<prompt> Hlalosa likarolo tsa motheo tsa polokelo ea litaba tsa likamano.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain the basic components of a relational database. . Response in English: A relational database is a type of structured database in which data is organized and stored in tables made up of rows and columns. These tables are often organized in such a way as to minimize data redundancy and duplication. The basic components of a relational database include:1. Tables: A table is the essential component of a relational database that holds and stores data. Each table consists of rows and columns that represent a set of related data values. Each row, also known as a record, represents a single entity or data item, while columns, also known as fields or attributes, represent the characteristics or properties of the entity.2. Keys: Keys are used to uniquely identify each record within a table and establish relationships between tables. A primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. A foreign key, on the other hand, is a column or set of columns in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. This creates a link between the two tables and allows for the creation of relationships between them.3. Relationships: Relationships are the connections between different tables in a relational database. These relationships are established using primary and foreign keys, and they allow data to be organized in a way that minimizes redundancy and ensures data consistency. There are several types of relationships, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, each of which is used to model a different type of relationship between tables.4. Query language: A query language is used to interact with the database and retrieve, manipulate, and update data. The most commonly used query language for relational databases is SQL Structured Query Language, which uses a set of commands to perform a wide range of operations on the data stored in the database.5. Database management system DBMS: A relational database is created and managed using a database management system DBMS, which is software that acts as an interface between the database and the users or applications that access it. The DBMS provides a range of tools and features, including data storage, data retrieval, data manipulation, and data security, to ensure the efficient and effective management of the database. . Response in Sesotho: Relational database ke mofuta oa database o hlophisitsoeng oo data e hlophisitsoeng le ho bolokoa ka litafole tse entsoeng ka mela le likholomo. Hangata litafole tsena li hlophisitsoe ka tsela ea ho fokotsa khaello ea data le ho pheta-pheta. Dikarolo tsa motheo tsa polokelongtshedimosetso ya kamano di kenyeletsa: 1. Ditafole: Tafole ke karolo ya bohlokwa ya polokelongtshedimosetso ya kamano e bolokang le ho boloka data. Tafole ka ngoe e na le mela le likholomo tse emelang sehlopha sa boleng ba data bo amanang. Mola o mong le o mong, oo hape o tsejoang e le rekoto, o emela ntho e le ngoe kapa ntho ea data, athe likholomo, tse tsejoang hape e le likarolo kapa litšobotsi, li emela litšobotsi kapa thepa ea setheo. 2. Linotlolo: Linotlolo li sebelisetsoa ho khetholla rekoto ka ngoe ka hara tafole le ho theha likamano lipakeng tsa litafole. Senotlolo sa mantlha ke kholomo kapa sehlopha sa likholomo tse khethollang ka ho khetheha mola o mong le o mong tafoleng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, senotlolo sa kantle ho naha ke kholomo kapa sete ea litšiea tafoleng e le ngoe e buang ka senotlolo sa mantlha sa tafole e ngoe. Sena se theha khokahano lipakeng tsa litafole tse peli mme se lumella ho theha likamano lipakeng tsa tsona. 3. Likamano: Likamano ke likhokahano lipakeng tsa litafole tse fapaneng polokelong ea litaba tsa likamano. Likamano tsena li thehiloe ho sebelisoa linotlolo tsa mantlha le tsa kantle ho naha, me li lumella data hore e hlophisoe ka tsela e fokotsang ho fokotseha le ho netefatsa hore data e tsitsitse. Ho na le mefuta e maloa ea likamano, ho kenyelletsa le motho a le mong ho ea ho a le mong, a le mong ho ea ho a mangata, le a mangata ho isa ho a mangata, e ngoe le e ngoe e sebelisetsoa ho etsa mohlala oa mofuta o fapaneng oa likamano pakeng tsa litafole. 4. Puo ea lipotso: Puo ea lipotso e sebelisoa ho sebelisana le database le ho fumana, ho laola, le ho ntlafatsa lintlha. Puo ea lipotso e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa databases tsa likamano ke SQL Structured Query Language, e sebelisang sehlopha sa litaelo ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata e mengata ho data e bolokiloeng polokelong ea boitsebiso. 5. Lenaneo la tsamaiso ea polokelo ea boitsebiso DBMS: Letlapa la kamano le thehiloe le ho laoloa ka mokhoa oa tsamaiso ea polokelo ea boitsebiso DBMS, e leng software e sebetsang e le sehokelo pakeng tsa database le basebelisi kapa litsebetso tse e fihlelang. DBMS e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa le likarolo, ho kenyelletsa le polokelo ea data, ho khutlisa data, ho qhekella ha data, le tsireletso ea data, ho netefatsa tsamaiso e nepahetseng le e sebetsang ea database. 