static ssize_t fuse_direct_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
				     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	ssize_t res;
	struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;

	if (is_bad_inode(inode))
		return -EIO;

	res = fuse_direct_io(file, buf, count, ppos, 0);

	fuse_invalidate_attr(inode);

	return res;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.