int sb_prepare_remount_readonly(struct super_block *sb)
{
	struct mount *mnt;
	int err = 0;

	/* Racy optimization.  Recheck the counter under MNT_WRITE_HOLD */
	if (atomic_long_read(&sb->s_remove_count))
		return -EBUSY;

	br_write_lock(&vfsmount_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(mnt, &sb->s_mounts, mnt_instance) {
		if (!(mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_READONLY)) {
			mnt->mnt.mnt_flags |= MNT_WRITE_HOLD;
			smp_mb();
			if (mnt_get_writers(mnt) > 0) {
				err = -EBUSY;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!err && atomic_long_read(&sb->s_remove_count))
		err = -EBUSY;

	if (!err) {
		sb->s_readonly_remount = 1;
		smp_wmb();
	}
	list_for_each_entry(mnt, &sb->s_mounts, mnt_instance) {
		if (mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_WRITE_HOLD)
			mnt->mnt.mnt_flags &= ~MNT_WRITE_HOLD;
	}
	br_write_unlock(&vfsmount_lock);

	return err;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.