int BN_GF2m_mod_exp(BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b,
                    const BIGNUM *p, BN_CTX *ctx)
{
    int ret = 0;
    const int max = BN_num_bits(p) + 1;
    int *arr = NULL;
    bn_check_top(a);
    bn_check_top(b);
    bn_check_top(p);
    if ((arr = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(*arr) * max)) == NULL)
        goto err;
    ret = BN_GF2m_poly2arr(p, arr, max);
    if (!ret || ret > max) {
        BNerr(BN_F_BN_GF2M_MOD_EXP, BN_R_INVALID_LENGTH);
        goto err;
    }
    ret = BN_GF2m_mod_exp_arr(r, a, b, arr, ctx);
    bn_check_top(r);
 err:
    OPENSSL_free(arr);
    return ret;
}

This vulnerability category highlights issues in resource management where failures to properly release memory, file handles, or other resources can degrade system performance or enable denial-of-service conditions.