const Extension* ExtensionService::GetExtensionByIdInternal(
    const std::string& id, bool include_enabled, bool include_disabled,
    bool include_terminated) const {
  std::string lowercase_id = StringToLowerASCII(id);
  if (include_enabled) {
    for (ExtensionList::const_iterator iter = extensions_.begin();
        iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
      if ((*iter)->id() == lowercase_id)
        return *iter;
    }
  }
  if (include_disabled) {
    for (ExtensionList::const_iterator iter = disabled_extensions_.begin();
        iter != disabled_extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
      if ((*iter)->id() == lowercase_id)
        return *iter;
    }
  }
  if (include_terminated) {
    for (ExtensionList::const_iterator iter = terminated_extensions_.begin();
        iter != terminated_extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
      if ((*iter)->id() == lowercase_id)
        return *iter;
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.