static int ext4_release_file(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	if (ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_DA_ALLOC_CLOSE)) {
		ext4_alloc_da_blocks(inode);
		ext4_clear_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_DA_ALLOC_CLOSE);
	}
	/* if we are the last writer on the inode, drop the block reservation */
	if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
			(atomic_read(&inode->i_writecount) == 1) &&
		        !EXT4_I(inode)->i_reserved_data_blocks)
	{
		down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
		ext4_discard_preallocations(inode);
		up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
	}
	if (is_dx(inode) && filp->private_data)
		ext4_htree_free_dir_info(filp->private_data);

	return 0;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.