static int vol_effect_command(effect_handle_t self,
 uint32_t cmd_code, uint32_t cmd_size,
 void *p_cmd_data, uint32_t *reply_size,
 void *p_reply_data)
{
 vol_listener_context_t *context = (vol_listener_context_t *)self;
 int status = 0;

    ALOGV("%s Called ", __func__);
    pthread_mutex_lock(&vol_listner_init_lock);

 if (context == NULL || context->state == VOL_LISTENER_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
        ALOGE("%s: %s is NULL", __func__, (context == NULL) ?
 "context" : "context->state");
        status = -EINVAL;
 goto exit;
 }

 switch (cmd_code) {
 case EFFECT_CMD_INIT:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_INIT", __func__);
 if (p_reply_data == NULL || *reply_size != sizeof(int)) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_INIT: %s, sending -EINVAL", __func__,
 (p_reply_data == NULL) ? "p_reply_data is NULL" :
 "*reply_size != sizeof(int)");
 return -EINVAL;
 }
 *(int *)p_reply_data = 0;
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_SET_CONFIG:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_SET_CONFIG", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_GET_CONFIG:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_GET_CONFIG", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_RESET:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_RESET", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_SET_AUDIO_MODE:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_SET_AUDIO_MODE", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_OFFLOAD:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_OFFLOAD", __func__);
 if (p_reply_data == NULL || *reply_size != sizeof(int)) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_OFFLOAD: %s, sending -EINVAL", __func__,
 (p_reply_data == NULL) ? "p_reply_data is NULL" :
 "*reply_size != sizeof(int)");
 return -EINVAL;
 }
 *(int *)p_reply_data = 0;
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE", __func__);
 if (p_reply_data == NULL || *reply_size != sizeof(int)) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE: %s, sending -EINVAL", __func__,
 (p_reply_data == NULL) ? "p_reply_data is NULL" :
 "*reply_size != sizeof(int)");
            status = -EINVAL;
 goto exit;
 }

 if (context->state != VOL_LISTENER_STATE_INITIALIZED) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE : state not INITIALIZED", __func__);
            status = -ENOSYS;
 goto exit;
 }

        context->state = VOL_LISTENER_STATE_ACTIVE;
 *(int *)p_reply_data = 0;

 if (context->dev_id & AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER) {
                check_and_set_gain_dep_cal();
 }

 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE", __func__);
 if (p_reply_data == NULL || *reply_size != sizeof(int)) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_DISABLE: %s, sending -EINVAL", __func__,
 (p_reply_data == NULL) ? "p_reply_data is NULL" :
 "*reply_size != sizeof(int)");
            status = -EINVAL;
 goto exit;
 }

 if (context->state != VOL_LISTENER_STATE_ACTIVE) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_ENABLE : state not ACTIVE", __func__);
            status = -ENOSYS;
 goto exit;
 }

        context->state = VOL_LISTENER_STATE_INITIALIZED;
 *(int *)p_reply_data = 0;

 if (context->dev_id & AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER) {
            check_and_set_gain_dep_cal();
 }

 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_GET_PARAM:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_GET_PARAM", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM:
        ALOGV("%s :: cmd called EFFECT_CMD_SET_PARAM", __func__);
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_SET_DEVICE:
 {
 uint32_t new_device;
 bool recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level = false;
        ALOGV("cmd called EFFECT_CMD_SET_DEVICE ");

 if (p_cmd_data == NULL) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_SET_DEVICE: cmd data NULL", __func__);
            status = -EINVAL;
 goto exit;
 }

        new_device = *(uint32_t *)p_cmd_data;
        ALOGV("%s :: EFFECT_CMD_SET_DEVICE: (current/new) device (0x%x / 0x%x)",
               __func__, context->dev_id, new_device);

 if ((context->dev_id & AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER) ||
 (new_device & AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER)) {
            recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level = true;
 }

        context->dev_id = new_device;

 if (recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level) {
            check_and_set_gain_dep_cal();
 }
 }
 break;

 case EFFECT_CMD_SET_VOLUME:
 {
 float left_vol = 0, right_vol = 0;
 bool recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level = false;

        ALOGV("cmd called EFFECT_CMD_SET_VOLUME");
 if (p_cmd_data == NULL || cmd_size != 2 * sizeof(uint32_t)) {
            ALOGE("%s: EFFECT_CMD_SET_VOLUME: %s", __func__, (p_cmd_data == NULL) ?
 "p_cmd_data is NULL" : "cmd_size issue");
            status = -EINVAL;
 goto exit;
 }

 if (context->dev_id & AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER) {
            recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level = true;
 }

        left_vol = (float)(*(uint32_t *)p_cmd_data) / (1 << 24);
        right_vol = (float)(*((uint32_t *)p_cmd_data + 1)) / (1 << 24);
        ALOGV("Current Volume (%f / %f ) new Volume (%f / %f)", context->left_vol,
              context->right_vol, left_vol, right_vol);

        context->left_vol = left_vol;
        context->right_vol = right_vol;

 if (recompute_gain_dep_cal_Level) {
            check_and_set_gain_dep_cal();
 }
 }
 break;

 default:
        ALOGW("volume_listener_command invalid command %d", cmd_code);
        status = -ENOSYS;
 break;
 }

exit:
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&vol_listner_init_lock);
 return status;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.