int pipe_to_file(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf,
		 struct splice_desc *sd)
{
	struct file *file = sd->u.file;
	struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
	unsigned int offset, this_len;
	struct page *page;
	void *fsdata;
	int ret;

	offset = sd->pos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;

	this_len = sd->len;
	if (this_len + offset > PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
		this_len = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - offset;

	ret = pagecache_write_begin(file, mapping, sd->pos, this_len,
				AOP_FLAG_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, &page, &fsdata);
	if (unlikely(ret))
		goto out;

	if (buf->page != page) {
		char *src = kmap_atomic(buf->page);
		char *dst = kmap_atomic(page);

		memcpy(dst + offset, src + buf->offset, this_len);
		flush_dcache_page(page);
		kunmap_atomic(dst);
		kunmap_atomic(src);
	}
	ret = pagecache_write_end(file, mapping, sd->pos, this_len, this_len,
				page, fsdata);
out:
	return ret;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.