static bool zone_spans_last_pfn(const struct zone *zone,
			unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	unsigned long last_pfn = start_pfn + nr_pages - 1;
	return zone_spans_pfn(zone, last_pfn);
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.