static av_always_inline void decode_line(FFV1Context *s, int w,
                                         int16_t *sample[2],
                                         int plane_index, int bits)
{
    PlaneContext *const p = &s->plane[plane_index];
    RangeCoder *const c   = &s->c;
    int x;
    int run_count = 0;
    int run_mode  = 0;
    int run_index = s->run_index;

    for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
        int diff, context, sign;

        context = get_context(p, sample[1] + x, sample[0] + x, sample[1] + x);
        if (context < 0) {
            context = -context;
            sign    = 1;
        } else
            sign = 0;

        av_assert2(context < p->context_count);

        if (s->ac) {
            diff = get_symbol_inline(c, p->state[context], 1);
        } else {
            if (context == 0 && run_mode == 0)
                run_mode = 1;

            if (run_mode) {
                if (run_count == 0 && run_mode == 1) {
                    if (get_bits1(&s->gb)) {
                        run_count = 1 << ff_log2_run[run_index];
                        if (x + run_count <= w)
                            run_index++;
                    } else {
                        if (ff_log2_run[run_index])
                            run_count = get_bits(&s->gb, ff_log2_run[run_index]);
                        else
                            run_count = 0;
                        if (run_index)
                            run_index--;
                        run_mode = 2;
                    }
                }
                run_count--;
                if (run_count < 0) {
                    run_mode  = 0;
                    run_count = 0;
                    diff      = get_vlc_symbol(&s->gb, &p->vlc_state[context],
                                               bits);
                    if (diff >= 0)
                        diff++;
                } else
                    diff = 0;
            } else
                diff = get_vlc_symbol(&s->gb, &p->vlc_state[context], bits);

            av_dlog(s->avctx, "count:%d index:%d, mode:%d, x:%d pos:%d\n",
                    run_count, run_index, run_mode, x, get_bits_count(&s->gb));
        }

        if (sign)
            diff = -diff;

        sample[1][x] = (predict(sample[1] + x, sample[0] + x) + diff) &
                       ((1 << bits) - 1);
    }
    s->run_index = run_index;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.