mrb_obj_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, enum mrb_vtype ttype, struct RClass *cls)
{
  struct RBasic *p;
  static const RVALUE RVALUE_zero = { { { MRB_TT_FALSE } } };
  mrb_gc *gc = &mrb->gc;

  if (cls) {
    enum mrb_vtype tt;

    switch (cls->tt) {
    case MRB_TT_CLASS:
    case MRB_TT_SCLASS:
    case MRB_TT_MODULE:
    case MRB_TT_ENV:
      break;
    default:
      mrb_raise(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR, "allocation failure");
    }
    tt = MRB_INSTANCE_TT(cls);
    if (tt != MRB_TT_FALSE &&
        ttype != MRB_TT_SCLASS &&
        ttype != MRB_TT_ICLASS &&
        ttype != MRB_TT_ENV &&
        ttype != tt) {
      mrb_raisef(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR, "allocation failure of %S", mrb_obj_value(cls));
    }
  }

#ifdef MRB_GC_STRESS
  mrb_full_gc(mrb);
#endif
  if (gc->threshold < gc->live) {
    mrb_incremental_gc(mrb);
  }
  if (gc->free_heaps == NULL) {
    add_heap(mrb, gc);
  }

  p = gc->free_heaps->freelist;
  gc->free_heaps->freelist = ((struct free_obj*)p)->next;
  if (gc->free_heaps->freelist == NULL) {
    unlink_free_heap_page(gc, gc->free_heaps);
  }

  gc->live++;
  gc_protect(mrb, gc, p);
  *(RVALUE *)p = RVALUE_zero;
  p->tt = ttype;
  p->c = cls;
  paint_partial_white(gc, p);
  return p;
}

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.