static int mnt_make_readonly(struct mount *mnt)
{
	int ret = 0;

	br_write_lock(&vfsmount_lock);
	mnt->mnt.mnt_flags |= MNT_WRITE_HOLD;
	/*
	 * After storing MNT_WRITE_HOLD, we'll read the counters. This store
	 * should be visible before we do.
	 */
	smp_mb();

	/*
	 * With writers on hold, if this value is zero, then there are
	 * definitely no active writers (although held writers may subsequently
	 * increment the count, they'll have to wait, and decrement it after
	 * seeing MNT_READONLY).
	 *
	 * It is OK to have counter incremented on one CPU and decremented on
	 * another: the sum will add up correctly. The danger would be when we
	 * sum up each counter, if we read a counter before it is incremented,
	 * but then read another CPU's count which it has been subsequently
	 * decremented from -- we would see more decrements than we should.
	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD protects against this scenario, because
	 * mnt_want_write first increments count, then smp_mb, then spins on
	 * MNT_WRITE_HOLD, so it can't be decremented by another CPU while
	 * we're counting up here.
	 */
	if (mnt_get_writers(mnt) > 0)
		ret = -EBUSY;
	else
		mnt->mnt.mnt_flags |= MNT_READONLY;
	/*
	 * MNT_READONLY must become visible before ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD, so writers
	 * that become unheld will see MNT_READONLY.
	 */
	smp_wmb();
	mnt->mnt.mnt_flags &= ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD;
	br_write_unlock(&vfsmount_lock);
	return ret;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.