static int update_stack_depth(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
			      const struct bpf_func_state *func,
			      int off)
{
	u16 stack = env->subprog_info[func->subprogno].stack_depth;

	if (stack >= -off)
		return 0;

	/* update known max for given subprogram */
	env->subprog_info[func->subprogno].stack_depth = -off;
	return 0;
}

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.