static int h264_handle_packet(AVFormatContext *ctx, PayloadContext *data,
                              AVStream *st, AVPacket *pkt, uint32_t *timestamp,
                              const uint8_t *buf, int len, uint16_t seq,
                              int flags)
{
    uint8_t nal;
    uint8_t type;
    int result = 0;

    if (!len) {
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Empty H.264 RTP packet\n");
        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
    }
    nal  = buf[0];
    type = nal & 0x1f;

    /* Simplify the case (these are all the NAL types used internally by
     * the H.264 codec). */
    if (type >= 1 && type <= 23)
        type = 1;
    switch (type) {
    case 0:                    // undefined, but pass them through
    case 1:
        if ((result = av_new_packet(pkt, len + sizeof(start_sequence))) < 0)
            return result;
        memcpy(pkt->data, start_sequence, sizeof(start_sequence));
        memcpy(pkt->data + sizeof(start_sequence), buf, len);
        COUNT_NAL_TYPE(data, nal);
        break;

    case 24:                   // STAP-A (one packet, multiple nals)
        buf++;
        len--;
        result = ff_h264_handle_aggregated_packet(ctx, data, pkt, buf, len, 0,
                                                  NAL_COUNTERS, NAL_MASK);
        break;

    case 25:                   // STAP-B
    case 26:                   // MTAP-16
    case 27:                   // MTAP-24
    case 29:                   // FU-B
        avpriv_report_missing_feature(ctx, "RTP H.264 NAL unit type %d", type);
        result = AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
        break;

    case 28:                   // FU-A (fragmented nal)
        result = h264_handle_packet_fu_a(ctx, data, pkt, buf, len,
                                         NAL_COUNTERS, NAL_MASK);
        break;

    case 30:                   // undefined
    case 31:                   // undefined
    default:
        av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Undefined type (%d)\n", type);
        result = AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
        break;
    }

    pkt->stream_index = st->index;

    return result;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.