int yr_execute_code(
    YR_RULES* rules,
    YR_SCAN_CONTEXT* context,
    int timeout,
    time_t start_time)
{
  int64_t mem[MEM_SIZE];
  int32_t sp = 0;
  uint8_t* ip = rules->code_start;

  YR_VALUE args[MAX_FUNCTION_ARGS];
  YR_VALUE *stack;
  YR_VALUE r1;
  YR_VALUE r2;
  YR_VALUE r3;

  #ifdef PROFILING_ENABLED
  YR_RULE* current_rule = NULL;
  #endif

  YR_RULE* rule;
  YR_MATCH* match;
  YR_OBJECT_FUNCTION* function;

  char* identifier;
  char* args_fmt;

  int i;
  int found;
  int count;
  int result = ERROR_SUCCESS;
  int stop = FALSE;
  int cycle = 0;
  int tidx = context->tidx;
  int stack_size;

  #ifdef PROFILING_ENABLED
  clock_t start = clock();
  #endif

  yr_get_configuration(YR_CONFIG_STACK_SIZE, (void*) &stack_size);

  stack = (YR_VALUE*) yr_malloc(stack_size * sizeof(YR_VALUE));

  if (stack == NULL)
    return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_MEMORY;

  while(!stop)
  {
    switch(*ip)
    {
      case OP_HALT:
        assert(sp == 0); // When HALT is reached the stack should be empty.
        stop = TRUE;
        break;

      case OP_PUSH:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_POP:
        pop(r1);
        break;

      case OP_CLEAR_M:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        mem[r1.i] = 0;
        break;

      case OP_ADD_M:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        pop(r2);
        if (!is_undef(r2))
          mem[r1.i] += r2.i;
        break;

      case OP_INCR_M:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        mem[r1.i]++;
        break;

      case OP_PUSH_M:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        r1.i = mem[r1.i];
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_POP_M:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        pop(r2);
        mem[r1.i] = r2.i;
        break;

      case OP_SWAPUNDEF:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        pop(r2);

        if (is_undef(r2))
        {
          r1.i = mem[r1.i];
          push(r1);
        }
        else
        {
          push(r2);
        }
        break;

      case OP_JNUNDEF:
        pop(r1);
        push(r1);

        ip = jmp_if(!is_undef(r1), ip);
        break;

      case OP_JLE:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        push(r1);
        push(r2);

        ip = jmp_if(r1.i <= r2.i, ip);
        break;

      case OP_JTRUE:
        pop(r1);
        push(r1);

        ip = jmp_if(!is_undef(r1) && r1.i, ip);
        break;

      case OP_JFALSE:
        pop(r1);
        push(r1);

        ip = jmp_if(is_undef(r1) || !r1.i, ip);
        break;

      case OP_AND:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        if (is_undef(r1) || is_undef(r2))
          r1.i = 0;
        else
          r1.i = r1.i && r2.i;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_OR:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        if (is_undef(r1))
        {
          push(r2);
        }
        else if (is_undef(r2))
        {
          push(r1);
        }
        else
        {
          r1.i = r1.i || r2.i;
          push(r1);
        }
        break;

      case OP_NOT:
        pop(r1);

        if (is_undef(r1))
          r1.i = UNDEFINED;
        else
          r1.i= !r1.i;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_MOD:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        if (r2.i != 0)
          r1.i = r1.i % r2.i;
        else
          r1.i = UNDEFINED;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_SHR:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i >> r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_SHL:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i << r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_BITWISE_NOT:
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = ~r1.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_BITWISE_AND:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i & r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_BITWISE_OR:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i | r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_BITWISE_XOR:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i ^ r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_PUSH_RULE:
        rule = *(YR_RULE**)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        r1.i = rule->t_flags[tidx] & RULE_TFLAGS_MATCH ? 1 : 0;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INIT_RULE:
        #ifdef PROFILING_ENABLED
        current_rule = *(YR_RULE**)(ip + 1);
        #endif
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        break;

      case OP_MATCH_RULE:
        pop(r1);
        rule = *(YR_RULE**)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);

        if (!is_undef(r1) && r1.i)
          rule->t_flags[tidx] |= RULE_TFLAGS_MATCH;
        else if (RULE_IS_GLOBAL(rule))
          rule->ns->t_flags[tidx] |= NAMESPACE_TFLAGS_UNSATISFIED_GLOBAL;

