<prompt> Fana ka tlhaloso ea saense ea refraction.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Give a scientific explanation of refraction. . Response in English: Refraction is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the bending of light as it passes through an interface between two different media. This occurs because the speed of light changes as it moves from one medium to another. When light travels from a less dense medium, such as air, into a denser medium, like water or glass, its speed decreases, causing the light wave to bend or refract. This can be described using the principles of wave theory and Snells Law, which defines the relationship between the angle of incidence, or incoming angle of the light wave, and the angle of refraction or the angle at which the light wave exits the other medium.The bending of light also has to do with the index of refraction of the two medias. This is a measure of how much the speed of light decreases when it passes through a material. The higher the index of refraction, the slower the speed of light will travel through that medium, and the greater the bending that will occur. This is why lenses, which are made of high index glass, are able to bend light to form an image.In general, any time that light travels from one medium to another, it will refract. This occurs in nature as well as in man-made objects such as lenses and prisms. Applications of refraction include optical lenses, which are used in glasses, cameras, and microscopes, as well as fiber optic cables, which use total internal refraction to carry light signals over long distances. . Response in Sesotho: Refraction ke mohopolo oa mantlha ho fisiks o hlalosang ho kobeha ha leseli ha le feta hara sehokelo lipakeng tsa mecha e meli e fapaneng. Sena se etsahala hobane lebelo la khanya lea fetoha ha le tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Ha khanya e tsamaea ho tloha sebakeng se senyenyane haholo, joalo ka moea, ho ea sebakeng se teteaneng, joalo ka metsi kapa khalase, lebelo la lona lea fokotseha, e leng ho etsang hore leqhubu la khanya le kobehe kapa le fetohe. Sena se ka hlalosoa ho sebelisoa melao-motheo ea khopolo ea maqhubu le Molao oa Snell, e hlalosang kamano pakeng tsa angle of incidence, kapa angle e kenang ea leqhubu la khanya, le angle of refraction kapa angle eo leqhubu la leseli le tsoang ho e ngoe. Ho kobeha ha leseli ho boetse ho amana le index of refraction of the two medias. Ena ke tekanyo ea hore na lebelo la khanya le fokotseha hakae ha le feta hara thepa. Ha index ea refraction e phahame, lebelo la khanya le tla tsamaea butle ka hara mokhoa oo, me ho kobeha ho hoholo ho tla etsahala. Ke ka lebaka leo lilense, tse entsoeng ka khalase e phahameng, li khonang ho koba leseli ho etsa setšoantšo. Ka kakaretso, nako le nako ha leseli leo le tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng, le tla refrance. Sena se etsahala tlhahong hammoho le linthong tse entsoeng ke batho tse kang lilense le liprism. Lisebelisoa tsa refraction li kenyelletsa lilense tsa optical, tse sebelisoang likhalaseng, likhamera le maekorosekopo, hammoho le likhoele tsa fiber optic, tse sebelisang khanya e felletseng ka hare ho tsamaisa mabone ha li le libakeng tse telele. 