<prompt> Melao-motheo e mehlano ea Stratified sampling ke efe, hona e sebetsa joang?nan  <response>: Instruction in English: What are the five fundamental principles of Stratified sampling, and how do they work? . Response in English: Stratified sampling is a probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups or strata, and then taking a random sample from each stratum. This technique is used to achieve greater precision in the estimation of the population parameters. The five fundamental principles of stratified sampling are:1. Division of the population: The first step in stratified sampling involves dividing the entire population into smaller, homogenous subgroups or strata based on some common characteristic or attribute. These characteristics can be anything, like age, gender or income and should be relevant to the research question.2. Random sampling: Once the population has been divided into smaller strata, a simple random sample is taken from each of these subgroups. This means that every member of each stratum has an equal chance of being selected in the sample.3. Proportionate allocation: The size of the sample taken from each stratum should be proportionate to the size of the stratum in the population. For instance, if one stratum accounts for 30 of the entire population, then the sample from that stratum should also account for 30 of the entire sample size.4. Independence of strata: The strata in a stratified sample should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive. This means that every population element should belong to one and only one stratum, and that all population elements should be included in one of the strata.5. Data analysis: Once the data has been collected, it can be analyzed by computing statistics for each stratum and then combining these results to obtain the overall population estimates. The precision of these estimates can be improved by using appropriate weights to account for the disproportionate size of each stratum in the population. Overall, the goal of stratified sampling is to ensure that the sample is representative of the population, by accounting for the variation in the population and reducing sampling error. . Response in Sesotho: Stratified sampling ke mokhoa oa ho etsa sampole o kenyelletsang ho arola batho ka lihlopha tse nyane kapa strata, ebe ho nka sampole e sa reroang ho tsoa letotong le leng le le leng. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa ho finyella ho nepahala ho hoholo ha ho hakanngoa litekanyo tsa palo ea baahi. Melawana e mehlano ya motheo ya disampole tsa stratified ke: 1. Karohano ya palo ya batho: Mohato wa pele wa sampole ya stratified o kenyelletsa ho arola batho bohle ka dihlotshwana tse nyane, tse sa tshwaneng kapa strata ho ipapisitse le sebopeho se itseng se tlwaelehileng. Litšobotsi tsena e ka ba eng kapa eng, joalo ka lilemo, bong kapa chelete e kenang, me li lokela ho amana le potso ea lipatlisiso. 2. Mehlala e sa reroang: Hang ha palo ea batho e arotsoe ka lihlopha tse nyane, ho nkuoa sampole e bonolo ho tsoa ho se seng le se seng sa lihlopha tsena. Sena se bolela hore setho se seng le se seng sa stratum se seng le se seng se na le monyetla o lekanang oa ho khethoa sampoleng. 3. Kabo e leka-lekaneng: Boholo ba sampole e nkuoeng ho tsoa mokolokong o mong le o mong bo lokela ho lekana le boholo ba stratum sechabeng. Ka mohlala, haeba stratum e le ngoe e etsa karolo ea 30 lekholong ea baahi bohle, joale sampuli ea stratum eo le eona e lokela ho ikarabella bakeng sa 30 ea boholo bohle ba sampole. 4. Boikemelo ba strata: Lethathamo la sampole e nang le stratified e lokela ho ba e ikhethileng me e kopane ka botlalo. Sena se bolela hore karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea baahi e lokela ho ba karolo ea sehlopha se le seng feela, le hore likarolo tsohle tsa baahi li kenyelelitsoe ho e ngoe ea strata. 5. Tlhahlobo ea lintlha: Hang ha lintlha li se li bokelitsoe, li ka hlahlojoa ka lipalo-palo tsa khomphieutha bakeng sa stratum ka ngoe ebe li kopanya liphetho tsena ho fumana likhakanyo tsa kakaretso ea baahi. Ho nepahala ha likhakanyo tsena ho ka ntlafatsoa ka ho sebelisa boima bo loketseng ho ikarabella bakeng sa boholo bo sa leka-lekaneng ba sehlopha ka seng sechabeng. Ka kakaretso, sepheo sa stratified sampling ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore sampole e emela batho, ka ho ikarabella bakeng sa phapang ea baahi le ho fokotsa phoso ea sampole. 