Iain Macleod , is insisting on a policy of change .


Delegates from Mr. Kenneth Kaunda's


United National Independence Party


( 280,000 members ) and Mr. Harry Nkumbula's


African National Congress ( 400,000 ) will


meet in London today to discuss a common


course of action . Sir Roy is violently


opposed to Africans getting an elected


majority in Northern Rhodesia , but the


Colonial Secretary , Mr. Iain Macleod ,


is insisting on a policy of change .


Delegates from Mr. Kenneth Kaunda's United


National Independence Party ( 280,000 members )


and Mr. Harry Nkumbula's African National


Congress ( 400,000 ) will meet in London today


to discuss a common course of action .


Sir Roy is violently opposed to Africans


getting an elected majority in Northern


Rhodesia , but the Colonial Secretary , Mr. Iain


Macleod , is insisting on a policy of change .


Sir Roy's United Federal Party is boycotting


the London talks on the Protectorate's


future . Said Mr. Nkumbula last night :


" We want to discuss what to do if the


British Government gives in to Sir Roy and


the talks fall through . There are bound


to be demonstrations . " Yesterday Sir Roy's


chief aide , Mr. Julius Greenfield , telephoned


his chief a report on his talks with


Mr. Macmillan at Chequers .


Sir Roy's United Federal Party is


boycotting the London talks on the


Protectorate's future . Said Mr. Nkumbula


last night : " We want to discuss what to


do if the British demonstrations . "


Yesterday Sir Roy's chief aide , Mr.


Julius Greenfield , telephoned his chief


a report on his talks with Mr. Macmillan


at Chequers .


the London talks on the Protectorate's


future . Said Mr. Nkumbula last night :


" We want to discuss what to do if the


British Government gives in to Sir Roy


and the talks fall through . There are bound


his chief a report on his talks with Mr.


Macmillan at Chequers .


Mr. Macleod went on with the conference at


Lancaster House despite the crisis which had


blown up . He has now revealed his full plans


to the Africans and Liberals attending . These


plans do not give the Africans the overall


majority they are seeking . African delegates


are studying them today . The conference


will meet to discuss the function of a


proposed House of Chiefs .


Mr. Macleod went on with the conference


at Lancaster House despite the crisis


which had blown up . He has now revealed


his full plans to the Africans and Liberals


attending . These plans do not give the


Africans the overall majority they are


seeking . African delegates are studying


them today . The conference will meet


to discuss the function of a proposed


House of Chiefs .


plans do not give the Africans the overall majo-


rity they are seeking . African delegates are


studying them today . The conference will meet


to discuss the function of a proposed House


of Chiefs .


MR. IAIN MACLEOD , the Colonial Secretary , denied


in the Commons last night that there have been


secret negotiations on Northern Rhodesia's future .


The Northern Rhodesia conference in London has


been boycotted by the two main settlers' parties -


the United Federal Party and the Dominion Party .


But representatives of Sir Roy Welensky , Prime


Minister of the Central African Federation , went


to Chequers at the week-end for talks with


Mr. Macmillan .


MR. IAIN MACLEOD , the Colonial Secretary ,


denied in the Commons last night that


there have been secret negotiations on


Northern Rhodesia's future . The Northern


Rhodesia conference in London has been


boycotted by the two main settlers' parties -


the United Federal Party and the Dominion


Party . But representatives of Sir Roy


Welensky , Prime Minister of the Central


African Federation , went to Chequers at


the week-end for talks with Mr. Macmillan .


Mr. Iain Macleod , the Colonial Secretary , denied


in the Commons last night that there have


been secret negotiations on the Northern Rhodesia's


future . The Northern Rhodesia conference in


London has been boycotted by the two main


settlers' parties - the United Federal Party


and the Dominion Party . But representatives


of Sir Roy Welensky , Prime Minister of the


Central African Federation , went to Chequers


at the week-end for talks with Mr. Macmillan .


Northern Rhodesia is a member of the Federation .


Mr. Macleod was not at the week-end meeting . But he told


Ps yesterday : " I have no knowledge of secret negotiations . "


He said Britain had an obligation to consult the Federal


Government . But the final decision remained with the British


Government . Mr. James Callaghan , Labour's Colonial spokesman ,


said Sir Roy had no right to delay progress in the talks by


refusing to sit round the conference table .


Mr. Macleod was not at the week-end


err 170 22 330 1163 1856 93 meeting . But he told M Ps yesterday : " I


have no knowledge of secret negotiations . "


He said Britain had an obligation to consult


the Federal Government . But the final


decision remained with the British Government .


Mr. James Callaghan , Labour's Colonial


spokesman , said Sir Roy had no right to


delay progress in the talks by refusing


to sit round the conference table .


Northern Rhodesia is a member of the Fede-


ration . Mr. Macleod was not at the week-end


meeting . But he told M Ps yesterday : " I


have no knowledge of secret negotiations . " He


said Britain had an obligation to consult


the Federal Government . Mr. James Callaghan ,


Labour's Colonial spokesman , said Sir Roy had


no right to delay progress in the talks by


Mr. Macleod thought the two Rhodesian


parties had refused to attend the talks


because Sir Roy had found messages


sent from the Government were " unsatisfac-


tory . " African delegates to the talks yester-


day called on Mr. Macmillan to cease his


negotiations with Sir Roy's representative ,


Mr. Julius Greenfield . He was at Che-


quers last week-end . They said they


regarded with " growing anger " the " gross


and unconstitutional " interference by


Sir Roy's Federal Government in the


talks .


Mr. Macleod thought the two Rhodesian parties


had refused to attend the talks because Sir Roy


had found messages sent from the Government were


" unsatisfactory . " African delegates to the talks yesterday


called on Mr. Macmillan to cease his negotiations with


Sir Roy's representative , Mr. Julius Greenfield . He was


at Chequers last week-end . They said they regarded


with " growing anger " the gross and unconstitutional "


interference by Sir Roy's Federal Government in the talks .


Informal talks at Lancaster House will


resume today . President Kennedy today


defended the appointment of a Negro as


his Housing Minister . It has aroused


strong opposition from the anti-Negro


senators of the Deep South . The negro


is Mr. Robert Weaver of New York . One


of his tasks will be to see there is no


racial discrimination in Government


and State housing projects .


B.Kaufmann


resume today . PRESIDENT KENNEDY today


his Housing Minister . It has aroused strong


opposition from the anti-Negro senators of the


Deep South . The negro is Mr. Robert #


Weaver of New York . One of his tasks will


be to see there is no racial discrimination


in Government and State housing


projects .


Informal talks at Lancaster House will resume


today . PRESIDENT KENNEDY today defended


the appointment of a Negro as his Housing Minister .


It has aroused strong opposition from the anti-Negro


senators of the Deep South . The negro is Mr.


Robert Weaver of New York . One of his tasks


will be to see there is no racial discrimination


in Government and State housing projects .


Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana sparked


off the opposition by telling a television


audience it was " current Washington gossip "


that Weaver once had Communist affiliations .


The Senate Banking Committee , which is headed


by another Southern Senator - Willis Robertson ,


of Virginia - met today in closed session


to discuss Weaver's appointment . Senator


Robertson later disclosed he had sent a letter


to Mr. Kennedy saying he had received several


complaints about Weaver's loyalty .


Senator Allen Ellender , of Louisiana ,


sparked off the opposition by telling a


television audience it was " current


Washington gossip " that Weaver once had


Communist affiliations . The Senate Banking


Committee , which is headed by another


Southern Senator - Willis Robertson , of


Virginia - met today in closed session to


discuss Weaver's appointment . Senator


to Mr. Kennedy saying he had received


television audience it was " current Washington


gossip " that Weaver once had Communist affilia-


tions . The Senate Banking Committee , which


is headed by another Southern Senator -


Willis Robertson , of Virginia - met today in


closed session to discuss Weaver's appointment .


Senator Robertson later disclosed he had sent a


letter to Mr. Kennedy saying he had received several


complaints about Weaver's loyalty .


He said these concerned Mr. Weaver's


alleged association with organisations black-


listed by the Government . Immediately


Mr. Kennedy rushed a letter to Senator


Robertson saying the Federal Bureau of In-


vestigation had reported on Mr. Weaver .


He believed he would perform " outstanding


service " in his post . Senator Robertson's


committee has to pass Mr. Weaver's


nomination before it can be con-


# sidered by the full Senate .


listed by the Government . Immediately Mr.


Kennedy rushed a letter to Senator Robertson


saying the Federal Bureau of Investigation had


reported on Mr. Weaver . He believed


he would perform " outstanding service "


in his post . Senator Robertson's committee


has to pass Mr. Weaver's nomination before it


can be considered by the full Senate .


He said these concerned Mr. Weaver's alleged


association with organisations black-listed by the


Government . Immediately Mr. Kennedy rushed a letter


to Senator Robertson saying the Federal Bureau


of Investigation had reported on Mr. Weaver .


nomination before it can be considered by the


full Senate .


PRESIDENT KENNEDY is ready to get tough


over West Germany's cash offer to help


America's balance of payments position .


He said bluntly in Washington yester-


day that the offer - 357million - was


not good enough . And he indicated


that his Government would try to get


Germany to pay more . He did not


mention personal talks with Dr.


Adenauer , the West German Chancellor .


America's balance of payments position . He


said bluntly in Washington yesterday that


the offer - 357million - was not good enough .


And he indicated that his Government


would try to get Germany to pay more . He


did not mention personal talks with Dr.


PRESIDENT KENNEDY is ready to get


tough over West Germany's cash offer to


help America's balance of payments position


He said bluntly in Washington yesterday


that the offer - 357million - was not good


enough . And he indicated that his


Government would try to get Germany to


pay more . He did not mention personal


talks with Dr. Adenauer , the West


German Chancellor .


But he said discussions " on a higher


level than in the past " might be


useful . The President will probably


discuss the problem with Dr. Brentano ,


the West German Foreign Minister , who is


due in Washington next week . A big


slice of Germany's " aid " # is the early


payment of a 210million debt to America .


