<prompt> Hlalosa mohopolo oa ntlafatso ea lipotso.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Describe the concept of query optimization. . Response in English: Query optimization is the process of selecting the most efficient way to execute a database query. It is an important step in the database management process, as it helps to reduce the time and resources required to retrieve data from a database. When a user submits a query, the database management system DBMS must determine the best way to access the data that the user requested. This process involves analyzing the query and considering various factors, such as the structure of the database, the availability and location of the data, and the estimated time required to execute different query plans.The goal of query optimization is to find the best execution plan for a given query, based on various metrics such as response time, resource consumption, and IO costs. This is typically done using complex algorithms and heuristics that evaluate different query plans and choose the one that is most likely to meet the desired performance criteria.Query optimization is a complex and dynamic process, as the performance of a query can be affected by many factors, including changes to the data or the structure of the database. Thus, query optimization is an ongoing process that requires regular monitoring and tuning to ensure that queries are executed in the most efficient manner possible. . Response in Sesotho: Ntlafatso ea lipotso ke mokhoa oa ho khetha mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho fetesisa oa ho etsa potso ea database. Ke mohato oa bohlokoa tsebetsong ea tsamaiso ea polokelo ea boitsebiso, kaha e thusa ho fokotsa nako le lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang ho fumana lintlha ho tswa ho database. Ha mosebelisi a fana ka potso, sistimi ea taolo ea database DBMS e tlameha ho fumana mokhoa o motle oa ho fumana data eo mosebelisi a e kopileng. Tsebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho sekaseka potso le ho nahana ka lintlha tse fapaneng, joalo ka sebopeho sa database, boteng le sebaka sa data, le nako e lekantsoeng e hlokahalang ho phethahatsa merero e fapaneng ea lipotso. Sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa lipotso ke ho fumana moralo o motle ka ho fetisisa oa tsebetsong bakeng sa potso e fanoeng, ho itšetlehile ka metrics e fapaneng e kang nako ea karabo, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa, le litšenyehelo tsa IO. Hangata sena se etsoa ho sebelisoa li-algorithms tse rarahaneng le li-heuristics tse hlahlobang meralo e fapaneng ea lipotso ebe li khetha e nang le monyetla oa ho fihlela litekanyetso tse lakatsehang tsa tsebetso. Ntlafatso ea lipotso ke mokhoa o rarahaneng le o matla, kaha tsebetso ea potso e ka angoa ke lintlha tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le liphetoho ho data kapa sebopeho sa database. Kahoo, ho ntlafatsa lipotso ke tsebetso e tsoelang pele e hlokang hore ho behoe leihlo khafetsa le ho hlophisoa ho netefatsa hore lipotso li etsoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa. 