void vga_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
{
    VGACommonState *s = opaque;
    int index;

    /* check port range access depending on color/monochrome mode */
    if (vga_ioport_invalid(s, addr)) {
        return;
    }
    trace_vga_std_write_io(addr, val);

    switch(addr) {
    case VGA_ATT_W:
        if (s->ar_flip_flop == 0) {
            val &= 0x3f;
            s->ar_index = val;
        } else {
            index = s->ar_index & 0x1f;
            switch(index) {
            case VGA_ATC_PALETTE0 ... VGA_ATC_PALETTEF:
                s->ar[index] = val & 0x3f;
                break;
            case VGA_ATC_MODE:
                s->ar[index] = val & ~0x10;
                break;
            case VGA_ATC_OVERSCAN:
                s->ar[index] = val;
                break;
            case VGA_ATC_PLANE_ENABLE:
                s->ar[index] = val & ~0xc0;
                break;
            case VGA_ATC_PEL:
                s->ar[index] = val & ~0xf0;
                break;
            case VGA_ATC_COLOR_PAGE:
                s->ar[index] = val & ~0xf0;
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
        s->ar_flip_flop ^= 1;
        break;
    case VGA_MIS_W:
        s->msr = val & ~0x10;
        s->update_retrace_info(s);
        break;
    case VGA_SEQ_I:
        s->sr_index = val & 7;
        break;
    case VGA_SEQ_D:
#ifdef DEBUG_VGA_REG
        printf("vga: write SR%x = 0x%02x\n", s->sr_index, val);
#endif
        s->sr[s->sr_index] = val & sr_mask[s->sr_index];
        if (s->sr_index == VGA_SEQ_CLOCK_MODE) {
            s->update_retrace_info(s);
        }
        vga_update_memory_access(s);
        break;
    case VGA_PEL_IR:
        s->dac_read_index = val;
        s->dac_sub_index = 0;
        s->dac_state = 3;
        break;
    case VGA_PEL_IW:
        s->dac_write_index = val;
        s->dac_sub_index = 0;
        s->dac_state = 0;
        break;
    case VGA_PEL_D:
        s->dac_cache[s->dac_sub_index] = val;
        if (++s->dac_sub_index == 3) {
            memcpy(&s->palette[s->dac_write_index * 3], s->dac_cache, 3);
            s->dac_sub_index = 0;
            s->dac_write_index++;
        }
        break;
    case VGA_GFX_I:
        s->gr_index = val & 0x0f;
        break;
    case VGA_GFX_D:
#ifdef DEBUG_VGA_REG
        printf("vga: write GR%x = 0x%02x\n", s->gr_index, val);
#endif
        s->gr[s->gr_index] = val & gr_mask[s->gr_index];
        vbe_update_vgaregs(s);
        vga_update_memory_access(s);
        break;
    case VGA_CRT_IM:
    case VGA_CRT_IC:
        s->cr_index = val;
        break;
    case VGA_CRT_DM:
    case VGA_CRT_DC:
#ifdef DEBUG_VGA_REG
        printf("vga: write CR%x = 0x%02x\n", s->cr_index, val);
#endif
        /* handle CR0-7 protection */
        if ((s->cr[VGA_CRTC_V_SYNC_END] & VGA_CR11_LOCK_CR0_CR7) &&
            s->cr_index <= VGA_CRTC_OVERFLOW) {
            /* can always write bit 4 of CR7 */
            if (s->cr_index == VGA_CRTC_OVERFLOW) {
                s->cr[VGA_CRTC_OVERFLOW] = (s->cr[VGA_CRTC_OVERFLOW] & ~0x10) |
                    (val & 0x10);
                vbe_update_vgaregs(s);
            }
            return;
        }
        s->cr[s->cr_index] = val;
        vbe_update_vgaregs(s);

        switch(s->cr_index) {
        case VGA_CRTC_H_TOTAL:
        case VGA_CRTC_H_SYNC_START:
        case VGA_CRTC_H_SYNC_END:
        case VGA_CRTC_V_TOTAL:
        case VGA_CRTC_OVERFLOW:
        case VGA_CRTC_V_SYNC_END:
        case VGA_CRTC_MODE:
            s->update_retrace_info(s);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case VGA_IS1_RM:
    case VGA_IS1_RC:
        s->fcr = val & 0x10;
        break;
    }
}

The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.