<prompt> Hlalosa hore na tsela ea Likubu e laola boholo ba setho joang.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain how the Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size. . Response in English: The Hippo signaling pathway is a conserved network of proteins that controls the regulation of organ size and tissue growth in animals. This pathway is critical for proper development and is known to inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis programmed cell death. The pathway influences the activity of the transcriptional co-activator YAP Yes-associated protein and its paralog TAZ transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif to regulate cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis.Under normal conditions, the Hippo pathway is activated when cells reach high density or when organs reach their intended size. The pathway is regulated by a series of kinases: MST12 in mammals and Lats12 kinases. When the pathway is activated, the kinases phosphorylate YAP and TAZ, triggering their retention in the cytoplasm where they cannot interact with DNA and activate gene transcription.When the pathway is not activated, YAP and TAZ can enter the nucleus and interact with transcription factors such as TEAD TEA domain family member to promote the expression of genes that regulate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. In addition, YAP and TAZ can inhibit the expression of genes that promote cell death.Overall, the Hippo signaling pathway plays a central role in controlling organ size and tissue growth by balancing the process of cell proliferation and death. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. . Response in Sesotho: Tsela ea pontšo ea Kubu ke marang-rang a bolokehileng a liprotheine tse laolang ho laola boholo ba setho sa mele le ho hōla ha lisele tsa liphoofolo. Tsela ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ntsetsopele e nepahetseng me e tsejoa ka ho thibela ho ata ha lisele le ho khothaletsa apoptosis lefu la lisele tse hlophisitsoeng. Tsela e susumetsa mosebetsi oa transcriptional co-activator YAP Yes-associated protein le paralog ea eona TAZ transcriptional co-activator e nang le PDZ-binding motif ho laola kholo ea lisele, ho ata le apoptosis. Tlasa maemo a tloaelehileng, tsela ea Hippo e sebelisoa ha lisele li fihla ho teteaneng haholo kapa ha litho tsa mele li fihla boholo ba tsona. Tsela e laoloa ke letoto la kinase: MST12 ka liphoofolo tse anyesang le Lats12 kinases. Ha tsela e tsoaroa, kinases phosphorylate YAP le TAZ, e bakang ho bolokoa ha bona ho cytoplasm moo ba ke keng ba sebelisana le DNA le ho kenya tšebetsong mongolo oa gene. Ha tsela e sa sebetse, YAP le TAZ li ka kena khubung me tsa sebelisana le lintlha tse ngotsoeng tse kang TEAD TEA domain family member ho ntšetsa pele polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang ho ata ha lisele le ho thibela apoptosis. Ntle le moo, YAP le TAZ li ka thibela polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse khothalletsang lefu la lisele. Ka kakaretso, tsela ea pontšo ea Kubu e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola boholo ba setho le kholo ea lisele ka ho leka-lekanya mokhoa oa ho ata ha lisele le lefu. Ho senyeha ha tsela ena ho nile ha ameha mafu a sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le kankere. 