static int flashsv_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data,
                                int *got_frame, AVPacket *avpkt)
{
    int buf_size       = avpkt->size;
    FlashSVContext *s  = avctx->priv_data;
    int h_blocks, v_blocks, h_part, v_part, i, j, ret;
    GetBitContext gb;
    int last_blockwidth = s->block_width;
    int last_blockheight= s->block_height;

    /* no supplementary picture */
    if (buf_size == 0)
        return 0;
    if (buf_size < 4)
        return -1;

    init_get_bits(&gb, avpkt->data, buf_size * 8);

    /* start to parse the bitstream */
    s->block_width  = 16 * (get_bits(&gb,  4) + 1);
    s->image_width  =       get_bits(&gb, 12);
    s->block_height = 16 * (get_bits(&gb,  4) + 1);
    s->image_height =       get_bits(&gb, 12);

    if (   last_blockwidth != s->block_width
        || last_blockheight!= s->block_height)
        av_freep(&s->blocks);

    if (s->ver == 2) {
        skip_bits(&gb, 6);
        if (get_bits1(&gb)) {
            avpriv_request_sample(avctx, "iframe");
            return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
        }
        if (get_bits1(&gb)) {
            avpriv_request_sample(avctx, "Custom palette");
            return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
        }
    }

    /* calculate number of blocks and size of border (partial) blocks */
    h_blocks = s->image_width  / s->block_width;
    h_part   = s->image_width  % s->block_width;
    v_blocks = s->image_height / s->block_height;
    v_part   = s->image_height % s->block_height;

    /* the block size could change between frames, make sure the buffer
     * is large enough, if not, get a larger one */
    if (s->block_size < s->block_width * s->block_height) {
        int tmpblock_size = 3 * s->block_width * s->block_height;

        s->tmpblock = av_realloc(s->tmpblock, tmpblock_size);
        if (!s->tmpblock) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Can't allocate decompression buffer.\n");
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        }
        if (s->ver == 2) {
            s->deflate_block_size = calc_deflate_block_size(tmpblock_size);
            if (s->deflate_block_size <= 0) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Can't determine deflate buffer size.\n");
                return -1;
            }
            s->deflate_block = av_realloc(s->deflate_block, s->deflate_block_size);
            if (!s->deflate_block) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Can't allocate deflate buffer.\n");
                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
            }
        }
    }
    s->block_size = s->block_width * s->block_height;

    /* initialize the image size once */
    if (avctx->width == 0 && avctx->height == 0) {
        avcodec_set_dimensions(avctx, s->image_width, s->image_height);
    }

    /* check for changes of image width and image height */
    if (avctx->width != s->image_width || avctx->height != s->image_height) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
               "Frame width or height differs from first frame!\n");
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "fh = %d, fv %d  vs  ch = %d, cv = %d\n",
               avctx->height, avctx->width, s->image_height, s->image_width);
        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
    }

    /* we care for keyframes only in Screen Video v2 */
    s->is_keyframe = (avpkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) && (s->ver == 2);
    if (s->is_keyframe) {
        s->keyframedata = av_realloc(s->keyframedata, avpkt->size);
        memcpy(s->keyframedata, avpkt->data, avpkt->size);
    }
    if(s->ver == 2 && !s->blocks)
        s->blocks = av_mallocz((v_blocks + !!v_part) * (h_blocks + !!h_part)
                                * sizeof(s->blocks[0]));

    av_dlog(avctx, "image: %dx%d block: %dx%d num: %dx%d part: %dx%d\n",
            s->image_width, s->image_height, s->block_width, s->block_height,
            h_blocks, v_blocks, h_part, v_part);

    if ((ret = ff_reget_buffer(avctx, &s->frame)) < 0)
        return ret;

    /* loop over all block columns */
    for (j = 0; j < v_blocks + (v_part ? 1 : 0); j++) {

        int y_pos  = j * s->block_height; // vertical position in frame
        int cur_blk_height = (j < v_blocks) ? s->block_height : v_part;

