static int is_file(const char *filename)
{
  struct_stat st;

  if(filename == NULL)
    return 0;

  if(stat(filename, &st) == 0)
    if(S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
      return 1;

  return 0;
}

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.