static int airspy_s_ctrl(struct v4l2_ctrl *ctrl)
{
	struct airspy *s = container_of(ctrl->handler, struct airspy, hdl);
	int ret;

	switch (ctrl->id) {
	case  V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_LNA_GAIN_AUTO:
	case  V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_LNA_GAIN:
		ret = airspy_set_lna_gain(s);
		break;
	case  V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_MIXER_GAIN_AUTO:
	case  V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_MIXER_GAIN:
		ret = airspy_set_mixer_gain(s);
		break;
	case  V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_IF_GAIN:
		ret = airspy_set_if_gain(s);
		break;
	default:
		dev_dbg(s->dev, "unknown ctrl: id=%d name=%s\n",
				ctrl->id, ctrl->name);
		ret = -EINVAL;
	}

	return ret;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.