static long do_splice_from(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out,
			   loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
	int ret;

	if (unlikely(!out->f_op || !out->f_op->splice_write))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (unlikely(!(out->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)))
		return -EBADF;

	ret = rw_verify_area(WRITE, out, ppos, len);
	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
		return ret;

	return out->f_op->splice_write(pipe, out, ppos, len, flags);
}
This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.