int __ext4_forget(const char *where, unsigned int line, handle_t *handle,
		  int is_metadata, struct inode *inode,
		  struct buffer_head *bh, ext4_fsblk_t blocknr)
{
	int err;

	might_sleep();

	trace_ext4_forget(inode, is_metadata, blocknr);
	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "enter");

	jbd_debug(4, "forgetting bh %p: is_metadata = %d, mode %o, "
		  "data mode %x\n",
		  bh, is_metadata, inode->i_mode,
		  test_opt(inode->i_sb, DATA_FLAGS));

	/* In the no journal case, we can just do a bforget and return */
	if (!ext4_handle_valid(handle)) {
		bforget(bh);
		return 0;
	}

	/* Never use the revoke function if we are doing full data
	 * journaling: there is no need to, and a V1 superblock won't
	 * support it.  Otherwise, only skip the revoke on un-journaled
	 * data blocks. */

	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DATA_FLAGS) == EXT4_MOUNT_JOURNAL_DATA ||
	    (!is_metadata && !ext4_should_journal_data(inode))) {
		if (bh) {
			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call jbd2_journal_forget");
			err = jbd2_journal_forget(handle, bh);
			if (err)
				ext4_journal_abort_handle(where, line, __func__,
							  bh, handle, err);
			return err;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * data!=journal && (is_metadata || should_journal_data(inode))
	 */
	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "call jbd2_journal_revoke");
	err = jbd2_journal_revoke(handle, blocknr, bh);
	if (err) {
		ext4_journal_abort_handle(where, line, __func__,
					  bh, handle, err);
		__ext4_abort(inode->i_sb, where, line,
			   "error %d when attempting revoke", err);
	}
	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "exit");
	return err;
}

The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.