<prompt> Hlalosa mokhoa oo lehalima le thehoang ka oona.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Describe the process by which lightning is formed. . Response in English: Lightning is an electrical discharge that occurs within clouds, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. It is formed as a result of the buildup and discharge of static electricity within a cloud. The process begins with the formation of thunderstorm clouds, which are created by the rising and cooling of warm, moisture-laden air. Inside the thunderstorm cloud, there are strong updrafts and downdrafts that cause the water droplets, ice particles, and graupel soft hail to move around vigorously. These collisions create an electric charge separation within the cloud, with negatively charged particles accumulating at the lower part of the cloud and positively charged particles at the top. When the charge separation becomes large enough, it creates a high voltage that ionizes the air, creating a pathway for the electrons to move. A stepped leader is formed, which is an invisible channel of ionized air that moves from the cloud towards the ground. As it approaches the ground, it attracts positive streamers, which are channels of ionized air that reach up towards the stepped leader. When the stepped leader and streamer meet, they create a pathway for the negatively charged electrons to flow towards the ground. This flow of electricity creates the bright flash of lightning that we see. Almost immediately after the lightning strikes, the air expands rapidly due to the heating, creating a shockwave that we hear as thunder. . Response in Sesotho: Lehalima ke ho tsoa ha motlakase ho hlahang ka hara maru, pakeng tsa maru, kapa pakeng tsa leru le fatše. E thehoa ka lebaka la ho haha le ho ntša motlakase o tsitsitseng ka hara leru. Mokhoa ona o qala ka ho thehoa ha maru a lialuma, a hlahisoang ke ho phahama le ho bata ha moea o futhumetseng, o tletseng mongobo. Ka hara leru la sealuma, ho na le ho phahama ho matla le ho theoha ho etsang hore marotholi a metsi, likaroloana tsa leqhoa le graupel sefako se bonolo li tsamaee ka matla. Likhohlano tsena li etsa hore ho be le karohano ea litefello tsa motlakase ka hara leru, me ho na le likaroloana tse qosoang hampe tse bokellanang karolong e ka tlaase ea leru le likaroloana tse nang le cheji e ntle holimo. Ha karohano ea tefiso e e-ba kholo ka ho lekaneng, e etsa hore ho be le matla a phahameng a ionizes moea, ho theha tsela ea hore lielektrone li tsamaee. Ho thehoa moetapele ea hatang, e leng mocha o sa bonahaleng oa moea o nang le ionized o tlohang marung ho ea fatše. Ha e ntse e atamela fatše, e hohela li-streamer tse ntle, e leng litsela tsa moea oa ionized tse fihlang holimo ho moetapele ea hatang. Ha moeta-pele ea hataneng le sephalli ba kopana, ba theha tsela ea hore lielektrone tse qosoang hampe li phalle fatše. Phallo ena ea motlakase e hlahisa khanya e khanyang ea lehalima eo re e bonang. Hoo e ka bang hang ka mora hore lehalima le otle, moea o atoloha ka potlako ka lebaka la ho futhumala, e leng ho bakang leqhubu le tšosang leo re le utloang e le sealuma. 