United States officials quickly point out


that this is money due to America


anyway .


level than in the past " might be useful .


The President will probably discuss the


problem with Dr. Brentano , the West German


Foreign Minister , who is due in Washington


next week . A big slice of Germany's " aid "


is the early payment of a 210million


debt to America . United States officials


quickly point out that this is money due


to America anyway .


But he said discussions " on a higher


problem with Dr. Brentano , the West


German Foreign Minister , who is due in


Washington next week . A big slice of


Germany's " aid " is the early payment


of a 210million debt to America . United


States officials quickly point out that


this is money due to America anyway .


And they are unimpressed by the Germans' claim


that they cannot pay more than 357million


without upsetting their own economy . The


Americans say Germany is having it too


good and is not paying for the past


or for the present . The Adenauer Government


flatly rejected attempts by the Eisenhower


Government to get them to pay a regular


sum towards the cost of keeping American


troops in Germany .


These support costs are a big drain on


America's dollar reserves . Dr. Adenauer's


answer is the once-and-for-all cash


offer of 357million . President Kennedy's


rejection of it is a painful blow to the


West German Government . It will now have


to pay more - and increase taxation to do


so - or run the obvious # risks in upsetting


the new American administration .


These support costs are a big drain on America's


dollar reserves . Dr. Adenauer's answer is the


once-and-for-all cash offer of 357million . President


Kennedy's rejection of it is a painful blow to the


West German Government . It will now have to pay


more - and increase taxation to do so - or


run the obvious risks in upsetting the new


American administration .


And , since this is election year in West


Germany , Dr. Adenauer is in a tough


spot . Joyce Egginton cables : President


Kennedy at his Washington Press con-


ference admitted he did not know


whether America was lagging behind


Russia in missile power . He said he


was waiting for his senior military


aides to come up with the answer on


February 20 .


Germany , Dr. Adenauer is in a tough spot .


Joyce Egginton cables : President Kennedy


at his Washington Press conference admitted


he did not know whether America was


lagging behind Russia in missile power .


He said he was waiting for his senior


military aides to come up with the answer


on February 20 .


This surprising statement was a sharp about-


face from his warnings during the


Presidential election campaign . He claimed


slackness in the Eisenhower Administration


had caused America to lag behind Russia


in nuclear development . President Kennedy


did his best to avoid giving Pressmen


a direct answer . George Brown


CHILDREN TWO men who are poles apart


in personality last night dominated


Mr. Brown , passionate and warm-hearted , led


Labour's attack on the higher health


charges . Mr. Powell , white-faced and outwardly


unemotional , replied with a statistical state-


ment - and ended by inciting Labour M Ps


to angry uproar . One dealt with the human


issue behind the Health Service ; the other


tried to show that the balance-sheet must


always come first .


Mr. Brown , passionate and warm-hearted ,


led Labour's attack on the higher health


charges . Mr. Powell , white-faced and


outwardly unemotional , replied with a


statistical statement - and ended by inciting


Labour M Ps to angry uproar . One dealt


with the human issue behind the Health


Service ; the other tried to show that the


balance-sheet must always come first .


The result of the vote was not in


doubt . For the Tories were massed


in answer to their whips to defeat a


censure motion on the Government for


" undermining the Health Service " and


placing heavy burdens on those least


able to bear them . Mr. Brown


declared that the policy under censure


was monstrous . It had offended many


people far beyond the ranks of Labour


supporters .


The result of the vote was not in doubt .


For the Tories were massed in answer to


their whips to defeat a censure motion


on the Government for " undermining the


Health Service " and placing heavy burdens


on those least able to bear them . Mr.


Brown declared that the policy under


censure was monstrous . It had offended


many people far beyond the ranks of


Labour supporters .


The Press , many doctors and public were


denouncing the proposals . He quoted from


this letter which Mr. Gaitskell had received :


" My background is a doctor of 68 , who


has practised medicine for 43 years , chiefly


as a panel doctor . " I am a lifelong


Conservative . I am horrified and amazed


by my party's proposal to prostitute the


whole principle of the State service and


to render that service a hardship to poor


people .


" After a lifetime of helping others and


healing the sick , my considered


opinion is that anybody supporting


the increased charges is a wicked ,


old - . " Mr. Brown went on : " We


are dealing with a noble edifice which


needs an imaginative architect to


improve it , but it has got a


quantity surveyor . We have descended


from the real problems to fiddling about


with bills of cost .


healing the sick , my considered opinion is that


anybody supporting the increased charges is a


wicked , old - . " Mr. Brown went on : " We


needs an imaginative architect to improve


it , but it has got a quantity surveyor . We


have descended from the real problems to


fiddling about with bills of cost .


We believe that a comprehensive medical service , free to the patient


at the point of need and with one standard for all sick


people , is good and attainable . " We remain for it . But the Tories


never were . " Interrupted by angry Tories , Mr. Brown retorted :


" The jackals bay when there is nothing better they can do . "


" We believe that a comprehensive medical


service , free to the patient at the point


of need and with one standard for all


sick people , is good and attainable .


" We remain for it . But the Tories


never were . " Interrupted by angry Tories ,


Mr. Brown retorted : " The jackals bay


when there is nothing better they can do . "


He told them that their conception of social services was wholly


different - fundamentally different from that of Labour . They


would provide an ambulance service for the absolutely


wretched - but it would not be too comfortable nor too easy to


get . Answering jeers that it was Labour which first put a


ceiling on health spending and started charges , Mr. Brown


reminded the hostile Government benches that was


done in 1950 because of the financial strain of


the Korean war .


He told them that their conception of social


services was wholly different - fundamentally


different from that of Labour . They would


provide an ambulance service for the absolutely


wretched - but it would not be too comfortable


nor too easy to get . Answering jeers that


it was Labour which first put a ceiling


on health spending and started charges , Mr.


Brown reminded the hostile Government benches


that was done in 1950 because of the financial


strain of the Korean war .


In fact , the Tories made it worse now for the sick and


needy than Labour had to make it in 1950 . And


as a percentage of social service expenditure ,


health had fallen from 28.5 to 23.1 per cent.


Then Mr. Brown swung his attack directly to the


unsmiling Mr. Powell . He demanded that instead


of taking it out of the patients Mr. Powell should


take ruthless action against the drug making


industry , whose profits had risen by up to 400


per cent. in the last eight years .


In fact , the Tories made it worse now


for the sick and needy than Labour had


to make it in 1950 . And as a percentage


of social service expenditure , health had


fallen from 28.5 to 23.1 per cent. Then


Mr. Brown swung his attack directly to


the unsmiling Mr. Powell . He demanded


that instead of taking it out of the


patients Mr. Powell should take ruthless


action against the drug making industry , #


whose profits had risen by up to 400 per


" Mr. Powell finds it easier to take it out of mothers ,


children and sick people than to take on this vast


industry , " Mr. Brown commented icily . " Let us have a


full inquiry into the cost of drugs and the pharmaceutical


industry . " The health of children today owed much


to the welfare food scheme . It was maintained


during the war . Now in conditions of Tory


affluence it seemed it could not be carried on .


" Mr. Powell finds it easier to take it out


of mothers , children and sick people than


to take on this vast industry , " Mr.


Brown commented icily . " Let us have a


full inquiry into the cost of drugs and


the pharmaceutical industry . " The health


of children today owed much to the welfare


food scheme . It was maintained during


the war . Now in conditions of Tory


affluence it seemed it could not be


carried on .


Ps cheered for


a full minute - and even his bitterest opponents


on defence joined in . Mr. Powell devoted half his speech


to giving details of plans for improving the hospital service ,


on which indeed the Government is making progress .


His basic defence of the Health Service cuts was that


" even after the proposed changes the net cost of the


service to the Exchequer will have increased over


three years by 20 per cent.


When Mr. Brown sat down Labour M Ps


cheered for a full minute - and even his


bitterest opponents on defence joined in .


Mr. Powell devoted half his speech to giving


details of plans for improving the hospital


service , on which indeed the Government is


making progress . His basic defence of the


Health Service cuts was that " even after


the proposed changes the net cost of the


service to the Exchequer will have increased


over three years by 20 per cent.


" That cannot continue without either


development being limited or an


adjustment being made in financing . "


The Government decided to adjust


the financing - which Mr. Powell


claimed was underpinning - not


undermining - the service . Answering the


attack on " economic charges " for welfare


foods , Mr. Powell said that all these


foods would still be free in families


receiving regular National Assistance


grants .


" That cannot continue without either development


being limited or an adjustment being made


in financing . " The Government decided to


adjust the financing - which Mr. Powell


claimed was underpinning - not undermining -


the service . Answering the attack on


" economic charges " for welfare foods , Mr.


Powell said that all these foods would


still be free in families receiving regular


National Assistance grants .


in financing . " The Government decided to adjust


the financing - which Mr. Powell claimed was


underpinning - not undermining - the service .


Answering the attack on " economic charges "


for welfare , Mr. Powell said that all these


foods would still be free in families receiving


regular National Assistance grants .


MR. Macmillan has picked a strong " brains trust "


team to negotiate terms for joining the Common Market .


And he has abandoned plans to visit President de


Gaulle this month to smooth the way . General


de Gaulle's official welcome last week


to Britain's moves towards the Six was


taken as a friendly gesture in Whitehall ,


but no more than that .


So the idea of personal mission by


the Prime Minister to Paris was dropped


Instead Mr. Macmillan will rely on a


hand-picked team under the leadership of


Sir Pierson Dixon , Britain's Ambassador to


France , to back Mr. Edward Heath , Lord


Privy Seal , who is charged with the conduct


of negotiations with the Six . At the same


time the Prime Minister has offered


Commonwealth Governments every facility possible to


safeguard their interests


Seven Commonwealth countries have told Mr. Sandys ,


Commonwealth Relations Secretary , that they wish to be kept


in touch in London . Three of them - Canada , Australia ,


New Zealand - will have strong delegations at an opening


meeting in London on Monday . Once the Common


Market's Council of Ministers draws up the procedure


for negotiations in a fortnight's time , these Commonwealth


countries can arrange for observers to advise the British


negotiating team .


