static int airspy_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
		const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
	struct airspy *s;
	int ret;
	u8 u8tmp, buf[BUF_SIZE];

	s = kzalloc(sizeof(struct airspy), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (s == NULL) {
		dev_err(&intf->dev, "Could not allocate memory for state\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	mutex_init(&s->v4l2_lock);
	mutex_init(&s->vb_queue_lock);
	spin_lock_init(&s->queued_bufs_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->queued_bufs);
	s->dev = &intf->dev;
	s->udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
	s->f_adc = bands[0].rangelow;
	s->f_rf = bands_rf[0].rangelow;
	s->pixelformat = formats[0].pixelformat;
	s->buffersize = formats[0].buffersize;

	/* Detect device */
	ret = airspy_ctrl_msg(s, CMD_BOARD_ID_READ, 0, 0, &u8tmp, 1);
	if (ret == 0)
		ret = airspy_ctrl_msg(s, CMD_VERSION_STRING_READ, 0, 0,
				buf, BUF_SIZE);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(s->dev, "Could not detect board\n");
		goto err_free_mem;
	}

	buf[BUF_SIZE - 1] = '\0';

	dev_info(s->dev, "Board ID: %02x\n", u8tmp);
	dev_info(s->dev, "Firmware version: %s\n", buf);

	/* Init videobuf2 queue structure */
	s->vb_queue.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_CAPTURE;
	s->vb_queue.io_modes = VB2_MMAP | VB2_USERPTR | VB2_READ;
	s->vb_queue.drv_priv = s;
	s->vb_queue.buf_struct_size = sizeof(struct airspy_frame_buf);
	s->vb_queue.ops = &airspy_vb2_ops;
	s->vb_queue.mem_ops = &vb2_vmalloc_memops;
	s->vb_queue.timestamp_flags = V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC;
	ret = vb2_queue_init(&s->vb_queue);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(s->dev, "Could not initialize vb2 queue\n");
		goto err_free_mem;
	}

	/* Init video_device structure */
	s->vdev = airspy_template;
	s->vdev.queue = &s->vb_queue;
	s->vdev.queue->lock = &s->vb_queue_lock;
	video_set_drvdata(&s->vdev, s);

	/* Register the v4l2_device structure */
	s->v4l2_dev.release = airspy_video_release;
	ret = v4l2_device_register(&intf->dev, &s->v4l2_dev);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(s->dev, "Failed to register v4l2-device (%d)\n", ret);
		goto err_free_mem;
	}

	/* Register controls */
	v4l2_ctrl_handler_init(&s->hdl, 5);
	s->lna_gain_auto = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&s->hdl, &airspy_ctrl_ops,
			V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_LNA_GAIN_AUTO, 0, 1, 1, 0);
	s->lna_gain = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&s->hdl, &airspy_ctrl_ops,
			V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_LNA_GAIN, 0, 14, 1, 8);
	v4l2_ctrl_auto_cluster(2, &s->lna_gain_auto, 0, false);
	s->mixer_gain_auto = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&s->hdl, &airspy_ctrl_ops,
			V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_MIXER_GAIN_AUTO, 0, 1, 1, 0);
	s->mixer_gain = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&s->hdl, &airspy_ctrl_ops,
			V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_MIXER_GAIN, 0, 15, 1, 8);
	v4l2_ctrl_auto_cluster(2, &s->mixer_gain_auto, 0, false);
	s->if_gain = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(&s->hdl, &airspy_ctrl_ops,
			V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_IF_GAIN, 0, 15, 1, 0);
	if (s->hdl.error) {
		ret = s->hdl.error;
		dev_err(s->dev, "Could not initialize controls\n");
		goto err_free_controls;
	}

	v4l2_ctrl_handler_setup(&s->hdl);

	s->v4l2_dev.ctrl_handler = &s->hdl;
	s->vdev.v4l2_dev = &s->v4l2_dev;
	s->vdev.lock = &s->v4l2_lock;

	ret = video_register_device(&s->vdev, VFL_TYPE_SDR, -1);
 	if (ret) {
 		dev_err(s->dev, "Failed to register as video device (%d)\n",
 				ret);
		goto err_free_controls;
 	}
 	dev_info(s->dev, "Registered as %s\n",
 			video_device_node_name(&s->vdev));
	dev_notice(s->dev, "SDR API is still slightly experimental and functionality changes may follow\n");
	return 0;
 
 err_free_controls:
 	v4l2_ctrl_handler_free(&s->hdl);
 	v4l2_device_unregister(&s->v4l2_dev);
 err_free_mem:
 	kfree(s);
	return ret;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.