dophn_exec(struct magic_set *ms, int clazz, int swap, int fd, off_t off,
    int num, size_t size, off_t fsize, int sh_num, int *flags,
    uint16_t *notecount)
{
	Elf32_Phdr ph32;
	Elf64_Phdr ph64;
	const char *linking_style = "statically";
	const char *interp = "";
	unsigned char nbuf[BUFSIZ];
	char ibuf[BUFSIZ];
	ssize_t bufsize;
	size_t offset, align, len;
	
	if (size != xph_sizeof) {
		if (file_printf(ms, ", corrupted program header size") == -1)
			return -1;
		return 0;
	}

  	for ( ; num; num--) {
		if (pread(fd, xph_addr, xph_sizeof, off) < (ssize_t)xph_sizeof) {
			file_badread(ms);
			return -1;
		}

		off += size;
		bufsize = 0;
		align = 4;

		/* Things we can determine before we seek */
		switch (xph_type) {
		case PT_DYNAMIC:
			linking_style = "dynamically";
			break;
		case PT_NOTE:
			if (sh_num)	/* Did this through section headers */
				continue;
			if (((align = xph_align) & 0x80000000UL) != 0 ||
			    align < 4) {
				if (file_printf(ms, 
				    ", invalid note alignment %#lx",
				    (unsigned long)align) == -1)
					return -1;
				align = 4;
			}
			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
		case PT_INTERP:
			len = xph_filesz < sizeof(nbuf) ? xph_filesz
			    : sizeof(nbuf);
			bufsize = pread(fd, nbuf, len, xph_offset);
			if (bufsize == -1) {
				file_badread(ms);
				return -1;
			}
			break;
		default:
			if (fsize != SIZE_UNKNOWN && xph_offset > fsize) {
				/* Maybe warn here? */
				continue;
			}
			break;
		}

		/* Things we can determine when we seek */
		switch (xph_type) {
		case PT_INTERP:
			if (bufsize && nbuf[0]) {
				nbuf[bufsize - 1] = '\0';
				interp = (const char *)nbuf;
			} else
				interp = "*empty*";
			break;
		case PT_NOTE:
			/*
			 * This is a PT_NOTE section; loop through all the notes
			 * in the section.
			 */
			offset = 0;
			for (;;) {
				if (offset >= (size_t)bufsize)
					break;
				offset = donote(ms, nbuf, offset,
				    (size_t)bufsize, clazz, swap, align,
				    flags, notecount, fd, 0, 0, 0);
				if (offset == 0)
					break;
			}
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	if (file_printf(ms, ", %s linked", linking_style)
	    == -1)
		return -1;
	if (interp[0])
		if (file_printf(ms, ", interpreter %s",
		    file_printable(ibuf, sizeof(ibuf), interp)) == -1)
			return -1;
	return 0;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.