The team is composed of experienced


negotiators in several fields . Sir Pier-


son Dixon has a wide reputation as


a skilful backstage negotiator since


his days as Britain's chief UN dele-


gate . Second in command is Mr.


Eric Roll , 53-year-old Deputy Secre-


tary at the Ministry of Agriculture ,


Food , and Fisheries . The Foreign Office


is represented by Sir Roderick Barclay


Other leading members are : Sir Henry Lintott from


the Commonwealth Relations Office , Sir William


Corell-Barnes ( Colonial Office ) , Mr. G. R. Bell


( Treasury ) , and Mr. G. H. Andrew ( Board of Trade ) .


They will accompany Mr. Heath next month when


he goes to Brussels , headquarters of the Common


Market Commission , or wherever the Six decide


negotiations should be held .


Some of the problems were reviewed yesterday at a


meeting in Paris between M. Couve de Murville , French


Foreign Minister , and Mr. Heath . MR. Selwyn Lloyd -


a man with troubles enough back home - seems


fated to fly into trouble abroad . Last year it was


the riots in Istanbul , which enlivened the NATO


Council meeting .


Now we have the strikes and demonstrations in


Ghana coinciding with the meeting of the Com-


monwealth Economic Consultative Council - the


first to be held in Africa . Only a few hours af-


ter Mr Lloyd and his 24-strong delegation landed


at Accra this morning , hundreds of shop assistants


demonstrated outside the British-owned Kingsway


Stores , the largest in town .


The stores had been hit by the same strike wave


that has paralysed the port of Takoradi for the past


week . Root of the discontent : The austerity Budget ,


including a compulsory savings scheme which the


Ghana Government introduced in July . Ghana's strong


man is not here to face the storm . President Nkrumah ,


having made his contribution to the neutrals' conference


in Belgrade , has resumed his holiday on the Black


Sea and no one here professes to know when he


will return .


But in his absence his chief lieutenants have


not let him down . The strong arm of authority has


been raised against the strikers and is now beginning


to tell . Today's Ghanaian Times ( motto : " The welfare


of the people is the supreme law " ) reports : " The


Government has been urged to take immediate ac-


tion to deal ruthlessly with the strikers . "


The urge came from a conference of activists of


Nkrumah's Convention Party " after powerful addresses


by Comrades Krobo Edusei , Tawia Adamafio , " and


others . Strong deeds followed strong words . In Takoradi


a " limited state of emergency " was declared , giving


the Government adequate power to maintain all


essential services and ensure food supplies . Thus it


becomes an offence punishable with imprisonment


for anyone who " publishes a report likely to cause


alarm or prejudicial to public safety . "


And up to ten years' imprisonment can be imposed


on anyone convicted of sabotage . These stern measures


had the desired effect today at Kumasi where the


strikers gave in , but in Takoradi , the chief storm centre ,


they are still holding out despite the presence of 1,400


police and 16 armoured cars . And how did the


Government react when the strikers demonstrated in


Accra ?


At 9.40 Mr. Edusei , Minister of Transport and pro-


bably the toughest man in Mr. Nkrumah's team ,


drove up to the Kingsway Stores and faced the


demonstrators , most of them shopgirls in overalls .


" If you have not dispersed by ten o'clock , " he


told them , ' the police will act . ' At five to ten


a posse of police arrived and in less than


two minutes the crowd had gone .


If the threatened " counter-revolution " was not * to bring


the President back from his travels it might have been


thought that the muster from the 13 States of the


Commonwealth was an occasion worthy of his presence .


After all it was Mr. Nkrumah who suggested that this


year the Economic Consultative Council should meet


in Accra .


* enough


It has been left , however , to Mr. Goka , Ghana's Finance


Minister , to do the honours as host , in which capacity


he held a reception tonight in Accra's Ambassador


Hotel . POLICE , on direct orders from the Cabinet , are


openly intimidating members of Earl Russell's nuclear-


disarming Committee of 100 , the Committee claimed


yesterday . It said pressure was being put on


members and associates all over the country .


It alleged : Phones were being tapped and


going out of action ; Police were visiting


people " on no pretext whatsoever , except


to pass the time of day " ; Supporters had


been warned - one that his connection


with the committee was going too far ; another


that anti-apartheid agitation was


all right , but support for the committee


was not .


A third man's house was watched for four days


by plain-clothes men . Committee-member Mr. George


Clark commented at a Press conference : " The


most extraordinary things are happening . " Fifty


committee members will appear at Bow-street


today , including Lord Russell , Lady Russell ,


Lord Boyd-Orr , the Rev. Michael Scott , and


Mr. Clark .


They are required to show why they


should not be bound over for disturbing


the peace and for inciting a breach


of the peace . The summonses say they


are " likely to persevere in such unlawful


conduct . " Lord Russell , 89 , was


putting his affairs in order , and


packing a case , at his Chelsea home


yesterday . His secretary , American-born


Mr. Ralph Schoenman , said :


" He is not going to agree to be bound over . That will


probably mean jail and , though frail , he is very fit and


will take the rigours of prison in his stride . He


hopes to be allowed to do some writing . " Back at


the Press conference , Mr. Clark said two committee


members tried a " plant " call on suspect phone . They


discussed a sit-down at Watford at 5.30 p.m. - none


was planned but police turned up .


Sir Roy Welensky said today that he no


longer accepted the good faith of Mr. Kenneth


Kaunda . Sir Roy , Federal Rhodesian Prime Minister ,


said that Mr. Kaunda's United National Independence


Party was a monster as vicious as the Zambia


National Congress , which was led by Mr. Kaunda


until he was outlawed in 1959 . The record


of lawlessness among UNIP supporters went


back a long way , Sir Roy told the


Federal Parliament in Salisbury .


He cited cases in which hundreds of UNIP supporters


had been arrested or convicted since last year on


charges of creating disturbances . During the first


three weeks of the present trouble 287 incidents


had been reported in Northern Rhodesia . More


than 500 people - 167 of them members of


the UNIP - were convicted last month in the


Northern Province alone .


" Against this background must be taken Mr.


Kaunda's repeated statements that all he is


doing is in the name of non-violence , " said


Sir Roy . " I am now compelled to say that


I don't accept his good faith . " He said


Mr. Kaunda must know that his statements


had stimulated violence , but he had done


nothing to stop it .


" It is true he made a point of again being absent


from Northern Rhodesia when his followers have


indulged in such violence . " But Sir Roy pointed out


that a few months ago Mr. Kaunda said that


if UNIP did not get its way what would happen


would make the Mau Mau in Kenya " seem like a


child's picnic . "


JOHN DICKIE writes : Mr. Macmillan gave top


priority to the clash over Northern Rhodesia on his


return from Scotland yesterday . He summoned Mr.


Iain Macleod , Colonial Secretary , and Mr. Duncan Sandys ,


Commonwealth Relations Secretary for an hour's talks


at Admiralty House . A statement is expected today


to hold the door open for modifications to the


new Constitution provided law and order is maintained


in Northern Rhodesia .


Its terms have set the Prime Minister an exacting


problem . Mr. Sandys has warned of the risk of a


strong reaction from Sir Roy Welensky to any


suggestion that there may be fresh concessions to the


African nationalists . Mr. Macleod has ample evidence


from talks with Sir John Moffat , Northern Rhodesian


Liberal leader , and Mr. Kaunda , that the bulk


of moderates and Africans will reject the


Constitution unless it is modified .


A ROYAL welcome for the Kabaka of


Buganda ( King Freddie ) from Princess


Elizabeth Bagaya of Toro , kneeling at the


foot of his airliner's steps at London Airport


yesterday . Forty other Africans greeted him ,


kneeling with heads bowed . The princess ,


aged 24 , is now studying history at Cambri-


dge , where she is a friend of Prince William


of Gloucester .


King Freddie and three other hereditary rulers of


native kingdoms in Uganda arrived for talks with


Colonial Secretary Mr. Iain Macleod , before the


Uganda Constitutional conference opens next Monday .


The question : Their status in an independent Uganda .


The thorniest problem for next week's conference is


to settle the relationships between them and the


rest of the country . A Government report has


recognised their rights and recommended a form of


federal association , but the four kings are not


Instead , the kings will remain in London


and wait to hear the conference's proposals .


Then their views will be transmitted back .


MR. BUTLER , the Home Secretary , has decided


to meet head-on the biggest challenge to


Government authority yet presented by the


" Ban-the-Bomb " demonstrators . Police leave


has been cancelled and secret plans prepared


to deal with the mass sit-down rally planned


for Sunday in Parliament-square by the


Committee of 100 , the anti-nuclear arms


group .


It was Mr. Butler who authorised action which


ended yesterday in 32 members of the


Committee of 100 being imprisoned for inciting


a breach of the peace . The committee's


president 89-year-old Earl Russell and


his 61-year-old wife were each jailed for


a week . Playwrights Arnold Wesker ( The Kitchen )


and Robert Bolt ( The Flowering Cherry ) were


jailed for a month .


The possibility that the Government might


invoke the Public Order Act , 1936 , and


declare the whole rally illegal - whether


the demonstrators sit down or not - was


being discussed in Whitehall last night .


It was last used a year ago , to deal


with the St. Pancras rent riots . Today


Mr. Butler will have talks with Police


Commissioner Sir Joseph Simpson to


draw up final plans for the " Battle


of Parliament Square . "


Measures agreed so far include : 1 . A mass


call-out of police , special constables


and reserves , with 750 policemen posted


from outlying districts to stations in


the area - West End Central , Bow-street ,


and Cannon-row .


