This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Owen wants or needs:
Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils.
Suppose Owen decides to plant the daffodils. Which result would be a cost?
A: He will save some space. The daffodils will use up less space than the elm tree would have used up.
B: Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils.