<prompt> Hlalosa hore na ho faola lifate ho sebetsa joang.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain how tree pruning works. . Response in English: Tree pruning is a technique used to improve the accuracy of decision trees and decrease their complexity. It involves removing parts of the tree that are thought to be overfitting the data, meaning sections of the tree that are performing poorly on the data it has been trained on, or any parts that add little to the overall predictions of the tree.The basic idea behind tree pruning is that some branches of a decision tree might be based on patterns in the training data that do not hold up in more general data. By removing these branches, the tree can be made more accurate and can reduce the risk of overfitting.There are two main approaches to tree pruning: pre-pruning and post-pruning. In pre-pruning, the tree is stopped from growing once it reaches a certain depth or once the number of data points in a leaf node drops below a certain threshold. Post-pruning, on the other hand, involves constructing the full tree and then selectively removing branches.In post-pruning, subtree replacement is one of the commonly used methods, where a complex subtree is replaced by a leaf node. A common way to determine whether to prune a subtree is by using a statistical test that compares the expected error of a subtree with the expected error of a leaf node. If the leaf node has lower expected error, then the subtree should be pruned. This process is repeated for all subtrees in a bottom-up manner until no further pruning is possible.Tree pruning can significantly improve the accuracy and interpretability of a decision tree, resulting in better predictions and a more straightforward and intuitive decision-making process. . Response in Sesotho: Ho faola lifate ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha lifate tsa liqeto le ho fokotsa ho rarahana ha tsona. E kenyelletsa ho tlosa likarolo tsa sefate seo ho nahanoang hore se fetelletsa litaba, ho bolelang likarolo tsa sefate tse sa sebetseng hantle ho data eo e koetlisitsoeng ka eona, kapa likarolo leha e le life tse eketsang hanyenyane ho bolela esale pele ka kakaretso ea sefate. Mohopolo oa motheo oa ho faola lifate ke hore makala a mang a sefate sa liqeto a ka na a ipapisa le mekhoa ea boitsebiso ba koetliso e sa tšoarellang boitsebisong bo bongata. Ka ho tlosa makala ana, sefate se ka etsoa se nepahetseng haholoanyane me se ka fokotsa kotsi ea ho feta. Ho na le mekhoa e meli e meholo ea ho faola lifate: ho faola pele le ho faola ka morao. Nakong ea ho faola pele, sefate se emisoa ho hola hang ha se fihla botebong bo itseng kapa hang ha palo ea lintlha tsa data ka node ea lekhasi e theoha ka tlase ho moeli o itseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho faola lifate ka mora ho faola limela ho kenyelletsa ho aha sefate se tletseng ebe o tlosa makala ka mokhoa o ikhethileng. Ka mora ho pruning, subtree replacement ke e ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata, moo sefate se rarahaneng se nkeloang sebaka ke node ea makhasi. Tsela e tloaelehileng ea ho fumana hore na ho faola sefate se senyenyane ke ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e bapisang phoso e lebeletsoeng ea sefate se senyenyane le phoso e lebeletsoeng ea node ea makhasi. Haeba node ea makhasi e na le phoso e tlase e lebelletsoeng, joale subtree e lokela ho pongoa. Tsebetso ena e phetoa bakeng sa li-subtrees tsohle ka mokhoa o ka tlase ho ea holimo ho fihlela ho se ho sa khonehe ho faola limela. Ho faola lifate ho ka ntlafatsa haholo ho nepahala le tlhaloso ea sefate sa liqeto, ho fella ka likhakanyo tse betere le mokhoa oa ho etsa liqeto o hlakileng le o hlakileng. 