<prompt> Thathamisa melao-motheo ea calculusnan  <response>: Instruction in English: List the fundamental principles of calculus . Response in English: Calculus is a branch of mathematics used to study rates of change, geometric objects, and many other topics. It is generally divided into two main parts: differential calculus and integral calculus. Here are some fundamental principles of calculus:1. Limits: This principle studies the behavior of a function as it approaches an input value. The limit is the expected or predicted value of a function at a particular point even if the function does not take on this value. 2. Derivatives: This principle deals with the measurement of how a function changes at a given point, known as the rate of change. It helps to determine the instantaneous rate of change or slope of the tangent line to the curve at any given point.3. Integration: This principle is the inverse operation of differentiation; it is used to calculate the accumulation of change of a function over an interval. It can be used to calculate areas, volumes, and other quantities related to accumulation.4. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: It is a theorem that links differentiation and integration. It states that differentiation and integration are inverse operations. This Theorem is typically broken down into two parts. The first part states that the indefinite integral of a function can be reversed by differentiation while the second part uses definite integrals to compute the difference between the antiderivative at the upper and lower limits of the integral.5. Continuity: This principle deals with the behavior of a function and its graph. A function is considered continuous if its graph has no breaks or holes, and it can be sketched without lifting a pencil. These are some of the fundamental principles of calculus, although there are many more concepts, techniques, and applications within the subject. . Response in Sesotho: Calculus ke lekala la lipalo le sebelisetsoang ho ithuta litekanyetso tsa phetoho, lintho tsa geometri le lihlooho tse ling tse ngata. Ka kakaretso e arotsoe likarolo tse peli tse kholo: calculus e fapaneng le integral calculus. Mona ke tse ling tsa melao-motheo ea lipalo: 1. Meeli: Molao-motheo ona o lekola boitšoaro ba tšebetso ha e ntse e atamela boleng ba ho kenya. Moeli ke boleng bo lebelletsoeng kapa bo boletsoeng esale pele ba tšebetso sebakeng se itseng le haeba tšebetso e sa nke boleng bona. 2. Derivatives: Molao-motheo ona o sebetsana le tekanyo ea hore na mosebetsi o fetoha joang sebakeng se itseng, se tsejoang e le sekhahla sa phetoho. E thusa ho fumana lebelo la hang-hang la phetoho kapa moepa oa mothapo o moketjaneng ho ea mokolokong sebakeng sefe kapa sefe. 3. Ho kopanya: Molao-motheo ona ke tsebetso e fapaneng ea phapang; e sebelisoa ho bala pokello ea phetoho ea tšebetso ka nako e itseng. E ka sebelisoa ho bala libaka, meqolo, le bongata bo bong bo amanang le ho bokella. 4. Motheo oa Khopolo ea Calculus: Ke khopolo-taba e hokahanyang phapang le kopanyo. E bolela hore phapang le ho kopanya ke tsebetso e fapaneng. Theorem ena hangata e arotsoe likarolo tse peli. Karolo ea pele e bolela hore karolo e sa lekanyetsoang ea tsebetso e ka fetoloa ka phapang ha karolo ea bobeli e sebelisa likarolo tse hlakileng ho bala phapang lipakeng tsa antiderivative moeling o ka holimo le o tlase oa motsoako. 5. Tsoelopele: Molao-motheo ona o sebetsana le boitšoaro ba tšebetso le kerafo ea eona. Mosebetsi o nkoa o tsoela pele haeba kerafo ea eona e se na likheo kapa masoba, me e ka etsoa ntle le ho phahamisa pentšele. Tsena ke tse ling tsa melao-motheo ea calculus, leha ho na le mehopolo, mekhoa le litsebetso tse ling tse ngata kahare ho thuto. 