png_handle_tRNS(png_structrp png_ptr, png_inforp info_ptr, png_uint_32 length)
{
   png_byte readbuf[PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH];

   png_debug(1, "in png_handle_tRNS");

   if ((png_ptr->mode & PNG_HAVE_IHDR) == 0)
      png_chunk_error(png_ptr, "missing IHDR");

   else if ((png_ptr->mode & PNG_HAVE_IDAT) != 0)
   {
      png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
      png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "out of place");
      return;
   }

   else if (info_ptr != NULL && (info_ptr->valid & PNG_INFO_tRNS) != 0)
   {
      png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
      png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "duplicate");
      return;
   }

   if (png_ptr->color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
   {
      png_byte buf[2];

      if (length != 2)
      {
         png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
         png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "invalid");
         return;
      }

      png_crc_read(png_ptr, buf, 2);
      png_ptr->num_trans = 1;
      png_ptr->trans_color.gray = png_get_uint_16(buf);
   }

   else if (png_ptr->color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB)
   {
      png_byte buf[6];

      if (length != 6)
      {
         png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
         png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "invalid");
         return;
      }

      png_crc_read(png_ptr, buf, length);
      png_ptr->num_trans = 1;
      png_ptr->trans_color.red = png_get_uint_16(buf);
      png_ptr->trans_color.green = png_get_uint_16(buf + 2);
      png_ptr->trans_color.blue = png_get_uint_16(buf + 4);
   }

   else if (png_ptr->color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE)
   {
      if ((png_ptr->mode & PNG_HAVE_PLTE) == 0)
      {
         /* TODO: is this actually an error in the ISO spec? */
         png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
         png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "out of place");
         return;
      }

      if (length > (unsigned int) png_ptr->num_palette ||
         length > (unsigned int) PNG_MAX_PALETTE_LENGTH ||
         length == 0)
      {
         png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
         png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "invalid");
         return;
      }

      png_crc_read(png_ptr, readbuf, length);
      png_ptr->num_trans = (png_uint_16)length;
   }

   else
   {
      png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
      png_chunk_benign_error(png_ptr, "invalid with alpha channel");
      return;
   }

   if (png_crc_finish(png_ptr, 0) != 0)
   {
      png_ptr->num_trans = 0;
      return;
   }

   /* TODO: this is a horrible side effect in the palette case because the
    * png_struct ends up with a pointer to the tRNS buffer owned by the
    * png_info.  Fix this.
    */
   png_set_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, readbuf, png_ptr->num_trans,
       &(png_ptr->trans_color));
}

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.