struct dentry *lookup_create(struct nameidata *nd, int is_dir)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);

	mutex_lock_nested(&nd->path.dentry->d_inode->i_mutex, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	/*
	 * Yucky last component or no last component at all?
	 * (foo/., foo/.., /////)
	 */
	if (nd->last_type != LAST_NORM)
		goto fail;
	nd->flags &= ~LOOKUP_PARENT;
	nd->flags |= LOOKUP_CREATE | LOOKUP_EXCL;
	nd->intent.open.flags = O_EXCL;

	/*
	 * Do the final lookup.
	 */
	dentry = lookup_hash(nd);
	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
		goto fail;

	if (dentry->d_inode)
		goto eexist;
	/*
	 * Special case - lookup gave negative, but... we had foo/bar/
	 * From the vfs_mknod() POV we just have a negative dentry -
	 * all is fine. Let's be bastards - you had / on the end, you've
	 * been asking for (non-existent) directory. -ENOENT for you.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!is_dir && nd->last.name[nd->last.len])) {
		dput(dentry);
		dentry = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
	}
	return dentry;
eexist:
	dput(dentry);
	dentry = ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);
fail:
	return dentry;
}

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.