int page_mapped_in_vma(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	unsigned long address;
	pte_t *pte;
	spinlock_t *ptl;

	address = __vma_address(page, vma);
	if (unlikely(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end))
		return 0;
	pte = page_check_address(page, vma->vm_mm, address, &ptl, 1);
	if (!pte)			/* the page is not in this mm */
		return 0;
	pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);

	return 1;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.