Today , for example , the Foreign Minister of Indo-


nesia arrived in Belgrade as the guest of the Yugoslav


Foreign Minister . In fact such Yugoslav activity has


been # particularly intensified in the past year


or so and though so far , apart from joint action


in the United Nations , these exchanges have not


been seen on any wider basis , President Tito


is known for some time to have favoured a


conference of neutralist leaders .


The wish was particularly apparent in comments


on the occasion of the conference in Casablanca and ,


in particular , in Yugoslav approval of the idea of an


inter-African consultative assembly which would


coordinate activity on the political and economic


sphere ; and it is not difficult to see that President


Tito would like some such idea extended also


to the whole uncommitted world


But he now feels , in view of a changed international


situation and especially in view of fresh problems facing


the new and independent countries of Africa , that the


time is ripe to have more frequent consultations between


the uncommitted countries and even to work out common


stands on various problems facing those nations . Two


subjects , the Congo and Algeria , are the main topics


of the talks in Belgrade - and on both the two


leaders have identical ideas .


Two emissaries from the Laotian Government


of Prince Boun Oum have arrived in


Phnom Penh , Cambodia , to invite Prince


Souvanna Phouma , the former Prime Min-


ister , to return to Laos . No details of


their mission have been disclosed , but it


was reported earlier in Laos that Prince


Boun Oum was considering asking


Prince Souvanna Phouma to join his


Government .


Prince Souvanna Phouma has not yet replied to


the mission , but recent statements made by him


in Phnom Penh indicate that he still regards


himself as the only legal Prime Minister of


Laos . His policy of strict neutrality from 1951


to 1958 kept the kingdom in peace , though


at the cost of virtual partition of the country


into the pro-communist north and the


pro-western centre and south .


Prince Souvanna's former Minister of


Information , Mr. Quinim Pholsena , who


claims to be his representative in


Laos , yesterday addressed all officers


of the pro-communist forces


occupying the province of Xieng


Khouang and emphasized that


Prince Souphannouvong , leader


of the pro-communist Neo Lao


Haksat Party , also to the officers


in the same terms .


This emphasis on the legality of the former


Government suggests that all is not well


with the political and military leadership


of the pro-communists . Most of the


province of Xieng Khouang and the


tactically useful Plain of Jars , however ,


appear still to be firmly in their hands .


The Government has claimed the


recapture of Vang Vieng , the pro-


communists' former base 60 miles


north of Vientiane , but this claim


A correspondent who travelled yesterday to within


a few miles of Vang Vieng was told by officers that


this village was still held by the pro-communists .


With the Prime Minister sunning himself in Jamaica


and # his Cabinet out in the grass roots making


160 speeches in 80 constituencies in 10 days , the Liberal


Party are holding a national conference here with


some 2,000 delegates , the biggest gathering since 1958


when Mr. Lester Pearson was chosen as party


leader .


In some ways it will be a testing occasion


for him , although some think his position


unassailable simply because there is no one


else in sight to supplant him . So the con-


ference will concentrate on laying the


foundations on which to win the next


election . The rally comes at a time


when in spite of carefully worded state-


ments by the Prime Minister there is an


air of electoral expectancy .


Members of the Cabinet are basing their speeches on


a new Conservative booklet called The Record Speaks


which outlines in some detail the accomplishments


of the party since it came to office three and


a half years ago . Nevertheless there is little


illusion in the Conservative Party that their


stock at home has fallen in the face of


heavy unemployment and an uncertain economy .


Last year saw the defeat of two Conservative


provincial governments , Quebec and New Brunswick , and


in the four federal by-elections last October the party


fared badly . They are now faced with four other by-


elections , one at Esquimalt Saanich , British Columbia ,


one in Leeds , Ontario , and the other two in the


Maritimes - Restigouche Madawaska , New Brunswick ,


and Kings , Prince Edward Island .


All four were Conservative strongholds . Last September


a public poll showed that for the first time since


the Administration came to power in 1957 the


Liberals were ahead ( 43 per cent were in favour


of " The Grits " if a federal election had been


held last autumn , 38 per cent for the


Conservatives and 12 per cent for the C.C.F. ) .


However , a separate poll revealed that Mr.


Diefenbaker was still ahead in terms of


popularity as an individual leader ( for


Mr. Diefenbaker 36 per cent , for Mr.


Pearson 34 per cent ) . How far is Mr.


Lester Pearson acceptable to the people


of Canada as a Prime Minister ? Many


observers at the national rally will be


seeking an answer .


It is difficult for many to see Mr. Pearson


in the role of a popular orator at the


hustings , the spellbinder that Mr. Diefen-


baker was in the last two campaigns . The


impression remains that the Liberal leader


is still the diplomatist , more at home


in the chancery , or the corridors of the United


Nations , not the father figure , so necessary


in Canadian leadership , or the practical


politician , able to talk about sewage problems


in Algoma East .


On the other hand , Mr. Pearson excels


in meeting people informally , but many


still regard him " as some sort of cross


between an egghead and a missionary " .


His party advisers are now trying to


correct that image . The bow tie has


gone ; he is having lessons on


television techniques and is being coached


by speech experts .


Everything is being done to promote


a new image . Certainly , he is now a


much lessly trounced by Mr. Diefen-


baker in the House in those early


days . It has been a hard road back


but now , with plenty of political


ammunition given him by the Gov-


ernment in recent sessions , he is


leading the Opposition with skill and


assurance and is a match for the


Prime Minister across the floor .


Sentence Database


Mr. Pearson is now talking about " his


new and dynamic liberalism " and this


week will # show perhaps how far " Mike


will go . The main topic under review is


unemployment , but there will be 21


committees examining subjects


ranging from foreign investment in


Canada to the problems of the Atlantic


provinces . However , be this election


year or not , Mr. Pearson , with his party


increasingly confident of return to power ,


Mr. Thorneycroft , the Minister of Aviation , who arrives in


Bonn tomorrow for talks with the Federal Government on a


European space satellite project , will find the Germans


interested in the principle of space research , but rather


sceptical about British plans for organizing it .


Stated more bluntly , they are still unconvinced that


this is not primarily an effort on Britain's part to


salve Blue Streak , which was abandoned last summer


as a military project ; or that the European space satellite


is indeed to be purely scientific in character .


Mr. Thorneycroft's main purpose will be to


remove these doubts , and to persuade the


Federal Government that the financial burden


involved is really worth while , at a time when


any increase in budgetary commitments


would almost certainly involve a corresponding


rise in taxation - something no one is prepared


to contemplate in an election year .


But , at the same time , there is reason to


believe that the Federal Government is not


convinced , on the basis of the information


it has so far , that such a project would


be justified from a scientific point of view ;


and not merely constitute a " prestige "


satellite , duplicating to some extent American


efforts , as Die Welt suggests today in


a highly critical editorial article .


On the specific question of the use of Blue


Streak , Mr. Thorneycroft's task will be


easier . He can point out that this is the


only rocket and launcher in Europe to


have reached a sufficient stage of development


for adaptation as the first stage in


putting a heavy satellite into outer space .


There has also been some talk of adopting another


British rocket , Black Knight , for the second


stage , but the French have one of their


own called Veronique which they would


like to see used .


The Foreign Ministry spokesman added


today , however , that the Brussels Treaty


was irrelevant , because research on the


various rocket stages had already been


concluded , and only cooperation on the type


of capsule was involved . A lesser obstacle


to German participation is the absence of


any Ministry or Minister directly responsible


for it - and therefore of any budget


under which funds could be appropriated .


This is expected eventually to replace the


Fiat G-91 , and the F 104 Starfighter ,


the backbone of the German Air


Force .


PRESIDENT KENNEDY renewed his pressure


on Mr. Harold Macmillan to join the


Common Market during their talks at Admiralty


House , Whitehall , yesterday . Much of their


three hours , 20 minutes of discussion is believed


to have been devoted to this main point


of American policy .


It arose during talks following


President Kennedy's report to the British


Prime Minister of the outcome of his recent


visit to Paris . There General de Gaulle had made


clear that he would accept Britain into the


Common Market only if there were no conditions


laid down to meet the Commonwealth


and other reservations .


Mr. Kennedy told Mr. Macmillan that he still


wanted him to apply for membership of the Common


Market , even if it meant an unconditional surrender .


There were also brief discussions on Laos , Berlin


and other foreign questions , after Mr. Kennedy had


informed Mr. Macmillan of his discussions with Mr.


Krushchov . With the exception of 40 minutes when


Lord Home , Foreign Secretary , and Mr. McGeorge


Bundy , the President's special assistant for


security affairs , were brought in , the two


men talked alone .


An attempt to get more information about the


Admiralty House meeting will be made in the


House of Commons this afternoon . Labour M.P.s already


have many questions to the Prime Minister asking


for a statement . President Kennedy flew from London


Airport last night to arrive in Washington this


morning . He is to make a 30-minute nation-wide


broadcast and television report on his


talks with Mr. Krushchov this evening .


The joint communique on Mr. Kennedy's and Mr. Macmillan's


third talks - the first were at Key West , Florida , the second in


Washington - said : " Their discussions covered the major problems ,


both economic and political , and revealed once again the


close agreement of the two Governments in pursuing their


common purposes . " Occasion was given to review the need for


economic co-operation and expansion in the general interests


of developed and underdeveloped countries alike . "


It said that the President and Premier noted " with satisfaction " the


agreement in Vienna on the need for an effective Laos ceasefire ,


which should lead to progress toward a Laos agreement at the


Geneva conference . " Particular attention was also given to the


nuclear tests conference and to the question of disarmament . " The


situation in regard to Germany was reviewed , and there was full


agreement on the necessity of maintaining the rights and


obligations of the allied Governments in Berlin . "


Apart from their formal Admiralty House talks , followed by lunch


given by Lady Dorothy Macmillan with Mrs. Kennedy and other


guests present , Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Macmillan met three more


times yesterday . In PARIS , Mr. Dean Rusk , U.S. Secretary of


State , gave a 90-minute briefing on the Vienna talks to the


15-nation Nato council . Some of his listeners said he was


" rather pessimistic " and talked of a Berlin crisis later this year .


