static u64 vmx_get_mt_mask(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gfn_t gfn, bool is_mmio)
{
	u8 cache;
	u64 ipat = 0;

	/* For VT-d and EPT combination
	 * 1. MMIO: always map as UC
	 * 2. EPT with VT-d:
	 *   a. VT-d without snooping control feature: can't guarantee the
	 *	result, try to trust guest.
	 *   b. VT-d with snooping control feature: snooping control feature of
	 *	VT-d engine can guarantee the cache correctness. Just set it
	 *	to WB to keep consistent with host. So the same as item 3.
	 * 3. EPT without VT-d: always map as WB and set IPAT=1 to keep
	 *    consistent with host MTRR
	 */
	if (is_mmio) {
		cache = MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE;
		goto exit;
	}

	if (!kvm_arch_has_noncoherent_dma(vcpu->kvm)) {
		ipat = VMX_EPT_IPAT_BIT;
		cache = MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK;
		goto exit;
	}

	if (kvm_read_cr0(vcpu) & X86_CR0_CD) {
		ipat = VMX_EPT_IPAT_BIT;
		if (kvm_check_has_quirk(vcpu->kvm, KVM_X86_QUIRK_CD_NW_CLEARED))
			cache = MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK;
		else
			cache = MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE;
		goto exit;
	}

	cache = kvm_mtrr_get_guest_memory_type(vcpu, gfn);

exit:
	return (cache << VMX_EPT_MT_EPTE_SHIFT) | ipat;
}

This vulnerability category highlights issues in resource management where failures to properly release memory, file handles, or other resources can degrade system performance or enable denial-of-service conditions.