brcmf_cfg80211_mgmt_tx(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct wireless_dev *wdev,
		       struct cfg80211_mgmt_tx_params *params, u64 *cookie)
{
	struct brcmf_cfg80211_info *cfg = wiphy_to_cfg(wiphy);
	struct ieee80211_channel *chan = params->chan;
	const u8 *buf = params->buf;
	size_t len = params->len;
	const struct ieee80211_mgmt *mgmt;
	struct brcmf_cfg80211_vif *vif;
	s32 err = 0;
	s32 ie_offset;
	s32 ie_len;
	struct brcmf_fil_action_frame_le *action_frame;
	struct brcmf_fil_af_params_le *af_params;
	bool ack;
	s32 chan_nr;
	u32 freq;

	brcmf_dbg(TRACE, "Enter\n");

	*cookie = 0;

	mgmt = (const struct ieee80211_mgmt *)buf;

	if (!ieee80211_is_mgmt(mgmt->frame_control)) {
		brcmf_err("Driver only allows MGMT packet type\n");
		return -EPERM;
	}

	vif = container_of(wdev, struct brcmf_cfg80211_vif, wdev);

	if (ieee80211_is_probe_resp(mgmt->frame_control)) {
		/* Right now the only reason to get a probe response */
		/* is for p2p listen response or for p2p GO from     */
		/* wpa_supplicant. Unfortunately the probe is send   */
		/* on primary ndev, while dongle wants it on the p2p */
		/* vif. Since this is only reason for a probe        */
		/* response to be sent, the vif is taken from cfg.   */
		/* If ever desired to send proberesp for non p2p     */
		/* response then data should be checked for          */
		/* "DIRECT-". Note in future supplicant will take    */
		/* dedicated p2p wdev to do this and then this 'hack'*/
		/* is not needed anymore.                            */
		ie_offset =  DOT11_MGMT_HDR_LEN +
			     DOT11_BCN_PRB_FIXED_LEN;
		ie_len = len - ie_offset;
		if (vif == cfg->p2p.bss_idx[P2PAPI_BSSCFG_PRIMARY].vif)
			vif = cfg->p2p.bss_idx[P2PAPI_BSSCFG_DEVICE].vif;
		err = brcmf_vif_set_mgmt_ie(vif,
					    BRCMF_VNDR_IE_PRBRSP_FLAG,
					    &buf[ie_offset],
					    ie_len);
		cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status(wdev, *cookie, buf, len, true,
					GFP_KERNEL);
	} else if (ieee80211_is_action(mgmt->frame_control)) {
		af_params = kzalloc(sizeof(*af_params), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (af_params == NULL) {
			brcmf_err("unable to allocate frame\n");
			err = -ENOMEM;
			goto exit;
		}
		action_frame = &af_params->action_frame;
		/* Add the packet Id */
		action_frame->packet_id = cpu_to_le32(*cookie);
		/* Add BSSID */
		memcpy(&action_frame->da[0], &mgmt->da[0], ETH_ALEN);
		memcpy(&af_params->bssid[0], &mgmt->bssid[0], ETH_ALEN);
		/* Add the length exepted for 802.11 header  */
		action_frame->len = cpu_to_le16(len - DOT11_MGMT_HDR_LEN);
		/* Add the channel. Use the one specified as parameter if any or
		 * the current one (got from the firmware) otherwise
		 */
		if (chan)
			freq = chan->center_freq;
		else
			brcmf_fil_cmd_int_get(vif->ifp, BRCMF_C_GET_CHANNEL,
					      &freq);
		chan_nr = ieee80211_frequency_to_channel(freq);
		af_params->channel = cpu_to_le32(chan_nr);

		memcpy(action_frame->data, &buf[DOT11_MGMT_HDR_LEN],
		       le16_to_cpu(action_frame->len));

		brcmf_dbg(TRACE, "Action frame, cookie=%lld, len=%d, freq=%d\n",
			  *cookie, le16_to_cpu(action_frame->len), freq);

		ack = brcmf_p2p_send_action_frame(cfg, cfg_to_ndev(cfg),
						  af_params);

		cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status(wdev, *cookie, buf, len, ack,
					GFP_KERNEL);
		kfree(af_params);
	} else {
		brcmf_dbg(TRACE, "Unhandled, fc=%04x!!\n", mgmt->frame_control);
		brcmf_dbg_hex_dump(true, buf, len, "payload, len=%Zu\n", len);
	}

exit:
	return err;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.