From Nato headquarters Mr. Rusk went to see President de Gaulle


and informed him of the Vienna outcome . Last night Mr. Rusk arrived


in London in time to join the Buckingham Palace dinner and to


fly home with the President . In DUESSELDORF , Chancellor Adenauer


said the Vienna talks " might be the beginning of a slight improvement , "


but no big changes should be expected in the political situation .


RELAXED , smiling and clearly in the best of


spirits , Mr. Krushchov yesterday returned to


Moscow after his two days of talks with President


Kennedy , writes Dennis Ogden from Moscow . The


good beginning made at Vienna must be


followed up by new efforts for peace , the


Soviet Communist Party newspaper Pravda


declared yesterday . Events in Vienna " gave hope


to people of goodwill who hate the cold war ,


and to all who are striving for a stable peace , "


" Thinking over the results of the Vienna


meeting , peace-loving people will say ' a


good beginning . ' " Mr. Krushchov remained at the


airport to join President Brezhnev in welcoming


Dr. Sukarno , President and Prime Minister of


Indonesia , who arrived by Boeing 707 jet on a


state visit 40 minutes after Mr. Khrushchov had


arrived from Vienna . A cheering , delighted crowd


of Indonesian students broke through crash barriers


to surround their President on the tarmac for


In VIENNA , before flying off to Moscow ,


Mr. Khrushchov said he hoped his weekend


talks with President Kennedy would # help " to


establish an enduring peace between nations . "


Replying to a farewell speech from Austrian President


Schaerf , the Soviet Premier thanked Austria for


the hospitality and welcome he had received .


" The Soviet Union has always striven and is


striving to safeguard an enduring peace for


the peoples , to secure an early solution of the


MR. GAITSKELL today delivered a full-blooded


defence of the Polaris missile base . And by


implication he supported the establishment of


sites in Britain for the training of German


troops . His main theme was that nuclear


weapons were necessary to defend Britain , that


Britain must depend on Nato and " the West "


must have nuclear weapons so long as the


Soviet Union has them .


Addressing the annual congress of the National Union


of General and Municipal Workers , he said he felt


sure the Labour movement was coming round in


support of his views . Obviously conscious of the fierce and


widespread resentment over the U.S. Polaris base in


Britain , Mr. Gaitskell said that he even noticed that


supporters of unilateral nuclear disarmament were changing


their tactics by switching most of their emphasis on


to the missile .


Mr Gaitskell said that a member of an alliance could


not deny facilities to nations to which it was


allied . But governments should be free to negotiate


and refuse proposals with which they did not


agree . The Labour Party opposed Thor missiles , because ,


he said , they were out of date and vulnerable and


would attract enemy action .


That argument did not apply to the Polaris submarine .


So long as the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons ,


the West , somewhere , must have them too . It


was far better for a weapon used for retaliatory


purposes to be under the sea rather than on land .


This was why the Labour Party did not think it right


to oppose the Polaris depot ship .


The party agreed that it was unwise to locate the base


in the Holy Loch , only 30 miles from Glasgow , a


city with two million people . It should be sited


in a more remote area . Mr. Gaitskell added that


the Scarborough conference decisions did not , in his


view , truly reflect the opinions of the majority


of party members and still less the party's


supporters in the country .


Mr Gaitskell added that agreement with the


unilateralists was not possible , though


he respected their views . He saw by reports


that " those who organise these things " were


recommending the supporters of unilateral nuclear


disarmament to shift the emphasis of


their intervention away from straight opposition


to the official document on to opposition


to the Polaris base .


To Mr. Macmillan , Mr Gaitskell said the


Prime Minister should begin to take


seriously the danger of the spread of nuclear


weapons within the Nato alliance . " Let us say


to Macmillan that he should press , I hope


with the agreement of Kennedy , in


talks with the Soviet Union , for the establishment


in central Europe of a zone of controlled


disarmament . "


He thought , he said , that the Soviet


Union would be prepared to reach


an agreement on a zone of controlled


disarmament in Europe . Mr Gaitskell


concluded , declaring that the present


was the beginning of a great period of


opportunity for the party . It was a


great chance that should be grasped .


Inter-union jealousies prevent the


fulfilment of a common policy for wages


and other major questions , Mr. Jack Cooper


The General Council of the Trades Union


Congress should therefore consider the


matter . Consideration should also be given


to the regrouping of unions and the


modification of their structures to


meet the growing concentration of


capital . Mr. Cooper argued that a


common industrial contribution was


urgent - particularly in unions serving


workers in the same industry - along


Suggesting that a total T.U.C.


membership of eight million was a " poor


show " compared with some countries , he


argued that the position needed examination .


BEFORE President Kennedy met Mr.


Macmillan yesterday morning he was given


the views of a wide section of the


British people about Polaris submarine


bases in this country . An open letter


written by Earl Russell hoping that the


Earl Russell , President of the Committee


of 100 , told Kennedy that he should


take notice of " that very large and


growing section which is opposed to


the establishment of a Polaris base ,


whether at Holy Loch or elsewhere on


British territory . " He pointed out that


already there have been protests but


that " very much larger protests are to


be expected and are being planned . "


There are three kinds of reasons that justify


the protests and these should carry weight with


the U.S. Government , Earl Russell suggested . " The


first of these reasons is the importance of pre-


serving the hitherto cordial relations between the


U.S. and Great Britain , not only in Government


circles , but in public opinion . " Earl Russell


says it is inevitable , though profoundly


regrettable , that the agitation against


the Polaris base has generated some antagonism


to the policy of the United States .


The second reason is concerned with doubts


as to the safety of the people of Great Britain ;


" in the time of crisis it would probably be


impossible for the British authorities to


exercise any degree of control over the action


of Polaris submarines . " He argues that


there is a distinct possibility that so long


as there is a Polaris base in Britain the


Soviet Union might retaliate against


Britain alone .


" Such retaliation might , and probably would ,


destroy the whole population of Britain in


the course of , at the most , an hour " without


provoking American retaliation . Earl Russell


believes : " It is very questionable whether


British membership of Nato and British


permission of American bases on our territory


add anything to the strength of America ,


while , on the contrary , they impose upon


America an onerous obligation which it


may prove impossible to fulfil . "


The third reason is that the supreme


interest for the whole world - East and


West and uncommitted nations - is the


prevention of nuclear war . " A rapidly


growing body of opinion in this country


believes that Britain could be more effective


in preventing a nuclear war as a neutral


by helping to suggest agreements which could


be accepted by both East and West . "


THE next White Paper on defence , to


be published in March , is likely to


contain a five-year plan for the three


Services . Its aim will be to produce superbly


equipped , all-Regular forces of


about 400,000 men . The three Services


would be " integrated " to a greater


extent than ever before .


Short of wearing the same uniform , which is


not contemplated , the Navy , Army and Royal


Air Force would become , for practical purposes ,


a single defence force . There would be


complete co-operation at all levels in training


and operations . This would apply also in the


command structure and central administrative


organisation . Mr. Watkinson , Minister of Defence ,


has been working on the plan for some months ,


with the Prime Minister's approval .


He has had numerous meetings with the Service


Ministers . He has also had talks with the Earl


of Home , Foreign Secretary , and with other


Ministers concerned with overseas aspects


of defence policy . Details of the scheme


are now being worked out by the Chiefs


of Staff , a process that may take four


or five months .


The scheme will be subject to Cabinet


approval . Mr. Watkinson remains con-


vinced that the policy initiated in


1957 , in Mr. Sandys's time as Minister


of Defence , is still correct . This was to


return to the tradition of all-Regular


voluntary forces , with the last National


Serviceman out of uniform by the end


of 1962 .


The Minister regards the recent trend


of recruiting figures as encouraging .


He is confident the aim can be achieved .


While the possibility of an eventual return


to National Service in some form


cannot be entirely discounted , he does


not agree that the point has been reached


where this need even be considered . If


National Service is ever resorted to ,


engagement would probably have to be for


three years .


It is thought this would be the minimum


necessary for the extended training modern


arms require and to enable each man to


serve at least a year overseas . There is


no truth in suggestions that Mr. Watkinson


is at odds with the Service chiefs over


the decision to dispense with National


Service , or over any other aspect of


defence policy .


Criticisms about Army manpower appear


to have come mainly from retired officers


who have held high positions but


are out of touch with the existing situation .


Mr. Watkinson has had the utmost support


from the C.I.G.S. , Field-Marshal Sir


Francis Festing , who believes completely


in the principle of an all-Regular army .


Gen. Sir Richard Hull , who is to succeed


Sir Francis , is equally convinced Mr.


Watkinson is right .


Sir Francis is to hand over to Sir Richard


as from Nov. 1 . The hand-over , due in


September , was delayed because of the


Berlin crisis . Mr. Watkinson and his advisers


felt the change would be unwise at a


moment # when attention had to be


concentrated on possible need for important


military operations . For this reason Sir


Francis stayed on , and # sacrificed


his leave .


There was a computed 8.4 per cent. swing


towards the Nationalist party of Dr. Verwoerd ,


the Prime Minister . This implies the dis-


appearance of the Progressive party from


the House . Early results in yesterday's


general election showed Nationalists being


returned in their strongholds , like Bloem-


fontein and the Transvaal , with slightly


increased majorities . In the Cape , the


veteran United Party politician , Mr. Harry


Lawrence , standing as a Progressive , was


The defeat of the leader of the


Progressive party , Dr. Steytler , in Port


Elizabeth South , announced immediately


afterwards by the United party candidate ,


Mr. Plewman , left the Progressives deprived


of both their chief figures . Dr. Verwoerd and


the Leader of the Opposition , Sir de


Villiers Graaff , have been returned unopposed .


The contests were for 86 seats as 70


Nationalists and 20 United party candi-


dates are unopposed .