        #ifdef PROFILING_ENABLED
        rule->clock_ticks += clock() - start;
        start = clock();
        #endif
        break;

      case OP_OBJ_LOAD:
        identifier = *(char**)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);

        r1.o = (YR_OBJECT*) yr_hash_table_lookup(
            context->objects_table,
            identifier,
            NULL);

        assert(r1.o != NULL);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_OBJ_FIELD:
        identifier = *(char**)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);

        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);

        r1.o = yr_object_lookup_field(r1.o, identifier);

        assert(r1.o != NULL);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_OBJ_VALUE:
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);

        switch(r1.o->type)
        {
          case OBJECT_TYPE_INTEGER:
            r1.i = ((YR_OBJECT_INTEGER*) r1.o)->value;
            break;

          case OBJECT_TYPE_FLOAT:
            if (isnan(((YR_OBJECT_DOUBLE*) r1.o)->value))
              r1.i = UNDEFINED;
            else
              r1.d = ((YR_OBJECT_DOUBLE*) r1.o)->value;
            break;

          case OBJECT_TYPE_STRING:
            if (((YR_OBJECT_STRING*) r1.o)->value == NULL)
              r1.i = UNDEFINED;
            else
              r1.p = ((YR_OBJECT_STRING*) r1.o)->value;
            break;

          default:
            assert(FALSE);
        }

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INDEX_ARRAY:
        pop(r1);  // index
        pop(r2);  // array

        ensure_defined(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        assert(r2.o->type == OBJECT_TYPE_ARRAY);

        r1.o = yr_object_array_get_item(r2.o, 0, (int) r1.i);

        if (r1.o == NULL)
          r1.i = UNDEFINED;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_LOOKUP_DICT:
        pop(r1);  // key
        pop(r2);  // dictionary

        ensure_defined(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        assert(r2.o->type == OBJECT_TYPE_DICTIONARY);

        r1.o = yr_object_dict_get_item(
            r2.o, 0, r1.ss->c_string);

        if (r1.o == NULL)
          r1.i = UNDEFINED;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_CALL:
        args_fmt = *(char**)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);

        i = (int) strlen(args_fmt);
        count = 0;


        while (i > 0)
        {
          pop(r1);

          if (is_undef(r1))  // count the number of undefined args
            count++;

          args[i - 1] = r1;
          i--;
        }

        pop(r2);
        ensure_defined(r2);

        if (count > 0)
        {

          r1.i = UNDEFINED;
          push(r1);
          break;
        }

        function = (YR_OBJECT_FUNCTION*) r2.o;
        result = ERROR_INTERNAL_FATAL_ERROR;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_OVERLOADED_FUNCTIONS; i++)
        {
          if (function->prototypes[i].arguments_fmt == NULL)
            break;

          if (strcmp(function->prototypes[i].arguments_fmt, args_fmt) == 0)
          {
            result = function->prototypes[i].code(args, context, function);
            break;
          }
        }

        assert(i < MAX_OVERLOADED_FUNCTIONS);

        if (result == ERROR_SUCCESS)
        {
          r1.o = function->return_obj;
          push(r1);
        }
        else
        {
          stop = TRUE;
        }

        break;

      case OP_FOUND:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = r1.s->matches[tidx].tail != NULL ? 1 : 0;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_FOUND_AT:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        if (is_undef(r1))
        {
          r1.i = 0;
          push(r1);
          break;
        }

        match = r2.s->matches[tidx].head;
        r3.i = FALSE;

        while (match != NULL)
        {
          if (r1.i == match->base + match->offset)
          {
            r3.i = TRUE;
            break;
          }

          if (r1.i < match->base + match->offset)
            break;

          match = match->next;
        }

        push(r3);
        break;

      case OP_FOUND_IN:
        pop(r3);
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);

        match = r3.s->matches[tidx].head;
        r3.i = FALSE;

        while (match != NULL && !r3.i)
        {
          if (match->base + match->offset >= r1.i &&
              match->base + match->offset <= r2.i)
          {
            r3.i = TRUE;
          }

          if (match->base + match->offset > r2.i)
            break;

          match = match->next;
        }

        push(r3);
        break;

      case OP_COUNT:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = r1.s->matches[tidx].count;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_OFFSET:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r1);

        match = r2.s->matches[tidx].head;
        i = 1;
        r3.i = UNDEFINED;

        while (match != NULL && r3.i == UNDEFINED)
        {
          if (r1.i == i)
            r3.i = match->base + match->offset;

          i++;
          match = match->next;
        }

        push(r3);
        break;

      case OP_LENGTH:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r1);

        match = r2.s->matches[tidx].head;
        i = 1;
        r3.i = UNDEFINED;

