static std::vector<std::string> splitAndTransform(const StringPiece& str, char sep,
 const std::function<char(char)>& f) {
    std::vector<std::string> parts;
 const StringPiece::const_iterator end = std::end(str);
 StringPiece::const_iterator start = std::begin(str);
 StringPiece::const_iterator current;
 do {
        current = std::find(start, end, sep);
        parts.emplace_back(str.substr(start, current).toString());
 if (f) {
            std::string& part = parts.back();
            std::transform(part.begin(), part.end(), part.begin(), f);
 }
        start = current + 1;
 } while (current != end);
 return parts;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.