static int mnt_is_readonly(struct vfsmount *mnt)
{
	if (mnt->mnt_sb->s_readonly_remount)
		return 1;
	/* Order wrt setting s_flags/s_readonly_remount in do_remount() */
	smp_rmb();
	return __mnt_is_readonly(mnt);
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.