double vnc_update_freq(VncState *vs, int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    int i, j;
    double total = 0;
    int num = 0;

    x =  (x / VNC_STAT_RECT) * VNC_STAT_RECT;
    y =  (y / VNC_STAT_RECT) * VNC_STAT_RECT;

    for (j = y; j <= y + h; j += VNC_STAT_RECT) {
        for (i = x; i <= x + w; i += VNC_STAT_RECT) {
            total += vnc_stat_rect(vs->vd, i, j)->freq;
            num++;
        }
    }

    if (num) {
        return total / num;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.