<prompt> Ngola likhopolo tse tharo tsa kelello mabapi le ho etsa liqetonan  <response>: Instruction in English: List three psychological theories on decision-making . Response in English: 1 Cognitive Dissonance Theory - This theory, developed by Leon Festinger, proposes that when people encounter information or behavior that contradicts their beliefs, attitudes, or values, they experience psychological discomfort or dissonance. In order to reduce this discomfort, individuals may change their beliefs, attitudes or behaviors, or rationalize them in a way that aligns with their actions or decisions.2 Prospect Theory - This theory, developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, proposes that people make decisions based on the potential gains and losses relative to their current state or reference point, rather than the final outcome itself. Additionally, it suggests that people value gains and losses differently, and are more likely to take risks to avoid losses than to achieve gains.3 Heuristics and Biases Theory - This theory suggests that individuals often use mental shortcuts, or heuristics, to make decisions, particularly when dealing with complex information or under time pressure. While these shortcuts can be helpful in some situations, they can also lead to biases and errors in decision-making. Common heuristics include the availability heuristic, where people judge the likelihood of events based on how easily they can think of examples, and the anchoring heuristic, where people rely too heavily on the first piece of information they encounter when making a decision. . Response in Sesotho: 1 Khopolo-taba ea Cognitive Dissonance - Khopolo ena, e hlahisitsoeng ke Leon Festinger, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ha batho ba kopana le boitsebiso kapa boitšoaro bo hananang le litumelo tsa bona, maikutlo a bona, kapa litekanyetso tsa bona, ba ba le bothata ba kelello kapa ba sa utloane. E le ho fokotsa ho se thabise hona, batho ka bomong ba ka fetola litumelo tsa bona, maikutlo kapa boitšoaro, kapa ba li beha mabaka ka tsela e lumellanang le liketso kapa liqeto tsa bona. 2 Khopolo-taba ea Prospect - Khopolo ena, e hlahisitsoeng ke Daniel Kahneman le Amos Tversky, e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba etse liqeto ba itšetlehile ka melemo le tahlehelo e ka bang teng ho latela boemo ba bona ba hona joale kapa ntlha ea boitsebiso, ho e-na le sephetho sa ho qetela ka boeona. Ho phaella moo, e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba ananela melemo le tahlehelo ka tsela e fapaneng, me ba ka ipeha kotsing ea ho qoba tahlehelo ho feta ho fumana melemo. 3 Theory ea Heuristics and Biases Theory - Khopolo ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba atisa ho sebelisa mekhoa e khutšoanyane ea kelello, kapa heuristics, ho etsa liqeto, haholo-holo ha ba sebetsana le boitsebiso bo rarahaneng kapa tlasa khatello ea nako. Le hoja likhutšoane tsena li ka thusa maemong a mang, li ka baka leeme le liphoso ha ho etsoa liqeto. Li-heuristics tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa ho fumaneha ha li-heuristic, moo batho ba ahlolang monyetla oa liketsahalo ho latela kamoo ba ka nahanang ka mehlala habonolo, le anchoring heuristic, moo batho ba itšetlehileng haholo ka boitsebiso ba pele boo ba kopanang le bona ha ba etsa qeto. 