static int decode_header_trees(SmackVContext *smk) {
    BitstreamContext bc;
    int mmap_size, mclr_size, full_size, type_size, ret;

    mmap_size = AV_RL32(smk->avctx->extradata);
    mclr_size = AV_RL32(smk->avctx->extradata + 4);
    full_size = AV_RL32(smk->avctx->extradata + 8);
    type_size = AV_RL32(smk->avctx->extradata + 12);

    bitstream_init8(&bc, smk->avctx->extradata + 16, smk->avctx->extradata_size - 16);

    if (!bitstream_read_bit(&bc)) {
        av_log(smk->avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Skipping MMAP tree\n");
        smk->mmap_tbl = av_malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
        if (!smk->mmap_tbl)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        smk->mmap_tbl[0] = 0;
        smk->mmap_last[0] = smk->mmap_last[1] = smk->mmap_last[2] = 1;
    } else {
        if ((ret = smacker_decode_header_tree(smk, &bc, &smk->mmap_tbl, smk->mmap_last, mmap_size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    if (!bitstream_read_bit(&bc)) {
        av_log(smk->avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Skipping MCLR tree\n");
        smk->mclr_tbl = av_malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
        if (!smk->mclr_tbl)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        smk->mclr_tbl[0] = 0;
        smk->mclr_last[0] = smk->mclr_last[1] = smk->mclr_last[2] = 1;
    } else {
        if ((ret = smacker_decode_header_tree(smk, &bc, &smk->mclr_tbl, smk->mclr_last, mclr_size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    if (!bitstream_read_bit(&bc)) {
        av_log(smk->avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Skipping FULL tree\n");
        smk->full_tbl = av_malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
        if (!smk->full_tbl)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        smk->full_tbl[0] = 0;
        smk->full_last[0] = smk->full_last[1] = smk->full_last[2] = 1;
    } else {
        if ((ret = smacker_decode_header_tree(smk, &bc, &smk->full_tbl, smk->full_last, full_size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    if (!bitstream_read_bit(&bc)) {
        av_log(smk->avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Skipping TYPE tree\n");
        smk->type_tbl = av_malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
        if (!smk->type_tbl)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        smk->type_tbl[0] = 0;
        smk->type_last[0] = smk->type_last[1] = smk->type_last[2] = 1;
    } else {
        if ((ret = smacker_decode_header_tree(smk, &bc, &smk->type_tbl, smk->type_last, type_size)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }

    return 0;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.