Long before polling closed at 8 p.m. it was


evident that voters were bored by the


Government's frequent appeals to the electorate .


The election was the fourth in four years .


In most constituencies it may go down as


the most apathetic in the country's history .


THE Prime Minister disclosed in the Commons


last night that he had considered early


in the Parliamentary recess whether to


mobilise reserves necessary to bring the


British Army of the Rhine on to a war footing .


He decided that it would be a great error


to do so and to recall Parliament . But


there would be no hesitation in mobilising


if a further deterioration in the situation


warranted such a step . It would have to be


accompanied by other measures of a military ,


economic and political kind . Mr. Macmillan ,


who was winding up the foreign affairs


debate , said the Government could not


be party to accepting as a matter of


principle the imposed division of Germany .


" We must not be rattled into surrender ,


but we must not - and I am not - be


afraid of negotiation . " Mr. Godber ,


Minister of State , Foreign Office , said


earlier that the Government had asked


the Medical Research Council to reassess


the fall-out position in view of the Russian


tests . The Council's findings would be


made public .


With a vigour and authority which delighted


old Parliamentary friends and foes alike ,


the Earl of Avon , the former Sir Anthony


Eden , in his maiden speech in the House


of Lords last night , gave a warning


that # appeasement over Berlin could


only lead to war . To stand firm , he


declared , was not to invite war , but


the surest way to avert it .


It was the end of a rather curious


speech in which Mr. Macmillan wound up


the two-day debate on foreign affairs .


He began in a low , almost chatty mono-


tone , and his voice never rose to any


accent of urgency . He passed in rapid


review the United Nations Secretariat ;


nuclear tests ; the canard about British


interference with the United Nations


in the Congo ; Kuwait ; and South-East


Asia .


He spent most of his short half-hour on


Berlin . He deplored the possibility of


some " new myth " about betrayal of Germany


by the Allies . " We do not , " he said , " really


know what the Russians want . " But he was


certain that they wanted to establish a


final and irrevocable division of Germany .


Britain could not be a party to an imposed


division . But negotiation , as the debate had


shown , could be undertaken on a variety


of bases .


Mr. Macmillan explained that he had deliber-


ately refrained during the summer from


recalling Parliament or ordering mobilisation


by proclamation , such as would be


necessary to bring the British Army of the Rhine


on to a fully active footing . That


would have created a thoroughly unde-


sirable atmosphere of panic . He thought


that the situation was rather more


hopeful .


The Russians now realised its seriousness . The


French doubts were more about procedure


than about substance . The Prime Minister's


attitude of studied calm brought down the


temperature of the debate , which never


at any time rose to fever pitch , to a


remarkable degree of sub-normality .


Throughout Mr. Macmillan's speech the Earl


of Home , Foreign Secretary , was listening


in the Peers' Gallery .


The early speakers in the debate each


severely rated the speech of his predecessor .


These strictures were all too well justified .


We started with the plaintive wailings


of Mr. Healey , " Shadow " Foreign Secretary ,


described by Mr. Godber , Minister of


State , Foreign Office , as " pedantic and


obscure on Berlin , damaging and obscure


on the Congo . " In turn , Mr. Godber was


censured by Mr. Shinwell , former Labour


Defence Minister , for having read the


The trouble about such debates is that


they range too widely . They remind one of


the Rugby match in " Tom Brown's Schooldays , "


in which all the boys were welcome to


take part , and only those who " really meant


business " removed their jackets . Not many


metaphorical braces were visible in the


early stages of to-night's debate . Mr.


Healey had another tilt at the Prime Minister's


golf-course Press conference , which he


described as " a display of flabby and


A reference to the reunification of Germany


brought a bark of " Start another war ! "


from Mr. Ellis Smith ( Lab. , Stoke on Trent S. ) .


Then Mr. Healey launched out on his pet


theme of limitation of armaments in Europe .


This could , he suggested , be linked with


prohibition of the production of atomic


weapons in any part of Europe . Inspection


and control would be much easier to


establish in these territories .


Mr. Healey denounced the Government for


using double standards . Ministers had


rebuked the unaligned nations for not


condemning the new Russian tests , but


they themselves had no condemnation for


events in Angola or Algeria . It was not for


the Government , said Mr. Healey , to


take up moral attitudes , " especially when


the temple of their religion is the


bingo-parlour . "


This puzzled such students of comparative


religion as had failed to detect this cult .


But Mr. Healey had a partial and


limited success . He rallied behind him


the Left-wing opinion so coolly snubbed last


night by his leader , Mr. Gaitskell . Mr.


Godber's performance merited all the mild


scorn heaped on it by Mr. Shinwell .


True , he did tell the House that the


Government had asked the Medical Research


Council to reassess the fall-out position in


view of the Russian tests , and said that


the council's findings would be published .


He was not so happy in his defence of


the Government's failure to condemn


France for her nuclear tests in the


Sahara on the grounds that they were


only little ones .


This was too reminiscent of the nursemaid


and her illegitimate baby . For the most


part , Mr. Godber muttered his way


through a cliche-ridden Foreign Office


brief . He resembles the elephant seal , an


# otherwise endearing creature whose


articulation is limited , we are told , to a


series of heavy sighs . Sir Lynn Ungoed-


Thomas , M.P. for Leicester N.E. , a former


Labour Solicitor-General , and Mrs. Barbara


It was signed by 60 Labour M.P.s , many


of them Left-wing # sympathisers .


It condemned " the pollution of the world's


atmosphere as a crime against humanity . "


A personal letter of protest against the


tests from Canon Collins , chairman


of the Campaign for Nuclear


Disarmament , addressed to Mr.


# Khruschev , was also taken to the


Russian Embassy .


A POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT writes : Ban-the-


bomb demonstrators thronged the Central


Lobby of the House of Commons last


night and formed a queue stretching


for more than 200 yards outside


in Old Palace Yard . About 2,000


lobbied M.P.s and harangued them


on disarmament .


MR SELWYN LLOYD may speed up his plans


to catch speculators in shares and property .


The first hint of the Chancellor bowing to


public opinion over his " July Budget " came


dramatically in the Commons yesterday . Mr


Lloyd said on # Tuesday that he proposed


to deal in his next regular Budget with


some profits which now escape tax .


Sir Edward Boyle , Financial Secretary


to the Treasury , said yesterday that the


Government does not like retrospective legislation .


He went on to describe the kind of


people the Chancellor hopes to tax . These


are people buying and selling shares within


a short period , those " stagging " on a new issue


and property dealers who form a chain of


companies and put one property deal through


each .


Mr. Harold Wilson , Shadow Chancellor , jumped up to


offer the Government an easy passage for such


legislation . " Why don't you make proposals to legislate


in the autumn ? " Mr. Wilson asked . " We wouldn't call


it an Autumn Budget . You can call it a Taxation


Management Bill , if you like . " While Mr. Wilson


was speaking , the Prime Minister and Mr. Lloyd


had a whispered conversation .


They nodded at each other and Sir Edward


rose to say that the Chancellor would bear


Mr. Wilson's offer in mind . Guy Eden writes :


Treasury experts are already working on


the scheme . Profits of genuine investors


in industry will not be affected , but only


quick in-and-out speculator deals .


FRANK FOULKES , Communist president


of the ETU , refused yesterday to


" commit suicide " at the TUC's


invitation .


He was announcing his executive's rejection of the ultimatum to the


ETU. In reply to the call for his resignation he said : " Our rules


say that if an official resigns he is not allowed to run again


for three years . " I have only 2 1/2 years to go before I retire ,


so this is an invitation from my good friends of the TUC that


I should commit hara-kiri .


The other TUC demands : Five leading


Communists must not hold office for five


years ; Sub-committees set up to strip


secretary John Byrne of his powers must


disband in ten days . These the ETU


executive rejected as " wholly unacceptable "


and " unwarranted " interference . " But it


agreed to postpone operation of the sub-


committees .


The small rocket craft , for destroying big


ships , are controlled automatically , even


to the preparations for launching their


rockets . Applauding on the river banks at


Leningrad were thousands now told that in


20 years they will have free food , housing , light ,


heat , transport and medical treatment - all


for a working week of 34 to 36 hours .


" The whole naval might of the Soviet


Union can be seen here - a truly inspiring


and proud sight , " said Moscow radio's


commentator . The parade was reviewed by


Marshal Andrei Grechko , commanding the


forces of the Warsaw Pact countries -


the Communist " Nato . " He said rocket-


carrying atomic submarines now formed


the basis of the Soviet Navy . MR.


MACMILLAN'S announcement in the


Commons of his momentous


Mr. Anthony Fell ( Yarmouth ) called the decision " shocking "


and added : " It is the most disastrous thing any Prime


Minister has done for many , many generations . " He


concluded : " The best service the Prime Minister can do


would be to resign . " The outburst shocked MPs of


all parties . Even close friends were signalling Mr. Fell


to stop .


There were loud cries of " shame " from


all parts of the Conservative side . Mr.


Fell appeared to be in tears as he sat


down . A few minutes later , Mr. Fell got up


and left the chamber . He returned five


minutes later to stand just inside the


doorway looking more composed . In the


middle of the amazing scene , Mr. Macmillan


waved his hand at Mr. Fell .


This seemed to infuriate Mr. Fell even more . " I cannot be told


to sit down by the Prime Minister . " Protests had been expected


from Tory rebels . But Mr. Fell's attack was unprecedented . He


accused the Prime Minister of " political double talk . " " It had


the effect on one former supporter that he now thinks this Prime


Minister is a national disaster , " he said .


Most MPs agreed that Mr. Fell's attack had , if


anything , rallied support to the Prime Minister .


This apparently , was Mr. Macmillan's assessment .


He confined his reply to the observation


that Mr. Fell had probably " maximised his


support . " There were no other attacks


of such ferocity . But there was ample


evidence of Conservative and Labour


opposition , which will be aired in the


debate tomorrow and on Thursday .


