<prompt> Hlalosa hore na index ea Gini e baloa joang.nan  <response>: Instruction in English: Explain how the Gini index is calculated. . Response in English: The Gini index also known as the Gini coefficient or Gini ratio is a measure of inequality or concentration. It is commonly used to measure income inequality or wealth inequality between groups within a population. The Gini Index is calculated as a ratio from 0 to 1, with 0 representing perfect equality in which every value is the same and 1 representing perfect inequality in which one value has everything, and all other values have nothing.The steps to calculate the Gini Index are:1. Arrange the values in ascending order: The first step is to arrange the values in non-decreasing order. If we are measuring income inequality, then we arrange the income of all population from lowest to highest.2. Calculate the cumulative proportion of values and population: Compute the cumulative proportion of population and the cumulative proportion of income they receive, upto each income level.3. Plot the Lorenz curve: Using the cumulative proportions calculated in the previous step, plot the Lorenz curve. On the X-axis, plot the cumulative proportion of population and on the Y-axis, plot the cumulative proportion of income.4. Calculate the area under the Lorenz curve: Calculate the area between the line of perfect equality 45-degree line and the Lorenz curve. This area is commonly referred to as A.5. Compute the Gini Index: The Gini Index is calculated using the formula G A 0.5, where 0.5 is the total area under the line of perfect equality, and A is the area obtained in the previous step. Therefore, the Gini Index is the ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and the Lorenz curve, to the total area under the line of perfect equality. The higher the value of the Gini Index, the greater the level of inequality represented in the distribution, with 1 representing maximum inequality and 0 representing perfect equality. . Response in Sesotho: Lenane la Gini le tsejoang hape e le Gini coefficient kapa Gini ratio ke tekanyo ea ho se lekane kapa ho tsepamisa maikutlo. Hangata e sebelisoa ho lekanya ho se lekane ha meputso kapa ho se lekane ha maruo pakeng tsa lihlopha ka hara baahi. Gini Index e baloa e le karo-karolelano ho tloha ho 0 ho ea ho 1, me 0 e emela tekano e phethahetseng eo boleng bo bong le bo bong bo lekanang le 1 e emelang ho se lekane ho phethahetseng moo boleng bo le bong bo nang le ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, me litekanyetso tse ling kaofela ha li na letho. Mehato ea ho bala Gini Index ke: 1. Rulahanya litekanyetso ka tatellano ea ho nyoloha: Mohato oa pele ke ho hlophisa litekanyetso ka tatellano e sa theoheng. Haeba re lekanya ho se lekane ha meputso, joale re hlophisa chelete ea batho bohle ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo. 2. Bala palo e akaretsang ea litekanyetso le palo ea batho: Bala palo e akaretsang ea baahi le karolo e akaretsang ea chelete eo ba e fumanang, ho fihlela boemo bo bong le bo bong ba moputso. 3. Rala mothipa oa Lorenz: U sebelisa litekanyo tse baliloeng mohatong o fetileng, rala mokokotlo oa Lorenz. Holima X-axis, rera karolo e akaretsang ea baahi le ho Y-axis, rera karolo e akaretsang ea chelete e kenang. 4. Bala sebaka se tlasa sekhahla sa Lorenz: Bala sebaka se pakeng tsa mola oa tekano e phethahetseng 45-degree line le Lorenz curve. Sebaka sena hangata se bitsoa A. 5. Bala Gini Index: Gini Index e baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa G A 0.5, moo 0.5 e leng sebaka se feletseng tlasa moeli oa tekano e phethahetseng, me A ke sebaka. e fumanoeng mohatong o fetileng. Ka hona, Gini Index ke karo-karolelano ea sebaka se pakeng tsa moeli oa tekano e phethahetseng le mokoloko oa Lorenz, ho ea sebakeng se feletseng tlasa moeli oa tekano e phethahetseng. Ha boleng ba Gini bo phahame, boemo bo boholo ba ho se lekane bo emetsoeng kabong, me 1 e emela ho se lekane ho hoholo le 0 e emelang tekano e phethahetseng. 