static int parse_video_info(AVIOContext *pb, AVStream *st)
{
    uint16_t size_asf; // ASF-specific Format Data size
    uint32_t size_bmp; // BMP_HEADER-specific Format Data size
    unsigned int tag;

    st->codecpar->width  = avio_rl32(pb);
    st->codecpar->height = avio_rl32(pb);
    avio_skip(pb, 1); // skip reserved flags
    size_asf = avio_rl16(pb);
    tag = ff_get_bmp_header(pb, st, &size_bmp);
    st->codecpar->codec_tag = tag;
     st->codecpar->codec_id  = ff_codec_get_id(ff_codec_bmp_tags, tag);
     size_bmp = FFMAX(size_asf, size_bmp);
 
    if (size_bmp > BMP_HEADER_SIZE) {
         int ret;
         st->codecpar->extradata_size  = size_bmp - BMP_HEADER_SIZE;
         if (!(st->codecpar->extradata = av_malloc(st->codecpar->extradata_size +
                                               AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE))) {
            st->codecpar->extradata_size = 0;
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        }
        memset(st->codecpar->extradata + st->codecpar->extradata_size , 0,
               AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
        if ((ret = avio_read(pb, st->codecpar->extradata,
                             st->codecpar->extradata_size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    return 0;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.