<prompt> Hlalosa nalane le tsebeliso ea hajoale ea boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutsonan  <response>: Instruction in English: Describe the history and current application of genetic engineering . Response in English: Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology techniques to alter its DNA. It involves the introduction of new DNA or modification of existing DNA within an organism to produce desired traits or characteristics.The history of genetic engineering can be traced back to the early experiments on genetics and heredity conducted by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. However, it wasnt until the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick that the field truly began to develop.In the early 1970s, a new technique known as recombinant DNA technology was developed, allowing scientists to cut and paste DNA from different organisms. This breakthrough led to the creation of the first genetically modified organism GMO in 1973 a bacterium that contained DNA from another species.Since then, genetic engineering has advanced rapidly, with new techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 making it easier and more precise to edit an organisms genome. These advances have led to an explosion in the number of GMOs, including crops, animals, and even humans.Genetic engineering is now widely used in agriculture to develop crops that are resistant to pests, herbicides, and harsh environmental conditions. This has helped to increase crop yields and reduce the use of harmful chemicals.In medicine, genetic engineering is used to produce insulin, human growth hormone, and other vital medications. It also has the potential to cure genetic disorders through gene therapy.In industry, genetically modified bacteria and other organisms are used to produce biofuels, bioplastics, and other sustainable materials.Despite its many benefits, genetic engineering remains a controversial topic, with concerns about its safety, ethical implications, and impact on the environment. As the field continues to develop, it will be important to address these issues and ensure that its applications are beneficial to society. . Response in Sesotho: Boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ke ho qhekella ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ntho e phelang ho sebelisa mekhoa ea biotechnology ho fetola DNA ea eona. E akarelletsa ho hlahisoa ha DNA e ncha kapa ho fetoloa ha DNA e teng ka hara ntho e phelang ho hlahisa litšobotsi kapa litšobotsi tse lakatsehang. Nalane ea boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka saloa morao ho tloha litekong tsa pele tsa lefutso le lefutso tse entsoeng ke Gregor Mendel bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Leha ho le joalo, e bile feela ho fihlela ho sibolloa ha sebōpeho sa DNA ka 1953 ke James Watson le Francis Crick moo tšimo e ileng ea qala ho ntlafala. Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qaptjoa mokhoa o mocha o tsejoang e le thekenoloji ea recombinant DNA, e lumellang bo-rasaense ho khaola le ho beha DNA ho tsoa linthong tse fapaneng. Katleho ena e ile ea lebisa ho thehoeng ha sebōpuoa sa pele se fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso GMO ka 1973 - baktheria e neng e na le DNA ho tsoa ho mofuta o mong. Ho tloha ka nako eo, boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo tsoetse pele ka potlako, ka mekhoa e mecha e kang CRISPR-Cas9 e etsang hore ho be bonolo le ho nepahala haholoanyane ho hlophisa genome ea ntho e phelang. Tsoelopele ena e lebisitse ho phatloheng ha palo ea li-GMO, ho kenyeletsoa lijalo, liphoofolo, esita le batho. Hona joale boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo sebelisoa haholo temong ho hlahisa lijalo tse hanyetsanang le likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo, chefo le maemo a thata a tikoloho. Sena se thusitse ho eketsa chai ea lijalo le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea likhemikhale tse kotsi. Meriana, boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo sebelisoa ho hlahisa insulin, hormone ea ho hōla ha motho, le meriana e meng ea bohlokoa. E boetse e na le monyetla oa ho phekola mathata a lefutso ka phekolo ea lefutso. Indastering, libaktheria tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso le lintho tse ling li sebelisoa ho hlahisa biofuel, bioplastics le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tšoarellang. Leha ho na le melemo e mengata, boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e ntse e le taba eo ho phehisanoang khang ka eona, ka matšoenyeho mabapi le polokeho ea bona, litlamorao tsa boitšoaro le phello tikolohong. Ha tšimo e ntse e tsoela pele, ho tla ba bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata ana le ho netefatsa hore tsebeliso ea eona e molemo sechabeng. 