<prompt> Hlalosa khopolo ea lintho tse ka ntle tse mpenan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain the concept of negative externalities . Response in English: A negative externality is a cost incurred by someone who is not directly involved in the production or consumption of a good or service. Negative externalities occur when the action of one party imposes a cost on another party, that is not reflected in market prices. This leads to a market failure, as the market does not account for the full costs of production and consumption, and thus, the quantity of the good produced and consumed are higher than what is socially optimal.For example, lets say a factory produces a product that releases pollution into the air. The cost of this pollution, such as the impact on human health, is not borne by either the producer or consumer of the product, but instead it is borne by members of the community who are not directly involved in the transaction. As a result, the producer does not consider the full cost of production, and may produce more than they would if they had to pay for the pollution they were creating. This results in too much of the product being produced, and too much pollution being released into the environment.The solution to negative externalities involves finding ways to make the parties responsible for the externality, internalize the cost. This could be done through regulations, taxes or subsidies, so that the parties involved in the production and consumption of the good or service bear the full cost of their actions, and the market can function more efficiently. . Response in Sesotho: Botho bo bobe ke litšenyehelo tse bakoang ke motho ea sa ameheng ka ho toba tlhahiso kapa tšebeliso ea thepa kapa tšebeletso. Lintho tse mpe tsa kantle li etsahala ha ketso ea mokha o mong e lefisa mokha o mong, e sa bonahaleng litheko tsa maraka. Sena se lebisa ho hloleheng ha maraka, kaha maraka ha o ikarabelle bakeng sa litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa tlhahiso le tšebeliso, me ka hona, bongata ba lintho tse ntle tse hlahisoang le tse jeoang li phahame ho feta tse nepahetseng sechabeng. Ka mohlala, ha re re feme e hlahisa sehlahisoa se ntšang tšilafalo moeeng. Litšenyehelo tsa tšilafalo ena, joalo ka phello ea bophelo bo botle ba batho, ha li lefelloe ke moetsi kapa moreki oa sehlahisoa, empa ho e-na le hoo, li lefelloa ke litho tsa sechaba tse sa ameheng ka ho toba khoebong. Ka lebaka leo, mohlahisi ha a nahane ka litšenyehelo tse feletseng tsa tlhahiso, me a ka na a hlahisa ho feta kamoo a neng a ka hlahisa kateng haeba a ne a ka lefa bakeng sa tšilafalo eo a e entseng. Sena se fella ka hore lihlahisoa tse ngata li hlahisoe, me tšilafalo e ngata e lokolloe tikolohong. Tharollo ea lintho tse mpe tsa kantle e kenyelletsa ho fumana mekhoa ea ho etsa hore mekha e ikarabellang bakeng sa kantle, e kenye litšenyehelo. Sena se ka etsoa ka melaoana, makhetho kapa lithuso, e le hore mekha e amehang tlhahisong le tšebelisong ea thepa kapa tšebeletso e jare litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa liketso tsa bona, le hore maraka o sebetse ka katleho. 