As Mr. Macmillan made his announcement , the


House was crowded . He said : " No # British


Government could join the European Economic


Community without prior negotiation with a view


to meeting the needs of the Commonwealth countries ,


of our European Free Trade Association partners


and of British agriculture . " Near the end of a


long statement , Mr. Macmillan stated the


Government's intention :


" After long and earnest consideration , Her


Majesty's Government have come to the


conclusion that it would be right for


Britain to make a formal application . .


for negotiations with a view to joining


the Community . " At this point , Mr. Paul


Williams ( Cons. , Sunderland ) called out


" Shame . " Mr. Williams is a close


associate of Mr. Fell .


He claimed that , unless we were in the


Common Market , we should not be able to


play any part in # determining its future .


" We can lead better from within , " he said .


Mr. Macmillan dealt with the main objection


raised by Tory critics . Mr. Anthony Fell ,


who created a scene on this point on


Monday , took up a position almost hidden


behind the Serjeant at Arms' chair .


Mr. Macmillan said we could be more help


to the Commonwealth through the


strength we would gain in the Common


Market than by isolation . He paid


tribute to the development of the


Common Market . " The Community


( Common Market ) has imparted an


impetus and an economic growth


to The Six . Above all , it is an idea


which has gripped men's minds , "


he said .


Referring to previous negotiations , Mr. Macmillan looked towards


Mr. Reginald Maudling . " These were negotiations in which the


President of the Board of Trade played a conspicuous part , " the


Premier said . He dismissed the idea that Britain would be


swamped by cheap labour . Our industry , he said , would


probably gain . " Many people feel we have had , perhaps , too


much shelter , " he went on .


Conservatives protested when


Mr. Gaitskell said he had been


told this " by some # people


of considerable authority , " he


retorted . " I agree with the Prime


Minister that I do not think


we are necessarily bound for


federalism in Europe , " he went


on .


If we joined the Common Market , our


food subsidies would probably be


replaced by a system of tariffs " That


will mean a rise in the cost of living . "


BUDGETTE or no Budgette YOU are


spending more as the summer holiday


season moves into top gear .


On the eve of August Bank Holiday


the spending spree is at a new


all-time peak .


Note circulation soared for the


sixth successive week - this


time by more than 15,000,000 # last


week . And that brought the figure


to a record 2,415,000,000 . This was


100,000,000 more than the corresponding


week last year and 37,000,000 up on


the 1960 record set last Christmas .


Now look at the other side of all


these coins .


The big " squeeze " means that it is going to be more


difficult to arrange a loan or overdraft . And banks will be


stricter in recalling existing overdrafts . This is underlined in


the Central Bank's weekly return ... ... which shows that more


than 163,000,000 of the banks' money is now frozen in the


form of special deposits with the Bank of England .


Banks have paid in a first


instalment of almost 8,000,000


in response to the Budgette appeal .


About another 70,000,000 is due


by September 20 . For nearly a year


about 150,000,000 has been frozen .


MR. KRUSCHEV raises the bogy of


German militarism in his replies to


the West on Berlin . And he repeats


that the problem " must be solved


this year . "


The Notes to the Big Three and a memorandum to


West Germany were published in Moscow yesterday . They


tell : The U.S. - It is false to say the absence of a peace


treaty with Germany causes no real danger . West Germany ,


with its militarists and revenge-seekers , is becoming a


hotbed of war danger in Europe . Even now , aided by


the U.S. , Britain and France , it has more than enough


forces and arms to touch off a world war .


BRITAIN - One cannot but wonder at British bases being


put at the disposal of those very militarists who razed


Coventry and barbarously bombed London and other British


cities . FRANCE - One can hardly conceive the French are


not alarmed ... . Next door , in West Germany , before everyone's


eyes there has sprung up a regular army led by former Nazi


generals and officers .


With fire and sword France denies Algeria the right to self-


determination and tramples on Tunisians' right to independence .


WEST GERMANY - Russia would like to see a clear #


realization that West Germany would not survive even a few hours


of a third world war . The best way to rule out such a tragic


contingency would be to sign a peace treaty to remove the cancerous


growth of West Berlin's occupation status .


Behind Bonn's slogan of German self-


determination is the intention to impose


on East Germany the regime existing in


West Germany . REFUGEES are pouring out


# of East Germany into West


Berlin faster than ever . Mr. K's latest


speech scared 1,157 East Germans to


cross into West Berlin's reception centre


DURING MONDAY NIGHT . And officials


expect the total to leap to


3,000 a day .


This figure has been surpassed only on the eve of the


East German disturbances on July 17 , 1953 . And officials


fear it may be too much for the city's refugee camps .


They will overflow and private houses will have to be used .


Prime Minister after Prime Minister speaks out


in revulsion against the South African


Government's policy of apartheid as we wait


for the curtain to rise on the Commonwealth


Conference in London . Will it end with


South Africa's exclusion from the


Commonwealth ? The issue is touch and go .


There is a possibility that it will not be


settled at this conference . It may be agreed to


wait until South Africa actually becomes a


Republic later in the year . But if a final


decision is to be faced now , on which side


do the strongest arguments lie ? THE Archbishop


of Capetown has shown that the matter is


not clear-cut .


The Archbishop has long been a courageous


fighter against apartheid . He must be heard


with attention . On purely practical grounds he


holds that it would be a mistake to expel


South Africa , weakening the whites who are


working for a change of policy . In his view


it would also be against the interests of the


Africans .


He holds that more pressure can be put on South


Africa while she remains in the Commonwealth


than could be exercised were she cut off from it .


On the other hand , those who favour expulsion , inclu-


ding African leaders , feel that nothing less than the


shock of expulsion will weaken the grip of Dr.


Verwoerd and the Nationalists . They point out


that Dr. Verwoerd refuses to consider abandoning


the apartheid policy .


THE Commonwealth is a multi-racial society . A


policy of racial discrimination in any of its countries


is surely the one thing that it could not survive .


Whatever statesmen say at the conference table in


London , millions at home would regard as fraudulent


a Commonwealth which had room for a racist


South Africa . And this is a Commonwealth in


which five citizens are coloured for every one


who is white .


Seen in this wider picture , a South Africa that clings to


apartheid is a menace to the Commonwealth and a


liability to the whole Western world . A practical


solution would be for the Commonwealth to draft


a set of principles excluding race discrimination .


And so leave South Africa to make the grade ,


or go out .


THE Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh come home


tonight from their tour in the East . The duke's


trigger-finger and the ritual slaughter of beasts


have taken the headlines in this country .


Nevertheless , the tour has been an immense


success . The Queen has won a triumph . It


would be pleasanter if such cruel and feudal


performances as tiger and rhino hunts were


dropped from future Royal programmes .


But the Queen and the Duke have pleased millions by


their visit . The warmth of their welcome in India and


Pakistan are happy memories . WEST GERMANY - followed


yesterday by the Dutch - has made the gesture


of a good neighbour . She has put up the value


of her money .


Certainly , the rise is very small . But it is a step


in the direction of live-and-let-live . Hopes


will now grow brighter of further international


co-operation , which is the only way to solve the


payments difficulties that upset the Western world .


Britain and the U.S. , which have problems with


their balances , will gain some immediate help .


What it means in practical terms is that our


exports to Germany will now be a little cheaper


for Germans to buy , while the goods which


Germany exports will be made a little dearer .


Booming Germany is deliberately encouraging more imports


as a means to curb rising prices at home . She is


also aware how # unpopular she has been growing


by failing until now to co-operate as a creditor nation


should . Germany exports much more than she imports .


For upwards of five years the world's reserves of


dollars have been drained into Germany .


There they have stayed uselessly locked up because


Germany has no tradition of trading abroad . In addition


the strength of Germany's trading position has attracted


speculators to hold marks rather than pounds or dollars ,


hoping for the mark to rise , as has now happened .


WILL the new valuation be enough to correct


Germany's massive trading surplus and choke


off speculation against dollar and pound ?


That is doubtful . If however , in addition to her new


good-neighbour gesture , Germany takes a really big


share in giving aid to underdeveloped nations , the


world outlook will be brighter . What gives rise


to optimism is the sign that Germany and the


other leading Western nations are at long last


moving towards a solution of currency problems


by co-operation .


A CURIOUS advertisement on page nine , paid


for by that curious body Moral Re-Armament .


Those who lend their names to this kind of


advertisement are worthy people , a little innocent


of politics , perhaps , or carried away by the


idea that moral regeneration would solve


all our problems . So it would . While we are


waiting for the millenium , however , most of us


would prefer to put our hopes for earthly justice in


instruments of democracy , such as trade unions


and our local and national Parliaments .


Should the Herald publish such advertisements ?


This is a difficult question . It would obviously


be wrong to refuse all political advertisements with


which we disagree . When an advertisement


contains statements whose factual truth is


doubtful , or where the total content would be


deeply repugnant to our readers , it is right to


exercise editorial discretion . The MRA


advertisement falls into neither category , though


many readers will dislike it .


The first reaction of the Sudanese


Government was to denounce the United


Nations for " negligence and impotence , " and


to say that its 400 troops in the Congo


would be taken home . The reaction can be


understood . The Sudan's concern for its


men is natural . But this could hardly be


a # dignified exit . IF the UN is


blamed for being weak , it would be


more logical to send in more men ,


not weaken it further by desertion .


It is unjust to pass the buck to Mr.


Hammarskjold and the UN's servants . The


responsibility rightly belongs to the nations


which have undertaken the task of pre-


serving peace in the Congo . That is not a


ceremonial duty , and the soldiers have every


right to blame the politicians unless they see


it through . When the United Nations instructed


Mr. Hammarskjold to use force if necessary to


prevent civil war , it was clear that new dangers


would arise unless it gave him the political ...


That was the first point that Mr. Hammarskjold


made . India has responded handsomely by providing


3,000 men , who must take about a fortnight to arrive .