        while (match != NULL && r3.i == UNDEFINED)
        {
          if (r1.i == i)
            r3.i = match->match_length;

          i++;
          match = match->next;
        }

        push(r3);
        break;

      case OP_OF:
        found = 0;
        count = 0;
        pop(r1);

        while (!is_undef(r1))
        {
          if (r1.s->matches[tidx].tail != NULL)
            found++;
          count++;
          pop(r1);
        }

        pop(r2);

        if (is_undef(r2))
          r1.i = found >= count ? 1 : 0;
        else
          r1.i = found >= r2.i ? 1 : 0;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_FILESIZE:
        r1.i = context->file_size;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_ENTRYPOINT:
        r1.i = context->entry_point;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT8:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int8_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT16:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int16_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT32:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int32_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT8:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint8_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT16:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint16_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT32:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint32_t_little_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT8BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int8_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT16BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int16_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT32BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_int32_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT8BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint8_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT16BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint16_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_UINT32BE:
        pop(r1);
        r1.i = read_uint32_t_big_endian(context->iterator, (size_t) r1.i);
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_CONTAINS:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);

        r1.i = memmem(r1.ss->c_string, r1.ss->length,
                      r2.ss->c_string, r2.ss->length) != NULL;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_IMPORT:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);

        result = yr_modules_load((char*) r1.p, context);

        if (result != ERROR_SUCCESS)
          stop = TRUE;

        break;

      case OP_MATCHES:

        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);

        if (r1.ss->length == 0)
        {
          r1.i = FALSE;
          push(r1);
          break;
        }

        r1.i = yr_re_exec(
           (uint8_t*) r2.re->code,
           (uint8_t*) r1.ss->c_string,
           r1.ss->length,
          0,
           r2.re->flags | RE_FLAGS_SCAN,
           NULL,
           NULL) >= 0;

        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_TO_DBL:
        r1.i = *(uint64_t*)(ip + 1);
        ip += sizeof(uint64_t);
        r2 = stack[sp - r1.i];
        if (is_undef(r2))
          stack[sp - r1.i].i = UNDEFINED;
        else
          stack[sp - r1.i].d = (double) r2.i;
        break;

      case OP_STR_TO_BOOL:
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.ss->length > 0;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_EQ:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i == r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_NEQ:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i != r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_LT:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i < r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_GT:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i > r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_LE:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i <= r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_GE:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i >= r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_ADD:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i + r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_SUB:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i - r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_MUL:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.i * r2.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_DIV:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        if (r2.i != 0)
          r1.i = r1.i / r2.i;
        else
          r1.i = UNDEFINED;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_INT_MINUS:
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = -r1.i;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_LT:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d < r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_GT:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d > r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_LE:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d <= r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_GE:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d >= r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_EQ:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d == r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_NEQ:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.i = r1.d != r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_ADD:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.d = r1.d + r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_SUB:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.d = r1.d - r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_MUL:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.d = r1.d * r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_DIV:
        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.d = r1.d / r2.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_DBL_MINUS:
        pop(r1);
        ensure_defined(r1);
        r1.d = -r1.d;
        push(r1);
        break;

      case OP_STR_EQ:
      case OP_STR_NEQ:
      case OP_STR_LT:
      case OP_STR_LE:
      case OP_STR_GT:
      case OP_STR_GE:

        pop(r2);
        pop(r1);

        ensure_defined(r1);
        ensure_defined(r2);

        switch(*ip)
        {
          case OP_STR_EQ:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) == 0);
            break;
          case OP_STR_NEQ:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) != 0);
            break;
          case OP_STR_LT:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) < 0);
            break;
          case OP_STR_LE:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) <= 0);
            break;
          case OP_STR_GT:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) > 0);
            break;
          case OP_STR_GE:
            r1.i = (sized_string_cmp(r1.ss, r2.ss) >= 0);
            break;
        }

        push(r1);
        break;

      default:
        assert(FALSE);
    }

    if (timeout > 0)  // timeout == 0 means no timeout
    {

      if (++cycle == 10)
      {
        if (difftime(time(NULL), start_time) > timeout)
        {
          #ifdef PROFILING_ENABLED
          assert(current_rule != NULL);
          current_rule->clock_ticks += clock() - start;
          #endif
          result = ERROR_SCAN_TIMEOUT;
          stop = TRUE;
        }

        cycle = 0;
      }
    }

    ip++;
  }

  yr_modules_unload_all(context);
  yr_free(stack);

  return result;
}

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.