file_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, int fd, const char *inname __attribute__ ((unused)),
    const void *buf, size_t nb)
{
	int m = 0, rv = 0, looks_text = 0;
	int mime = ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME;
	const unsigned char *ubuf = CAST(const unsigned char *, buf);
	unichar *u8buf = NULL;
	size_t ulen;
	const char *code = NULL;
	const char *code_mime = "binary";
	const char *type = "application/octet-stream";
	const char *def = "data";
	const char *ftype = NULL;

	if (nb == 0) {
		def = "empty";
		type = "application/x-empty";
		goto simple;
	} else if (nb == 1) {
		def = "very short file (no magic)";
		goto simple;
	}

	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_ENCODING) == 0) {
		looks_text = file_encoding(ms, ubuf, nb, &u8buf, &ulen,
		    &code, &code_mime, &ftype);
	}

#ifdef __EMX__
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_APPTYPE) == 0 && inname) {
		switch (file_os2_apptype(ms, inname, buf, nb)) {
		case -1:
			return -1;
		case 0:
			break;
		default:
			return 1;
		}
	}
#endif
#if HAVE_FORK
	/* try compression stuff */
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_COMPRESS) == 0)
		if ((m = file_zmagic(ms, fd, inname, ubuf, nb)) != 0) {
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
				(void)fprintf(stderr, "zmagic %d\n", m);
			goto done_encoding;
		}
#endif
	/* Check if we have a tar file */
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_TAR) == 0)
		if ((m = file_is_tar(ms, ubuf, nb)) != 0) {
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
				(void)fprintf(stderr, "tar %d\n", m);
			goto done;
		}

	/* Check if we have a CDF file */
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_CDF) == 0)
		if ((m = file_trycdf(ms, fd, ubuf, nb)) != 0) {
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
				(void)fprintf(stderr, "cdf %d\n", m);
			goto done;
		}

	/* try soft magic tests */
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_SOFT) == 0)
		if ((m = file_softmagic(ms, ubuf, nb, 0, BINTEST,
		    looks_text)) != 0) {
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
				(void)fprintf(stderr, "softmagic %d\n", m);
#ifdef BUILTIN_ELF
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_ELF) == 0 && m == 1 &&
			    nb > 5 && fd != -1) {
				/*
				 * We matched something in the file, so this
				 * *might* be an ELF file, and the file is at
				 * least 5 bytes long, so if it's an ELF file
				 * it has at least one byte past the ELF magic
				 * number - try extracting information from the
				 * ELF headers that cannot easily * be
				 * extracted with rules in the magic file.
				 */
				if ((m = file_tryelf(ms, fd, ubuf, nb)) != 0)
					if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
						(void)fprintf(stderr,
						    "elf %d\n", m);
			}
#endif
			goto done;
		}

	/* try text properties */
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_NO_CHECK_TEXT) == 0) {

		if ((m = file_ascmagic(ms, ubuf, nb, looks_text)) != 0) {
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) != 0)
				(void)fprintf(stderr, "ascmagic %d\n", m);
			goto done;
		}
	}

simple:
	/* give up */
	m = 1;
	if ((!mime || (mime & MAGIC_MIME_TYPE)) &&
	    file_printf(ms, "%s", mime ? type : def) == -1) {
	    rv = -1;
	}
 done:
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING) != 0) {
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME_TYPE)
			if (file_printf(ms, "; charset=") == -1)
				rv = -1;
		if (file_printf(ms, "%s", code_mime) == -1)
			rv = -1;
	}
#if HAVE_FORK
 done_encoding:
#endif
	free(u8buf);
	if (rv)
		return rv;

	return m;
}

This vulnerability category highlights issues in resource management where failures to properly release memory, file handles, or other resources can degrade system performance or enable denial-of-service conditions.