static int pipe_to_user(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf,
			struct splice_desc *sd)
{
	int n = copy_page_to_iter(buf->page, buf->offset, sd->len, sd->u.data);
	return n == sd->len ? n : -EFAULT;
}

This category addresses vulnerabilities caused by flawed access control mechanisms, where incorrect permission settings allow unauthorized users to access restricted resources.