static struct dentry *lookup_hash(struct nameidata *nd)
{
	int err;

	err = exec_permission(nd->path.dentry->d_inode);
	if (err)
		return ERR_PTR(err);
	return __lookup_hash(&nd->last, nd->path.dentry, nd);
}

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.