<prompt> Hlalosa ka botlalo hore na mokhoa o fanoeng o sebetsa joang.Boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain in detail how the given process works. . Response in English: Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation of DNA in order to alter the characteristics of an organism. It involves the use of recombinant DNA the joining of DNA from different organisms in a test tube and the application of genetic analysis techniques to isolate and manipulate genes, so as to produce a new and modified organism.The process begins with the identification and isolation of a desirable gene from an organism or a gene bank, followed by amplification of the gene, using polymerase chain reaction or plasmids. Once the desired gene is isolated and amplified, it is inserted into the target organism through the use of a vector, such as bacteria or viruses, which are capable of transferring genetic material into the host organism.The insertion of the gene can also be achieved through the use of microinjection or electroporation, where the gene is directly injected into the nucleus of the target cell or the cell is subjected to electric pulses to introduce the genetic material. Once the gene has been inserted, it must be incorporated into the host DNA, and this is achieved through the process of homologous recombination.Once the gene has been incorporated into the host DNA, the resulting transgenic organism is allowed to grow and develop, expressing the newly inserted gene. The modified organism may exhibit new traits or characteristics that are due to the influence of the introduced gene.Genetic engineering has numerous applications, including agriculture, where genes from other organisms are inserted into crops to improve their yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and tolerance to environmental stress. In medicine, genetic engineering is used to develop new treatments for diseases, such as gene therapy, and to produce vaccines, hormones, and other important therapeutic proteins. In industry, genetically engineered organisms are used to produce biofuels, chemicals, and other materials.Overall, genetic engineering allows scientists to make changes to the genetic structure of an organism, introducing new traits or characteristics that can have important benefits in fields such as agriculture, medicine and industry. . Response in Sesotho: Boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo bolela ho fetola DNA ka ho toba e le ho fetola litšobotsi tsa ntho e phelang. E kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea recombinant DNA ho kopanngoa ha DNA ho tsoa linthong tse fapaneng ka hara tube ea teko le tšebeliso ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho arola le ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso, e le ho hlahisa ntho e ncha le e fetotsoeng. Tsebetso e qala ka ho tsebahatsa le ho aroloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lakatsehang ho sebōpuoa kapa banka ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho lateloa ke ho holisa gene, ho sebelisoa polymerase chain reaction kapa plasmids. Hang ha lefutso le lakatsehang le arotsoe le ho holisoa, le kenngoa ka hara ntho e lebeletsoeng ka ho sebelisa vector, joalo ka baktheria kapa livaerase, tse khonang ho fetisetsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho se phelang. Ho kenngoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka boela ha finyelloa ka tšebeliso ea microinjection kapa electroporation, moo gene e kenngoa ka ho toba ka hara khubu ea sele e lebisitsoeng kapa sele e kenngoa ka matla a motlakase ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa lefutso. Hang ha gene e kentsoe, e tlameha ho kenyelletsoa ho DNA e amohelang, me sena se finyelloa ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya homologous. Hang ha phatsa ea lefutso e kenyelelitsoe ho DNA e amohelang, sebōpuoa se hlahisoang ke transgenic se lumelloa ho hola le ho hola, se hlahisa mofuta o mocha o kentsoeng. Sebōpuoa se fetotsoeng se ka na sa bontša litšobotsi kapa litšobotsi tse ncha tse bakoang ke tšusumetso ea lefutso le hlahisitsoeng. Boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo na le litsebetso tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa temo, moo liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tsoang linthong tse ling li kenngoa lijalong ho ntlafatsa chai ea tsona, ho hanyetsa likokoanyana le mafu, le ho mamella khatello ea tikoloho. Ho tsa bongaka, boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo sebelisoa ho etsa liphekolo tse ncha tsa mafu, joalo ka kalafo ea lefutso, le ho hlahisa liente, lihormone le liprotheine tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa kalafo. Indastering, lintho tse phelang tse entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso li sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa mafura a limela, likhemikhale le lisebelisoa tse ling. Ka kakaretso, boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo lumella bo-rasaense ho etsa liphetoho sebopehong sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sebōpuoa, ho hlahisa litšobotsi tse ncha kapa litšobotsi tse ka bang le melemo ea bohlokoa mafapheng a kang a temo, meriana le indasteri. 