static int virtqueue_num_heads(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int idx)
{
    uint16_t num_heads = vring_avail_idx(vq) - idx;

    /* Check it isn't doing very strange things with descriptor numbers. */
    if (num_heads > vq->vring.num) {
        error_report("Guest moved used index from %u to %u",
                     idx, vq->shadow_avail_idx);
        exit(1);
    }
    /* On success, callers read a descriptor at vq->last_avail_idx.
     * Make sure descriptor read does not bypass avail index read. */
    if (num_heads) {
        smp_rmb();
    }

    return num_heads;
}

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.