If the UN forces were thick enough on the ground ,


such incidents as that at Matadi would not


happen . THE UN's ability to keep peace depends


simply on adequate support by the nations


which have set their hands to this plough .


The big Powers involved in the Cold War


must of course keep out . The Americans were


justified in diverting naval ships in case


non-combatant help was wanted ; but they


stressed that there was no intention to intervene


in fighting . Yesterday the ships turned away


again , satisfied that they were not required .


It is to be hoped that the UN will be


re-established in their port by negotiation


and that there will be no more outrages .


But back , Mr. Hammarskjold is determined ,


they must go . The best news for the Congo


would be agreement between its rival


political leaders . Through the patient efforts


of UN conciliators they are meeting for


the first time , in Malagasy ( formerly


Madagascar ) . THE world will sigh with


relief when this strife-torn land gets


itself a government which all outsiders


can recognise .


ONLY a man wrapped in the impenetrable cocoon of what he regards


as a divine mission could have spoken of apartheid as " a


policy of good neighbourliness . " We may be sure that


he is not being hypocritical . That is what he


really believes . A good neighbour to those Africans


who , under apartheid , will be forced back to


their tribal reserves with no prospect but a


cramped and primitive existence .


A good neighbour to those Africans who will con-


tinue to live as hewers of wood and drawers of


water in the white areas of South Africa , without rights


and without hope . THE same sort of good neighbour


that he proved to be to the Jews fleeing from


Hitler in the thirties . It was Dr. Verwoerd who


led a protest against admitting any of them


because they would " defile " the national


white stock .


It is impossible to make contact with Dr. Ver-


woerd in his nightmare world . It is this that


makes illusory any hopes that he may be in-


fluenced to change course . The Archbishop of


Capetown , Dr. Joost de Blank , has pleaded that


South Africa should be allowed to stay in the


Commonwealth . Otherwise , he says , those inside the


country who still oppose apartheid will be


left even more isolated and alone .


The views of the Archbishop , who has


maintained an unflinching witness to what


Christianity really means , must carry weight . But


what , in fact , can the other Commonwealth countries


do to bring support and comfort to this gallant


minority ? THERE is no evidence that the


policy of appeasement has modified the


actions of the Nationalists . On the contrary ,


apartheid is being applied ever more


ruthlessly .


The shock of expulsion from the


Commonwealth now seems to be the only


way left to try to bring home to the people of


South Africa that Dr. Verwoerd is leading them


to disaster . It may be that the Commonwealth


Prime Ministers will decide against this final


step . If that is their decision they should also


go unequivocally on record that they regard


apartheid as evil and indefensible .


Unless they do at least that , Dr. Verwoerd will


be able to return home claiming a triumph .


His smile will be blander than ever . WE are in


for it again : another Royal Wedding . Between


now and June , when the Duke of Kent will


marry Miss Worsley , hardly a day will pass


without a story or a picture or probably both ,


about the nuptial arrangements .


What seems certain is that those who


advocate putting off any approach until


Mr Krushchev gives evidence of a change


of heart ( whatever that may mean ) would


have us run risks greater than the West


ought to run - and greater than President


Kennedy's most influential advisers seem


disposed to face . The real question is


what we should put to the Soviet


Government as a basis for talks : and


On this reading what Mr. Gollancz calls


manoeuvring , and what we should call


cool-headed and inventive negotiation , is


a means not to destruction but to safety .


The Government's pompous little statement


on Northern Rhodesia does not say much ,


but it says what is necessary - that


the Northern Rhodesia Constitution is


open to revision . This is news , however


much the Government tries to disguise


it by saying that the revision would be


Formula One , which appeared in February , appeared to make


this likely ; Formula Two , which appeared in June , made it


very unlikely ; if Formula Three restores the original


principle , that is all that need be required of it . It is a pity


that the Government should ever have been led away


from this principle . It is a great pity that the


Government should give the appearance of responding , not


to Mr Kaunda's reasonable representations , but to


the violence which he tried to prevent .


To be able to say " New York next week " is an


important advance . We must not be overconfident


that this # meeting will lead on to further


and decisive ones ; but without it , we could not


look for them . Federal Germany votes tomorrow


and not a day too soon . There can seldom have


been an election campaign which more people


in and out of the country wanted to see over


and done with .


To Germany's Western allies the campaign has been a


millstone weighing down and almost paralysing their


efforts to work out sensible ways of dealing with


the Berlin crisis . It need not have been such a burden


if Western Governments had not been convinced


that they must do nothing to harm even remotely Dr


Adenauer's chances of being returned as Chancellor .


But they were so convinced and they


have had to take the consequences . Mean-


while in Germany itself the course of


the campaign has dismayed a good


many people : they too will be glad


when the polling stations close .


But discussion on current points of east-west con-


flict could not go much farther than , for example , the


truism that policies of menace and mutual disarmament


cannot be followed together . What the council has done -


and it is an achievement - is to make religious con-


tact across the greatest political barrier in what


is not yet a unitary world .


The notification he envisages must be given at least two days before the


agreement is signed . To this there will be some opposition . The Bill is


short and modest in scope , and it is doubtful whether the other Private


Members' Bills in the offing will fill all the gaps . This fact may give


the Government an extra excuse for counselling patience until the


next report from the Molony committee .


Comprehensive legislation is obviously preferable . They should not ,


however , disdain this opportunity of obtaining a useful sample of


parliamentary opinion by at least allowing these Bills a fair run .


Centigrade v. Fahrenheit . The fight is on . The challenger has behind


it not only the authority of the SECRETARY of STATE for AIR


but also the backing of the DIRECTOR GENERAL of the Meteoro-


logical Office .


The press and the broadcasting authorities are


asked to help . To begin with , both tempe-


ratures will be put in the ring together .


SIR GRAHAM SUTTON , however , made no bones


about it yesterday . The purpose is to give


fahrenheit the knock out . The backers of


centigrade would have got off to a better


start if they had taken more pains to


explain the advantages to the general


public of the change .


It is true that SIR GRAHAM said there is


at the moment " an awful mess up " in


the measurement of temperatures . This ,


however , seems a matter of the convenience


of specialists . The ordinary British man


and woman is conscious of no difficulty .


Rather than fifty million people having


to be put out for the sake of 50,000 is there


any reason why the centigrade countries


should not change to fahrenheit ?


Can it be shown that the one scale is demon-


strably better than the other ? The centigraders may


be in for a stiffer fight than they think . They may


have to call up the reinforcement of the Common Market .


Even then it might be easier to persuade the British


public to go over to decimal coinage - in certain


circumstances the time would come when this would


suit their convenience - rather than to change their


system of recording temperatures .


In any case , fahrenheit need not lose heart .


Once before , and that not so long ago , the


authorities ganged up to alter the habits


of the people . That effort was to enforce


the adoption of the twenty-four hour


clock . Then , also , the B.B.C. were


roped in . The only result was


that the well-meaning corporation


became very unpopular .


A BAFFLED and bewildered little country


stands at the centre of an international


storm . Belgium is accused - without a


scrap of evidence - of being implicated in


the murder of Patrice Lumumba . Her


leaders are insulted , her embassies are


attacked in a score of countries .


In Ghana , President Nkrumah , who


has done more than most to stir up


trouble in the Congo , orders every Belgian


citizen to quit his country . HOUNDING


Belgium has become an international


pastime . Why ? Because those who


said the Congolese could govern themselves


will not admit they were wrong . So


Belgium , bowed down by internal


troubles , mourning a terrible air crash ,


is made their scapegoat .


Who will speak for Belgium ? Who else but


Britain . We have fought beside Belgium


in two world wars . We are allies still .


Britain should champion Belgium . Not


with the careful , hooded language of diplomacy ,


but boldly and fearlessly . It is time to


show the world that this country does not


desert her friends . HAPPY , happy


families ! Never before have Britain's


larders been so well stocked .


Supplies of meat and dairy produce were


substantially higher last year than in 1959 .


Lucky , lucky housewives ! To have such a


splendid variety of goods to choose from .


Not so long ago older folk were reminding


young wives , # harassed by


shortages , of the good old days of


abundance . Now it is mother who


picks up recipes from # her daughter .


The dinner table is the best answer to the grumblers in


Britain today ! " THIS is colour day , " proclaimed the American


television network , N.B.C. And hour after hour it poured out its


programmes in bright colours . In America colour TV is five years


old . There are already 600,000 sets in use . What about Britain ?


The B.B.C. is ready to launch a colour TV service , but the


commercial TV contractors want to delay it for 10 years .


The Government should settle this argument with two words to


the B.B.C. : - Go ahead ! ONE man beyond all others is saddened


by the deaths of two elderly sisters who killed themselves because


they had to leave their cottage . Mr. John Crabb , clerk to


Newmarket urban council , says : " I shall always feel this as a


personal failure . "


There is no reason whatsoever why he should reproach himself . The


sisters had to quit as their home was falling down . And Mr. Crabb


did his best for them , even driving them to a new house . John


Crabb has the qualities of sympathy and understanding . Too


often lacking in officialdom . MR. HENRY NEWTON of Acton


does not want his daughter to marry a Scotsman .


He says that the Scots are foreigners who have no business to


be in England . The first ruler of the United Kingdom was a


Scot . The Lord Chancellor is a Scot . The Prime Minister is a


Scot - and so were four of his predecessors this # century .


Let Mr. Newton beware . By protesting against Scotland he


may be guilty of rebellion !


ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS puts the Commonwealth on trial .


His ex-Eoka Government decides that Cyprus will join it for


five years . During this period Britain will be expected


to subsidise and defend the Cypriots . They will enjoy


all the trading benefits of Imperial Preference . It is a


safe bet that at the end of five years Makarios and


company will sign on again .


It is equally certain that the British Government


will welcome them . How splendid it would be if , just


for once , the Government were to voice the real feelings of


the British people . And tell Makarios they are not


prepared to accept him on such terms . GOOD cheer


for the week-end . Ford Motors are to put 13,000


men back on a five-day week .