static void virtio_gpu_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g,
                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
{
    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout;
    pixman_format_code_t format;
    uint32_t offset;
    int bpp;
    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;

    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x, ss.r.y);

    if (ss.scanout_id >= g->conf.max_outputs) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "%s: illegal scanout id specified %d",
                      __func__, ss.scanout_id);
        cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_INVALID_SCANOUT_ID;
        return;
    }

    g->enable = 1;
    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
        scanout = &g->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
        if (scanout->resource_id) {
            res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, scanout->resource_id);
            if (res) {
                res->scanout_bitmask &= ~(1 << ss.scanout_id);
            }
        }
        if (ss.scanout_id == 0) {
            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                          "%s: illegal scanout id specified %d",
                          __func__, ss.scanout_id);
            cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_INVALID_SCANOUT_ID;
            return;
        }
        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(g->scanout[ss.scanout_id].con, NULL);
        scanout->ds = NULL;
        scanout->width = 0;
        scanout->height = 0;
        return;
    }

    /* create a surface for this scanout */
    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
    if (!res) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "%s: illegal resource specified %d\n",
                      __func__, ss.resource_id);
        cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
        return;
    }

    if (ss.r.x > res->width ||
        ss.r.y > res->height ||
        ss.r.width > res->width ||
        ss.r.height > res->height ||
        ss.r.x + ss.r.width > res->width ||
        ss.r.y + ss.r.height > res->height) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "%s: illegal scanout %d bounds for"
                      " resource %d, (%d,%d)+%d,%d vs %d %d\n",
                      __func__, ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id, ss.r.x, ss.r.y,
                      ss.r.width, ss.r.height, res->width, res->height);
        cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
        return;
    }

    scanout = &g->scanout[ss.scanout_id];

    format = pixman_image_get_format(res->image);
    bpp = (PIXMAN_FORMAT_BPP(format) + 7) / 8;
    offset = (ss.r.x * bpp) + ss.r.y * pixman_image_get_stride(res->image);
    if (!scanout->ds || surface_data(scanout->ds)
        != ((uint8_t *)pixman_image_get_data(res->image) + offset) ||
        scanout->width != ss.r.width ||
        scanout->height != ss.r.height) {
        pixman_image_t *rect;
        void *ptr = (uint8_t *)pixman_image_get_data(res->image) + offset;
        rect = pixman_image_create_bits(format, ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ptr,
                                        pixman_image_get_stride(res->image));
        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
        pixman_image_set_destroy_function(rect, virtio_unref_resource,
                                          res->image);
        /* realloc the surface ptr */
        scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(rect);
        if (!scanout->ds) {
             cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;
             return;
         }
        pixman_image_unref(rect);
         dpy_gfx_replace_surface(g->scanout[ss.scanout_id].con, scanout->ds);
     }
    scanout->resource_id = ss.resource_id;
    scanout->x = ss.r.x;
    scanout->y = ss.r.y;
    scanout->width = ss.r.width;
    scanout->height = ss.r.height;
}

The product does not release a resource after its effective lifetime has ended, i.e., after the resource is no longer needed.