static void cirrus_init_common(CirrusVGAState *s, Object *owner,
                               int device_id, int is_pci,
                               MemoryRegion *system_memory,
                               MemoryRegion *system_io)
{
    int i;
    static int inited;

    if (!inited) {
        inited = 1;
        for(i = 0;i < 256; i++)
            rop_to_index[i] = CIRRUS_ROP_NOP_INDEX; /* nop rop */
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_0] = 0;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_AND_DST] = 1;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOP] = 2;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_AND_NOTDST] = 3;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTDST] = 4;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC] = 5;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_1] = 6;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTSRC_AND_DST] = 7;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_XOR_DST] = 8;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_OR_DST] = 9;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTSRC_OR_NOTDST] = 10;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_NOTXOR_DST] = 11;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_SRC_OR_NOTDST] = 12;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTSRC] = 13;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTSRC_OR_DST] = 14;
        rop_to_index[CIRRUS_ROP_NOTSRC_AND_NOTDST] = 15;
        s->device_id = device_id;
        if (is_pci)
            s->bustype = CIRRUS_BUSTYPE_PCI;
        else
            s->bustype = CIRRUS_BUSTYPE_ISA;
    }

    /* Register ioport 0x3b0 - 0x3df */
    memory_region_init_io(&s->cirrus_vga_io, owner, &cirrus_vga_io_ops, s,
                          "cirrus-io", 0x30);
    memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(&s->cirrus_vga_io);
    memory_region_add_subregion(system_io, 0x3b0, &s->cirrus_vga_io);

    memory_region_init(&s->low_mem_container, owner,
                       "cirrus-lowmem-container",
                       0x20000);

    memory_region_init_io(&s->low_mem, owner, &cirrus_vga_mem_ops, s,
                          "cirrus-low-memory", 0x20000);
    memory_region_add_subregion(&s->low_mem_container, 0, &s->low_mem);
    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        static const char *names[] = { "vga.bank0", "vga.bank1" };
        MemoryRegion *bank = &s->cirrus_bank[i];
        memory_region_init_alias(bank, owner, names[i], &s->vga.vram,
                                 0, 0x8000);
        memory_region_set_enabled(bank, false);
        memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&s->low_mem_container, i * 0x8000,
                                            bank, 1);
    }
    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory,
                                        isa_mem_base + 0x000a0000,
                                        &s->low_mem_container,
                                        1);
    memory_region_set_coalescing(&s->low_mem);

    /* I/O handler for LFB */
    memory_region_init_io(&s->cirrus_linear_io, owner, &cirrus_linear_io_ops, s,
                          "cirrus-linear-io", s->vga.vram_size_mb
                                              * 1024 * 1024);
    memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(&s->cirrus_linear_io);

    /* I/O handler for LFB */
    memory_region_init_io(&s->cirrus_linear_bitblt_io, owner,
                          &cirrus_linear_bitblt_io_ops,
                          s,
                          "cirrus-bitblt-mmio",
                          0x400000);
    memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(&s->cirrus_linear_bitblt_io);

    /* I/O handler for memory-mapped I/O */
    memory_region_init_io(&s->cirrus_mmio_io, owner, &cirrus_mmio_io_ops, s,
                          "cirrus-mmio", CIRRUS_PNPMMIO_SIZE);
    memory_region_set_flush_coalesced(&s->cirrus_mmio_io);

    s->real_vram_size =
        (s->device_id == CIRRUS_ID_CLGD5446) ? 4096 * 1024 : 2048 * 1024;

    /* XXX: s->vga.vram_size must be a power of two */
    s->cirrus_addr_mask = s->real_vram_size - 1;
    s->linear_mmio_mask = s->real_vram_size - 256;

    s->vga.get_bpp = cirrus_get_bpp;
    s->vga.get_offsets = cirrus_get_offsets;
    s->vga.get_resolution = cirrus_get_resolution;
    s->vga.cursor_invalidate = cirrus_cursor_invalidate;
    s->vga.cursor_draw_line = cirrus_cursor_draw_line;

    qemu_register_reset(cirrus_reset, s);
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.