static int exofs_file_fsync(struct file *filp, loff_t start, loff_t end,
			    int datasync)
{
	struct inode *inode = filp->f_mapping->host;
	int ret;

	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
	ret = sync_inode_metadata(filp->f_mapping->host, 1);
	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
	return ret;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.