int cap_capset(struct cred *new,
	       const struct cred *old,
	       const kernel_cap_t *effective,
	       const kernel_cap_t *inheritable,
	       const kernel_cap_t *permitted)
{
	if (cap_inh_is_capped() &&
	    !cap_issubset(*inheritable,
			  cap_combine(old->cap_inheritable,
				      old->cap_permitted)))
		/* incapable of using this inheritable set */
		return -EPERM;

	if (!cap_issubset(*inheritable,
			  cap_combine(old->cap_inheritable,
				      old->cap_bset)))
		/* no new pI capabilities outside bounding set */
		return -EPERM;

	/* verify restrictions on target's new Permitted set */
	if (!cap_issubset(*permitted, old->cap_permitted))
		return -EPERM;

	/* verify the _new_Effective_ is a subset of the _new_Permitted_ */
	if (!cap_issubset(*effective, *permitted))
		return -EPERM;

	new->cap_effective   = *effective;
	new->cap_inheritable = *inheritable;
	new->cap_permitted   = *permitted;
	return 0;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.