int cap_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child, unsigned int mode)
{
	int ret = 0;
	const struct cred *cred, *child_cred;

	rcu_read_lock();
	cred = current_cred();
	child_cred = __task_cred(child);
	if (cred->user->user_ns == child_cred->user->user_ns &&
	    cap_issubset(child_cred->cap_permitted, cred->cap_permitted))
		goto out;
	if (ns_capable(child_cred->user->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
		goto out;
	ret = -EPERM;
out:
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return ret;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.