png_get_uint_16)(png_const_bytep buf)
{
   /* ANSI-C requires an int value to accommodate at least 16 bits so this
    * works and allows the compiler not to worry about possible narrowing
    * on 32-bit systems.  (Pre-ANSI systems did not make integers smaller
    * than 16 bits either.)
    */
   unsigned int val =
       ((unsigned int)(*buf) << 8) +
       ((unsigned int)(*(buf + 1)));

   return (png_uint_16)val;
}

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.