static void receive_buf(struct virtnet_info *vi, struct receive_queue *rq,
			void *buf, unsigned int len)
{
	struct net_device *dev = vi->dev;
	struct virtnet_stats *stats = this_cpu_ptr(vi->stats);
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	struct virtio_net_hdr_mrg_rxbuf *hdr;

	if (unlikely(len < vi->hdr_len + ETH_HLEN)) {
		pr_debug("%s: short packet %i\n", dev->name, len);
		dev->stats.rx_length_errors++;
		if (vi->mergeable_rx_bufs) {
			unsigned long ctx = (unsigned long)buf;
			void *base = mergeable_ctx_to_buf_address(ctx);
			put_page(virt_to_head_page(base));
		} else if (vi->big_packets) {
			give_pages(rq, buf);
		} else {
			dev_kfree_skb(buf);
		}
		return;
	}

	if (vi->mergeable_rx_bufs)
		skb = receive_mergeable(dev, vi, rq, (unsigned long)buf, len);
	else if (vi->big_packets)
		skb = receive_big(dev, vi, rq, buf, len);
	else
		skb = receive_small(vi, buf, len);

	if (unlikely(!skb))
		return;

	hdr = skb_vnet_hdr(skb);

	u64_stats_update_begin(&stats->rx_syncp);
	stats->rx_bytes += skb->len;
	stats->rx_packets++;
	u64_stats_update_end(&stats->rx_syncp);

	if (hdr->hdr.flags & VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM) {
		pr_debug("Needs csum!\n");
		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb,
			  virtio16_to_cpu(vi->vdev, hdr->hdr.csum_start),
			  virtio16_to_cpu(vi->vdev, hdr->hdr.csum_offset)))
			goto frame_err;
	} else if (hdr->hdr.flags & VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_DATA_VALID) {
		skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY;
	}

	skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, dev);
	pr_debug("Receiving skb proto 0x%04x len %i type %i\n",
		 ntohs(skb->protocol), skb->len, skb->pkt_type);

	if (hdr->hdr.gso_type != VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_NONE) {
		pr_debug("GSO!\n");
		switch (hdr->hdr.gso_type & ~VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_ECN) {
		case VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV4:
			skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV4;
			break;
		case VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP:
			skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_UDP;
			break;
		case VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV6:
			skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV6;
			break;
		default:
			net_warn_ratelimited("%s: bad gso type %u.\n",
					     dev->name, hdr->hdr.gso_type);
			goto frame_err;
		}

		if (hdr->hdr.gso_type & VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_ECN)
			skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type |= SKB_GSO_TCP_ECN;

		skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size = virtio16_to_cpu(vi->vdev,
							    hdr->hdr.gso_size);
		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size == 0) {
			net_warn_ratelimited("%s: zero gso size.\n", dev->name);
			goto frame_err;
		}

		/* Header must be checked, and gso_segs computed. */
		skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type |= SKB_GSO_DODGY;
		skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_segs = 0;
	}

	skb_mark_napi_id(skb, &rq->napi);

	netif_receive_skb(skb);
	return;

frame_err:
	dev->stats.rx_frame_errors++;
	dev_kfree_skb(skb);
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.