static int check_refcounts_l2(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *res,
    uint16_t *refcount_table, int refcount_table_size, int64_t l2_offset,
    int flags)
{
    BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
    uint64_t *l2_table, l2_entry;
    uint64_t next_contiguous_offset = 0;
    int i, l2_size, nb_csectors;

    /* Read L2 table from disk */
    l2_size = s->l2_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
    l2_table = g_malloc(l2_size);

    if (bdrv_pread(bs->file, l2_offset, l2_table, l2_size) != l2_size)
        goto fail;

    /* Do the actual checks */
    for(i = 0; i < s->l2_size; i++) {
        l2_entry = be64_to_cpu(l2_table[i]);

        switch (qcow2_get_cluster_type(l2_entry)) {
        case QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED:
            /* Compressed clusters don't have QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED */
            if (l2_entry & QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: cluster %" PRId64 ": "
                    "copied flag must never be set for compressed "
                    "clusters\n", l2_entry >> s->cluster_bits);
                l2_entry &= ~QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED;
                res->corruptions++;
            }

            /* Mark cluster as used */
            nb_csectors = ((l2_entry >> s->csize_shift) &
                           s->csize_mask) + 1;
            l2_entry &= s->cluster_offset_mask;
            inc_refcounts(bs, res, refcount_table, refcount_table_size,
                l2_entry & ~511, nb_csectors * 512);

            if (flags & CHECK_FRAG_INFO) {
                res->bfi.allocated_clusters++;
                res->bfi.compressed_clusters++;

                /* Compressed clusters are fragmented by nature.  Since they
                 * take up sub-sector space but we only have sector granularity
                 * I/O we need to re-read the same sectors even for adjacent
                 * compressed clusters.
                 */
                res->bfi.fragmented_clusters++;
            }
            break;

        case QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO:
            if ((l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK) == 0) {
                break;
            }
            /* fall through */

        case QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL:
        {
            uint64_t offset = l2_entry & L2E_OFFSET_MASK;

            if (flags & CHECK_FRAG_INFO) {
                res->bfi.allocated_clusters++;
                if (next_contiguous_offset &&
                    offset != next_contiguous_offset) {
                    res->bfi.fragmented_clusters++;
                }
                next_contiguous_offset = offset + s->cluster_size;
            }

            /* Mark cluster as used */
            inc_refcounts(bs, res, refcount_table,refcount_table_size,
                offset, s->cluster_size);

            /* Correct offsets are cluster aligned */
            if (offset_into_cluster(s, offset)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR offset=%" PRIx64 ": Cluster is not "
                    "properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.\n", offset);
                res->corruptions++;
            }
            break;
        }

        case QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED:
            break;

        default:
            abort();
        }
    }

    g_free(l2_table);
    return 0;

fail:
    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: I/O error in check_refcounts_l2\n");
    g_free(l2_table);
    return -EIO;
}

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.