static int cqspi_indirect_write_execute(struct spi_nor *nor,
					const u8 *txbuf, const unsigned n_tx)
{
	const unsigned int page_size = nor->page_size;
	struct cqspi_flash_pdata *f_pdata = nor->priv;
	struct cqspi_st *cqspi = f_pdata->cqspi;
	void __iomem *reg_base = cqspi->iobase;
	unsigned int remaining = n_tx;
	unsigned int write_bytes;
	int ret;

	writel(remaining, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWRBYTES);

	/* Clear all interrupts. */
	writel(CQSPI_IRQ_STATUS_MASK, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_IRQSTATUS);

	writel(CQSPI_IRQ_MASK_WR, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_IRQMASK);

	reinit_completion(&cqspi->transfer_complete);
	writel(CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR_START_MASK,
	       reg_base + CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR);

	while (remaining > 0) {
		write_bytes = remaining > page_size ? page_size : remaining;
		writesl(cqspi->ahb_base, txbuf, DIV_ROUND_UP(write_bytes, 4));

		ret = wait_for_completion_timeout(&cqspi->transfer_complete,
						  msecs_to_jiffies
						  (CQSPI_TIMEOUT_MS));
		if (!ret) {
			dev_err(nor->dev, "Indirect write timeout\n");
			ret = -ETIMEDOUT;
			goto failwr;
		}

		txbuf += write_bytes;
		remaining -= write_bytes;

		if (remaining > 0)
			reinit_completion(&cqspi->transfer_complete);
	}

	/* Check indirect done status */
	ret = cqspi_wait_for_bit(reg_base + CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR,
				 CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR_DONE_MASK, 0);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(nor->dev,
			"Indirect write completion error (%i)\n", ret);
		goto failwr;
	}

	/* Disable interrupt. */
	writel(0, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_IRQMASK);

	/* Clear indirect completion status */
	writel(CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR_DONE_MASK, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR);

	cqspi_wait_idle(cqspi);

	return 0;

failwr:
	/* Disable interrupt. */
	writel(0, reg_base + CQSPI_REG_IRQMASK);

	/* Cancel the indirect write */
	writel(CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR_CANCEL_MASK,
	       reg_base + CQSPI_REG_INDIRECTWR);
	return ret;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.