int64_t ga_get_fd_handle(GAState *s, Error **errp)
{
    int64_t handle;

    g_assert(s->pstate_filepath);
    /* we blacklist commands and avoid operations that potentially require
     * writing to disk when we're in a frozen state. this includes opening
     * new files, so we should never get here in that situation
     */
    g_assert(!ga_is_frozen(s));

    handle = s->pstate.fd_counter++;

    /* This should never happen on a reasonable timeframe, as guest-file-open
     * would have to be issued 2^63 times */
    if (s->pstate.fd_counter == INT64_MAX) {
        abort();
    }

    if (!write_persistent_state(&s->pstate, s->pstate_filepath)) {
        error_setg(errp, "failed to commit persistent state to disk");
    }

    return handle;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.