<prompt> Etsa tlhaloso ea saense ea hore na hobaneng ente e le bohlokoa.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Create a scientific explanation for why a vaccine is important. . Response in English: A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a specific infectious disease, by introducing a small, harmless piece of the disease, typically in the form of an inactivated or weakened virus or bacteria, or a piece of the diseases genetic material. This stimulates the immune system to produce cells called lymphocytes and antibodies that help the body to recognize and fight the disease, similar to what would happen when someone is naturally exposed to the disease. Once the immune system has recognized the disease and formed these cells and antibodies, the body is prepared to fight off any future infection by the same disease.Vaccines are important because they prevent the spread of infectious diseases within a population by conferring immunity to a significant portion of that population, thereby reducing the chain of transmission. This not only protects the vaccinated individual but also helps to protect individuals who are unable to receive certain vaccines due to age, health conditions, or other reasons, through a phenomenon known as herd immunity. When a large proportion of a population is vaccinated, the spread of the disease is reduced, and individuals who have not been vaccinated are less likely to come into contact with the disease.Vaccines have been instrumental in the eradication of several diseases, such as smallpox, which was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980, and the near-eradication of others, such as polio, which has been reduced by 99.9 since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988.In conclusion, vaccines are an important tool in preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases by conferring immunity to individuals, and through herd immunity, to a larger population, protecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, and have led to the eradication of diseases that were once common and deadly. . Response in Sesotho: Ente ke tokiso ea likokoana-hloko e fanang ka tšireletso e matla ea ho itšireletsa mafung a itseng a tšoaetsanoang, ka ho hlahisa karoloana e nyenyane ea lefu lena, hangata e le ka sebōpeho sa kokoana-hloko e sa sebetseng kapa e fokolang kapa baktheria, kapa karolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lefu lena. Sena se etsa hore tsamaiso ea mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e hlahise lisele tse bitsoang li- lymphocyte le li- antibodies tse thusang mele ho lemoha le ho loantša lefu lena, ho tšoana le se neng se tla etsahala ha motho a pepesehetse lefu lena ka tlhaho. Hang ha sesole sa mele se hlokometse lefu lena me se thehile lisele tsena le li-antibodies, mele o itokisetsa ho loantša tšoaetso leha e le efe ea nakong e tlang ke lefu le tšoanang. Meento e bohlokoa hobane e thibela ho ata ha mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka hara baahi ka ho fana ka tšireletso ho karolo e kholo ea baahi, kahoo e fokotsa ketane ea phetisetso. Sena ha se sireletse motho ea entetsoeng feela empa se boetse se thusa ho sireletsa batho ba sa khoneng ho fumana liente tse itseng ka lebaka la lilemo, maemo a bophelo, kapa mabaka a mang, ka ketsahalo e tsejoang e le ho itšireletsa ha mehlape. Ha karolo e khōlō ea baahi e entoa, ho ata ha lefu lena hoa fokotseha, me batho ba sa kang ba entoa ha ba na monyetla oa ho tšoaroa ke lefu lena. Meento e thusitse ho felisa mafu a maloa, a kang sekholopane, se ileng sa phatlalatsoa ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo bo Botle ka 1980, le ho felisoa ha a mang, a kang polio, a seng a fokotsehile ka 99.9 ho tloha ha ho thakholoa. Global Polio Eradication Initiative ka 1988. Qetellong, liente ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho thibela le ho laola ho ata ha mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka ho fana ka tšireletso ho batho ka bomong, le ka ho itšireletsa ha mehlape, ho baahi ba bangata, ho sireletsa batho ba entetsoeng le ba sa kang ba entoa, e ile ea lebisa ho felisoeng ha mafu a neng a tloaelehile a bile a bolaea. 