int splice_grow_spd(const struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_pipe_desc *spd)
{
	unsigned int buffers = ACCESS_ONCE(pipe->buffers);

	spd->nr_pages_max = buffers;
	if (buffers <= PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS)
		return 0;

	spd->pages = kmalloc(buffers * sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL);
	spd->partial = kmalloc(buffers * sizeof(struct partial_page), GFP_KERNEL);

	if (spd->pages && spd->partial)
		return 0;

	kfree(spd->pages);
	kfree(spd->partial);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.