static int path_init(int dfd, const char *name, unsigned int flags, struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int retval = 0;
	int fput_needed;
	struct file *file;

	nd->last_type = LAST_ROOT; /* if there are only slashes... */
	nd->flags = flags;
	nd->depth = 0;
	nd->root.mnt = NULL;

	if (*name=='/') {
		set_root(nd);
		nd->path = nd->root;
		path_get(&nd->root);
	} else if (dfd == AT_FDCWD) {
		struct fs_struct *fs = current->fs;
		read_lock(&fs->lock);
		nd->path = fs->pwd;
		path_get(&fs->pwd);
		read_unlock(&fs->lock);
	} else {
		struct dentry *dentry;

		file = fget_light(dfd, &fput_needed);
		retval = -EBADF;
		if (!file)
			goto out_fail;

		dentry = file->f_path.dentry;

		retval = -ENOTDIR;
		if (!S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
			goto fput_fail;

		retval = file_permission(file, MAY_EXEC);
		if (retval)
			goto fput_fail;

		nd->path = file->f_path;
		path_get(&file->f_path);

		fput_light(file, fput_needed);
	}
	return 0;

fput_fail:
	fput_light(file, fput_needed);
out_fail:
	return retval;
}

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.