        /* loop over all block rows */
        for (i = 0; i < h_blocks + (h_part ? 1 : 0); i++) {
            int x_pos = i * s->block_width; // horizontal position in frame
            int cur_blk_width = (i < h_blocks) ? s->block_width : h_part;
            int has_diff = 0;

            /* get the size of the compressed zlib chunk */
            int size = get_bits(&gb, 16);

            s->color_depth    = 0;
            s->zlibprime_curr = 0;
            s->zlibprime_prev = 0;
            s->diff_start     = 0;
            s->diff_height    = cur_blk_height;

            if (8 * size > get_bits_left(&gb)) {
                av_frame_unref(&s->frame);
                return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
            }

            if (s->ver == 2 && size) {
                skip_bits(&gb, 3);
                s->color_depth    = get_bits(&gb, 2);
                has_diff          = get_bits1(&gb);
                s->zlibprime_curr = get_bits1(&gb);
                s->zlibprime_prev = get_bits1(&gb);

                if (s->color_depth != 0 && s->color_depth != 2) {
                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                           "%dx%d invalid color depth %d\n", i, j, s->color_depth);
                    return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                }

                if (has_diff) {
                    if (!s->keyframe) {
                        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                               "inter frame without keyframe\n");
                        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                     }
                     s->diff_start  = get_bits(&gb, 8);
                     s->diff_height = get_bits(&gb, 8);
                    if (s->diff_start + s->diff_height > cur_blk_height) {
                        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Block parameters invalid\n");
                        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                    }
                     av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
                            "%dx%d diff start %d height %d\n",
                            i, j, s->diff_start, s->diff_height);
                    size -= 2;
                }

                if (s->zlibprime_prev)
                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%dx%d zlibprime_prev\n", i, j);

                if (s->zlibprime_curr) {
                    int col = get_bits(&gb, 8);
                    int row = get_bits(&gb, 8);
                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%dx%d zlibprime_curr %dx%d\n", i, j, col, row);
                    size -= 2;
                    avpriv_request_sample(avctx, "zlibprime_curr");
                    return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
                }
                if (!s->blocks && (s->zlibprime_curr || s->zlibprime_prev)) {
                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "no data available for zlib "
                           "priming\n");
                    return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                }
                size--; // account for flags byte
            }

            if (has_diff) {
                int k;
                int off = (s->image_height - y_pos - 1) * s->frame.linesize[0];

                for (k = 0; k < cur_blk_height; k++)
                    memcpy(s->frame.data[0] + off - k*s->frame.linesize[0] + x_pos*3,
                           s->keyframe + off - k*s->frame.linesize[0] + x_pos*3,
                           cur_blk_width * 3);
            }

            /* skip unchanged blocks, which have size 0 */
            if (size) {
                if (flashsv_decode_block(avctx, avpkt, &gb, size,
                                         cur_blk_width, cur_blk_height,
                                         x_pos, y_pos,
                                         i + j * (h_blocks + !!h_part)))
                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                           "error in decompression of block %dx%d\n", i, j);
            }
        }
    }
    if (s->is_keyframe && s->ver == 2) {
        if (!s->keyframe) {
            s->keyframe = av_malloc(s->frame.linesize[0] * avctx->height);
            if (!s->keyframe) {
                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot allocate image data\n");
                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
            }
        }
        memcpy(s->keyframe, s->frame.data[0], s->frame.linesize[0] * avctx->height);
    }

    if ((ret = av_frame_ref(data, &s->frame)) < 0)
        return ret;

    *got_frame = 1;

    if ((get_bits_count(&gb) / 8) != buf_size)
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "buffer not fully consumed (%d != %d)\n",
               buf_size, (get_bits_count(&gb) / 8));

    /* report that the buffer was completely consumed */
    return buf_size;
}

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.