<prompt> Hlalosa hore na ketso ea PCR ke efe.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain what a PCR reaction is. . Response in English: PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. This method is used in various applications, including DNA cloning, gene expression analysis, and the diagnosis of infectious diseases.The PCR reaction is carried out in a thermal cycler, which heats and cools the reaction mixture in cycles, and involves the following steps:1. Denaturation: The reaction mixture is heated to a high temperature 95C to separate the double-stranded DNA into single strands.2. Annealing: The temperature is lowered 50-60C, allowing the primers, which are short pieces of DNA, to bind to the single-stranded DNA at specific locations, known as the target sequence.3. Extension: The temperature is raised again 72C, and a DNA polymerase enzyme adds nucleotides to the ends of the primers, extending the new DNA strands.4. Repeat: The thermal cycler repeats these steps for multiple cycles usually 20-40, with each cycle doubling the number of DNA copies.The result of the PCR reaction is an exponential increase in the number of copies of the target DNA sequence. This allows researchers to obtain large amounts of DNA from a tiny sample, which can then be further analyzed or used in downstream applications. . Response in Sesotho: PCR, kapa Polymerase Chain Reaction, ke mokhoa oa laboratori o sebelisoang ho etsa likopi tse ngata tsa karolo e itseng ea DNA. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa litsebetsong tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le DNA cloning, tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, le tlhahlobo ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang. PCR reaction e etsoa ka sebaesekele se futhumatsang, se futhumatsang le ho pholisa motsoako oa karabelo ka lipotoloho, me se kenyelletsa mehato e latelang: 1. Denaturation: Motsoako oa karabelo o futhumatsoa ho mocheso o phahameng 95 C ho arola habeli- DNA e arotsoe ka likhoele tse le ngoe. 2. Annealing: Thempereichara e theoleloa 50-60 C, e lumellang li-primers, e leng likotoana tse khutšoanyane tsa DNA, hore li tlamahane le DNA ea mohatla o le mong libakeng tse itseng, tse tsejoang e le tatellano ea sepheo. 3. Katoloso: Thempereichara ea phahama hape 72C, me enzyme ea DNA polymerase e eketsa li-nucleotide lipheletsong tsa li-primers, e atolosa likhoele tse ncha tsa DNA. 4. Pheta-pheta: Sebaesekele se futhumatsang se pheta mehato ena bakeng sa lipotoloho tse ngata hangata 20-40, me potoloho ka ngoe e imena habeli palo ea likopi tsa DNA. Sephetho sa karabelo ea PCR ke keketseho e kholo ea palo ea likopi tsa tatelano ea DNA e reriloeng. Sena se lumella bafuputsi ho fumana palo e kholo ea DNA ho tsoa sampoleng e nyane, e ka hlahlojoang hape kapa ea sebelisoa litsebetsong tse tlase. 