static int asf_read_picture(AVFormatContext *s, int len)
{
    ASFContext *asf       = s->priv_data;
    AVPacket pkt          = { 0 };
    const CodecMime *mime = ff_id3v2_mime_tags;
    enum  AVCodecID id    = AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
    char mimetype[64];
    uint8_t  *desc = NULL;
    AVStream   *st = NULL;
    int ret, type, picsize, desc_len;
    ASFStream *asf_st;

    /* type + picsize + mime + desc */
    if (len < 1 + 4 + 2 + 2) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid attached picture size: %d.\n", len);
        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
    }

    /* picture type */
    type = avio_r8(s->pb);
    len--;
    if (type >= FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(ff_id3v2_picture_types) || type < 0) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Unknown attached picture type: %d.\n", type);
        type = 0;
    }

    /* picture data size */
    picsize = avio_rl32(s->pb);
    len    -= 4;

    /* picture MIME type */
    len -= avio_get_str16le(s->pb, len, mimetype, sizeof(mimetype));
    while (mime->id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        if (!strncmp(mime->str, mimetype, sizeof(mimetype))) {
            id = mime->id;
            break;
        }
        mime++;
    }
    if (id == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown attached picture mimetype: %s.\n",
               mimetype);
        return 0;
    }

    if (picsize >= len) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid attached picture data size: %d >= %d.\n",
               picsize, len);
        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
    }

    /* picture description */
    desc_len = (len - picsize) * 2 + 1;
    desc     = av_malloc(desc_len);
    if (!desc)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    len -= avio_get_str16le(s->pb, len - picsize, desc, desc_len);

    ret = av_get_packet(s->pb, &pkt, picsize);
    if (ret < 0)
        goto fail;

    st  = avformat_new_stream(s, NULL);
    if (!st) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto fail;
    }
    asf->asf_st[asf->nb_streams] = av_mallocz(sizeof(*asf_st));
    asf_st = asf->asf_st[asf->nb_streams];
    if (!asf_st) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto fail;
    }

    st->disposition              |= AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC;
    st->codecpar->codec_type      = asf_st->type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    st->codecpar->codec_id        = id;
    st->attached_pic              = pkt;
    st->attached_pic.stream_index = asf_st->index = st->index;
    st->attached_pic.flags       |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;

    asf->nb_streams++;

    if (*desc) {
        if (av_dict_set(&st->metadata, "title", desc, AV_DICT_DONT_STRDUP_VAL) < 0)
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "av_dict_set failed.\n");
    } else
        av_freep(&desc);

    if (av_dict_set(&st->metadata, "comment", ff_id3v2_picture_types[type], 0) < 0)
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "av_dict_set failed.\n");

    return 0;

fail:
    av_freep(&desc);
    av_packet_unref(&pkt);
    return ret;
}

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.