static int msr_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
 	unsigned int cpu;
 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c;
 
 	cpu = iminor(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode);
 	if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids || !cpu_online(cpu))
 		return -ENXIO;	/* No such CPU */

	c = &cpu_data(cpu);
	if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_MSR))
		return -EIO;	/* MSR not supported */

	return 0;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.