int check_disk_change(struct block_device *bdev)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
	const struct block_device_operations *bdops = disk->fops;
	unsigned int events;

	events = disk_clear_events(disk, DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE |
				   DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST);
	if (!(events & DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE))
		return 0;

	flush_disk(bdev, true);
	if (bdops->revalidate_disk)
		bdops->revalidate_disk(bdev->bd_disk);
	return 1;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.